Quantum Heisenberg Chain with Long-Range Ferromagnetic Interactions at Low Temperature

A modified spin-wave theory is applied to the one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg model with long-range ferromagnetic interactions. Low-temperature properties of this model are investigated. The susceptibility and the specific heat are calculated; the relation between their behaviors and strength of the long-range interactions is obtained. This model includes both the Haldane-Shastry model and the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model; the corresponding results in this paper are in agreement with the solutions of both the models. It is shown that there exists an ordering transition in the region where the model has longer-range interactions than the HS model. The critical temperature is estimated.Comment: 17 pages(LaTeX REVTeX), 1 figure appended (PostScript), Technical Report of ISSP A-274

A spherical model with directional interactions: I. Static properties

We introduce a simple spherical model whose structural properties are similar to the ones generated by models with directional interactions, by employing a binary mixture of large and small hard spheres, with a square-well attraction acting only between particles of different size. The small particles provide the bonds between the large ones. With a proper choice of the interaction parameters, as well as of the relative concentration of the two species, it is possible to control the effective valence. Here we focus on a specific choice of the parameters which favors tetrahedral ordering and study the equilibrium static properties of the system in a large window of densities and temperatures. Upon lowering the temperature we observe a progressive increase in local order, accompanied by the formation of a four-coordinated network of bonds. Three different density regions are observed: at low density the system phase separates into a gas and a liquid phase; at intermediate densities a network of fully bonded particles develops; at high densities -- due to the competition between excluded volume and attractive interactions -- the system forms a defective network. The very same behavior has been previously observed in numerical studies of non-spherical models for molecular liquids, such as water, and in models of patchy colloidal particles. Differently from these models, theoretical treatments devised for spherical potentials, e.g. integral equations and ideal mode coupling theory for the glass transition can be applied in the present case, opening the way for a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic and dynamic behavior of low valence molecules and particles.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure

The 2015 outburst of the accreting millisecond pulsar IGR J17511-3057 as seen by INTEGRAL, Swift and XMM-Newton

We report on INTEGRAL, Swift and XMM-Newton observations of IGR J17511-3057 performed during the outburst that occurred between March 23 and April 25, 2015. The source reached a peak flux of 0.7(2)E-9 erg/cm$^2$/s and decayed to quiescence in approximately a month. The X-ray spectrum was dominated by a power-law with photon index between 1.6 and 1.8, which we interpreted as thermal Comptonization in an electron cloud with temperature > 20 keV . A broad ({\sigma} ~ 1 keV) emission line was detected at an energy (E = 6.9$^{+0.2}_{-0.3}$ keV) compatible with the K{\alpha} transition of ionized Fe, suggesting an origin in the inner regions of the accretion disk. The outburst flux and spectral properties shown during this outburst were remarkably similar to those observed during the previous accretion event detected from the source in 2009. Coherent pulsations at the pulsar spin period were detected in the XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL data, at a frequency compatible with the value observed in 2009. Assuming that the source spun up during the 2015 outburst at the same rate observed during the previous outburst, we derive a conservative upper limit on the spin down rate during quiescence of 3.5E-15 Hz/s. Interpreting this value in terms of electromagnetic spin down yields an upper limit of 3.6E26 G/cm$^3$ to the pulsar magnetic dipole (assuming a magnetic inclination angle of 30{\deg}). We also report on the detection of five type-I X-ray bursts (three in the XMM-Newton data, two in the INTEGRAL data), none of which indicated photospheric radius expansion.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Mars riometer system

A riometer (relative ionospheric opacity meter) measures the intensity of cosmic radio noise at the surface of a planet. When an electromagnetic wave passes through the ionosphere collisions between charged particles (usually electrons) and neutral gases remove energy from the wave. By measuring the received signal intensity at the planet's surface and comparing it to the expected value (the quietday curve) a riometer can deduce the absorption (attenuation) of the trans-ionospheric signal. Thus the absorption measurements provide an indication of ionisation changes occurring in the ionosphere. To avoid the need for orbiting sounders riometers use the cosmic noise background as a signal source. Earth-based systems are not subject to the challenging power, volume and mass restriction that would apply to a riometer for Mars. Some Earth-based riometers utilise phased-array antennas in order to provide an imaging capability.UnpublishedVienna - Austria3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spazialeope

The mass surface density in the local disk and the chemical evolution of the Galaxy

We have studied the effect of adopting different values of the total baryonic mass surface density in the local disk at the present time in a model for the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. We have compared our model results with the G-dwarf metallicity distribution, the amounts of gas, stars, stellar remnants, infall rate and SN rate in the solar vicinity, and with the radial abundance gradients and gas distribution in the disk. This comparison strongly suggests that the value of the total baryonic mass surface density in the local disk which best fits the observational properties should lie in the range 50-75 Msun pc-2, and that values outside this range should be ruled out.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, uses emulateapj.st

Magnetic properties of quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets with long-range interactions

Quantum Heisenberg ferromagnets with long-range interactions decayin as $1/r^p$ in one and two dimensions are investigated by means of the Green's function method. It is shown that there exists a finite-temperature phase transition in the region $d<p<2 d$ for the $d$-dimensional case and that no transitions at any finite temperature exist for $p\ge 2 d$; the critical temperature is also estimated. We study the magnetic properties of this model. We calculate the critical exponents' dependence on $p$; these exponents also satisfy a scaling relation. Some of the results were also found using the modified spin-wave theory and are in remarkable agreement with each other.Comment: 13 pages(LaTeX REVTeX), 2 figures not included (postscript files available on request), submitted to Phys.Rev.

A Soft X-Ray Spectral Episode for the Clocked Burster, GS 1826-24 as Measured by Swift and NuSTAR

We report on NuSTAR and Swift observations of a soft state of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GS 1826-24, commonly known as the "clocked" burster. The transition to the soft state was recorded in 2014 June through an increase of the 2-20 keV source intensity measured by MAXI, simultaneous with a decrease of the 15-50 keV intensity measured by Swift/BAT. The episode lasted approximately two months, after which the source returned to its usual hard state. We analyze the broad-band spectrum measured by Swift/XRT and NuSTAR, and estimate the accretion rate during the soft episode to be about 13% of Eddington, within the range of previous observations. However, the best fit spectral model, adopting the double Comptonization used previously, exhibits significantly softer components. We detect seven type-I X-ray bursts, all significantly weaker (and with shorter rise and decay times) than observed previously. The burst profiles and recurrence times vary significantly, ruling out the regular bursts that are typical for this source. One burst exhibited photospheric radius expansion, and we estimate the source distance at about (5.7 / xi_b^1/2) kpc, where xi_b parameterizes the possible anisotropy of the burst emission. Interpreting the soft state as a transition from an optically thin inner flow to an optically thick flow passing through a boundary layer, as is commonly observed in similar systems, is contradicted by the lower optical depth measured for the double Comptonization model we find for this soft state. The effect of a change in disk geometry on the burst behavior remains unclear.Comment: 40 pages (single-column, doubled spaced format), 9 figures, 3 tables; submitted to Ap

Peculiar from-Edge-to-Interior Spin Freezing in a Magnetic Dipolar Cube

By molecular dynamics simulation, we have investigated classical Heisenberg spins, which are arrayed on a finite simple cubic lattice and interact with each other only by the dipole-dipole interaction, and have found its peculiar it from-Edge-to-interior freezing process. As the temperature is decreased, spins on each edge predominantly start to freeze in a ferromagnetic alignment parallel to the edge around the corresponding bulk transition temperature, then from each edges grow domains with short-range orders similar to the corresponding bulk orders, and the system ends up with a unique multi-domain ground state at the lowest temperature. We interpret this freezing characteristics is attributed to the anisotropic and long-range nature of the dipole-dipole interaction combined with a finite-size effect.Comment: 11 pages 5 figure

A cluster theory for a Janus fluid

Recent Monte Carlo simulations on the Kern and Frenkel model of a Janus fluid have revealed that in the vapour phase there is the formation of preferred clusters made up of a well-defined number of particles: the micelles and the vesicles. A cluster theory is developed to approximate the exact clustering properties stemming from the simulations. It is shown that the theory is able to reproduce the micellisation phenomenon.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, 6 table

Romano, Santi

Santi Romano was born in Palermo, Sicily on January 31, 1875. His origins had a notable impact on his legal training, as Palermo was the cradle of a host of renewed legal studies that changed once and for all the way of approaching public law in Italy. His teacher, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, was both a leading statesman and an innovator of the notion and practice of public and administrative law. The young Romano contributed to a seminal collection of volumes, edited by Orlando, devoted to Italian administrative law, Primo trattato completo di diritto amministrativo italiano (First Complete Treatise on Italian Administrative Law), published between 1900 and 1915. The importance Orlando and his many collaborators attached to such a monumental scholarly enterprise should not go unnoticed: in his preface to the first volume, Orlando emphasized his and the other contributors’ conscious, and eventually successful, attempt at constructing an Italian school of public law. This collection of writings, he claimed, was the necessary counterpoint to the growing expansion of the state’s competences in the public realm. While in the past, Italian scholars had been heavily influenced by the French lawyers who had been working and mulling over the Code Napoléon and, subsequently, by the German pandectists, Orlando insisted that the specialization and evolution of the Italian state called for a full-fledged “homegrown” scholarly apparatus. After obtaining his degree at the University of Palermo, Romano wholeheartedly adhered to this ambitious project