29 research outputs found
Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of Well-Being: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures
How can one conclude that well-being is higher in country A than country B, when well-being is being measured according to the way people in country A think about well-being? We address this issue by proposing a new culturally sensitive method to comparing societal levels of well-being. We support our reasoning with data on life satisfaction and interdependent happiness focusing on individual and family, collected mostly from students, across forty-nine countries. We demonstrate that the relative idealization of the two types of well-being varies across cultural contexts and are associated with culturally different models of selfhood. Furthermore, we show that rankings of societal well-being based on life satisfaction tend to underestimate the contribution from interdependent happiness. We introduce a new culturally sensitive method for calculating societal well-being, and examine its construct validity by testing for associations with the experience of emotions and with individualism-collectivism. This new culturally sensitive approach represents a slight, yet important improvement in measuring well-being
Exchange Reactions between Alkanethiolates and Alkaneselenols on Au{111}
When alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au{111} are exchanged with alkaneselenols from solution, replacement of thiolates by selenols is rapid and complete, and is well described by perimeter-dependent island growth kinetics. The monolayer structures change as selenolate coverage increases, from being epitaxial and consistent with the initial thiolate structure to being characteristic of selenolate monolayer structures. At room temperature and at positive sample bias in scanning tunneling microscopy, the selenolate-gold attachment is labile, and molecules exchange positions with neighboring thiolates. The scanning tunneling microscope probe can be used to induce these place-exchange reactions
Low-Noise Hybrid Frequency Synthesizers Based on Direct Digital and Direct Analog Synthesis
Correlation of pressure fluctuations with tangential stresses in a turbulent boundary layer
Effect of heat treatment on the distribution of elements in the phase components of a W-Ni-Fe alloy
Design of a Bimetallic Au/Ag System for Dechlorination of Organochlorides: Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for the Role of the Cluster Effect
The experimental study of dechlorination
activity of a Au/Ag bimetallic
system has shown formation of a variety of chlorinated bimetallic
Au/Ag clusters with well-defined Au:Ag ratios from 1:1 to 4:1. It
is the formation of the Au/Ag cluster species that mediated C–Cl
bond breakage, since neither Au nor Ag species alone exhibited a comparable
activity. The nature of the products and the mechanism of dechlorination
were investigated by ESI-MS, GC-MS, NMR, and quantum chemical calculations
at the M06/6-311GÂ(d)&SDD level of theory. It was revealed that
formation of bimetallic clusters facilitated dechlorination activity
due to the thermodynamic factor: C–Cl bond breakage by metal
clusters was thermodynamically favored and resulted in the formation
of chlorinated bimetallic species. An appropriate Au:Ag ratio for
an efficient hydrodechlorination process was determined in a joint
experimental and theoretical study carried out in the present work.
This mechanistic finding was followed by synthesis of molecular bimetallic
clusters, which were successfully involved in the hydrodechlorination
of CCl<sub>4</sub> as a low molecular weight environment pollutant
and in the dechlorination of dichlorodiphenylÂtrichloroethane
(DDT) as an eco-toxic insecticide. High activity of the designed bimetallic
system made it possible to carry out a dechlorination process under
mild conditions at room temperature