Evaluación de la mutagenicidad inducida por concentrados orgánicos derivados de aguas de consumo público por medio del test de Ames

La valoración de la actividad mutagénico inducida por concentados orgánicos derivados de aguas de consumo público por medio del test de Ames, ha concluido que no se ha encontrado actividad mutagénica positiva con ninguna de las muestras ensayadas. Las cepas más adecuadas para valorar dichos concentrados has sido la TA 1535 y TA 100. Con la cepa TA-1535 se ha alcanzado la calificaicón de ligera mutagenidad por lo que se postula que la acción de estos derivados podría consisitir en la sustitución de pares de bases. Por último la presencia de la fracción microsomal disminuye la mutagenicidad inducida en todas las cepas

Esport d’oci a Espanya: epidemiologia de les lesions i les seves conseqüències

Introducció i objectius. Es va dur a terme un estudi epidemiològic de casos, descriptiu i analític. L’objectiu va ser la valoració de les lesions esportives produïdes durant la pràctica d’esport d’oci en l’àmbit geogràfic de totes les comunitats autònomes d’Espanya. Mètode. Es van fer enquestes a un total de 1.616 subjectes que haguessin patit una lesió en els últims 12 mesos practicant esport a manera d’oci. La compilació de la informació es va fer mitjançant una base de dades digitals hostatjades en un servidor web vinculat a una enquesta digital a través de la qual es van registrar les respostes dels subjectes. Resultats. Dins la mostra, un 72,5 % van ser homes i un 27,5 % dones; així com el 74,4 % van ser subjectes de fins a 35 anys d’edat i el 25,6 % restant, majors de 35 anys. L’esport que va generar un nombre més gran de lesions va ser el futbol (27,6 % del total d’accidents); seguit per la cursa (8,6 %), el futbol sala (7,9 %) i el basquetbol (7,7 %). Atenent a les conseqüències de les lesions, els esports que van manifestar un major percentatge de seqüeles després de l’accident van ser: basquetbol (el 70,2 % dels lesionats), futbol (69,5 %) i ciclisme (66,7 %). Així mateix, els que més percentatge de rehabilitació després de la lesió van requerir van ser: atletisme (78,9 %), pàdel (72,2 %) i tennis (71,7 %). Per últim, els que més baixes laborals van suposar van ser: tennis (26,1 %), futbol sala (26 %) i arts marcials (22,8 %). Conclusions. Els resultats mostren una descriptiva general de la influència que les conseqüències de les lesions esportives tenen en la societat espanyola. Serien recomanables més estudis comparatius de casos de lesionats i no lesionats en l’esport amateur per tal d’establir campanyes de prevenció

Deporte de ocio en España: epidemiología de las lesiones y sus consecuencias

Introducción y objetivos. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de casos, descriptivo y analítico. El objetivo fue la valoración de las lesiones deportivas producidas durante la práctica de deporte de ocio en el ámbito geográfico de todas las comunidades autónomas de España. Método. Se realizaron encuestas a un total de 1616 sujetos que hubieran sufrido una lesión en los últimos 12 meses practicando deporte a modo de ocio. La compilación de la información se realizó mediante una base de datos digital hospedada en un servidor web vinculado a una encuesta digital a través de la cual se registraron las respuestas de los sujetos. Resultados. Dentro de la muestra, un 72,5 % fueron hombres y un 27,5 % mujeres; así como el 74,4 % fueron sujetos de hasta 35 años de edad y el 25,6 % restante, mayores de 35 años. El deporte que generó mayor número de lesiones fue el fútbol (27,6 % del total de accidentes); seguido por la carrera (8,6 %), el fútbol sala (7,9 %) y el baloncesto (7,7 %). Atendiendo a las consecuencias de las lesiones, los deportes que manifestaron un mayor porcentaje de secuelas tras el accidente fueron: baloncesto (el 70,2 % de los lesionados), fútbol (69,5 %) y ciclismo (66,7 %). Asimismo, los que más porcentaje de rehabilitación tras lesión requirieron fueron: atletismo (78,9 %), pádel (72,2 %) y tenis (71,7 %). Por último, los que más bajas laborales supusieron fueron: tenis (26,1 %), fútbol sala (26 %) y artes marciales (22,8 %). Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran una descriptiva general de la influencia que las consecuencias de las lesiones deportivas tienen en la sociedad española. Más estudios comparativos de casos de lesionados y no lesionados en deporte amateur serían recomendables para establecer campañas de prevención

Use of health services according to income before and after elimination of copayment in Germany and restriction of universal health coverage in Spain

Background: In Germany copayment for medical consultation was eliminated in 2013, and in Spain universal health coverage was partly restricted in 2012. This study shows the relationship between income and the use of health services before and after these measures in each country. Methods: Data were taken from the 2009 and 2014 Socio-Economic Panel conducted in Germany, and from the 2009 and 2014 European Health Surveys in Spain. The health services investigated were physician consultations and hospital admissions, and the measure of socioeconomic position used was household income. The magnitude of the relationship between socioeconomic position and the use of each health service in people from 16 to 74 years old was estimated by calculating the percentage ratio using binary regression. Results: In Germany, after adjusting for age, sex, and need for care, in the model comparing the two lower income categories to the two higher categories, the percentage ratio for physician consultation was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96–0.99) in 2009 and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99) in 2014, and the percentage ratio for hospitalization was 1.01 (95% CI 0.93–1.10) in 2009 and 1.16 (95% CI 1.08–1.25) in 2014. In Spain, after adjusting for age, sex, and self-rated health, the percentage ratio for physician consultation was 0.99 (95% CI 0.94–1.05) in 2009 and 1.08 (95% CI 1.03–1.14) in 2014, and the percentage ratio for hospitalization was 1.04 (95% CI 0.92–1.18) in 2009 and 0.99 (95% CI 0.87–1.14) in 2014. Conclusion: The results suggest that elimination of the copayment in Germany did not change the frequency of physician consultations, whereas after the restriction of universal health coverage in Spain, subjects with lower incomes had a higher frequency of physician consultations.This study was supported by a grant from the “Plan Estatal de I + D + I”, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (no. CSO2013–40877-P)

Socioeconomic position and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries: a systematic review, 1990–2013

Incluye material complementarioBackground: Childhood obesity is a major problem in rich countries due to its high prevalence and its harmful health consequences. An exploratory analysis conducted in the PubMed database highlighted that the number of papers published on the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and childhood-adolescent weight status had risen substantially with respect to an earlier review which had covered the period 1990–2005. Methods: To describe the findings on the relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in papers published in rich countries from 1990 through 2013, studies were identified in the following databases: PubMed; Web of Knowledge (WOK); PsycINFO; Global Health; and Embase. We included observational studies from the 27 richest OECD countries, which covered study populations aged 0 to 21 years, and used parental education, income and/or occupation as family SEP indicators. A total of 158 papers met the inclusion criteria and reported 134 bivariable and 90 multivariable analyses. Results: Examination of the results yielded by the bivariable analyses showed that 60.4 % of studies found an inverse relationship, 18.7 % of studies did not found relationship, and 20.9 % of studies found a relationship that varied depending on another variable, such as age, sex or ethnic group; the corresponding percentages in the multivariable analyses were 51.1, 20.0 and 27.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, 1.1 % found a positive relationship. Conclusion: The relationship between SEP and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries is predominantly inverse and the positive relationship almost has disappeared. The SEP indicator that yields the highest proportion of inverse relationships is parents’ education. The proportion of inverse relationships is higher when the weight status is reported by parents instead using objective measurements.This study was conducted thanks to support from the Research Project PI11/00784 “Socioeconomic context of residence area and overweight and obesity childhood” financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation

Reversal of the Upward Trend of Obesity in Boys, but Not in Girls, in Spain

Background: To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls and to estimate socioeconomic differences associated with obesity in Spain in 1997, 2007, and 2017. (2) Methods: Data were drawn from national health interview surveys. For each year of study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was measured, and these results were compared by gender (boy/girl) and socioeconomic status (low/high education). (3) Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity rose from 1997 to 2007 but then fell in 2017 in all subgroups except in girls aged 10 to 15 years. In this group, there was a steady increase in the prevalence of both overweight (1997, 14.6%; 2007, 17.7%; 2017, 19.6%) and obesity (1.1, 3.2, and 3.7%, respectively). The decrease in prevalence of overweight in both sexes and of obesity in boys, along with the increase in prevalence of obesity in girls, was of a higher magnitude in children whose parents had a lower educational level. (4) Conclusions: The apparent turnaround in the obesity epidemic in Spain should be interpreted with caution. Children’s body weight is influenced by both gender and socioeconomic status—considerations that should be kept in mind when designing health promotion intervention

Innovación en la enseñanza virtual de la Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública en el ámbito clínico

Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

Low Levels of Influenza Vaccine Uptake among the Diabetic Population in Spain: A Time Trend Study from 2011 to 2020

Background: In this work, we aim to describe influenza vaccine uptake among the diabetic population in Spain to assess the time trend from 2011 to 2020 and identify predictors of vaccine uptake among diabetes patients. (2) Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using the European Health Interview Survey for Spain (2014 and 2020) and the Spanish National Health Surveys (2011 and 2017). The independent variables analysed included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables and lifestyle variables. We matched each participant with diabetes with a non-diabetic participant based on age, sex, place of residence and year of survey. (3) Results: The overall coverage among diabetic adults was 52.1% compared to 40.6% for matched participants without diabetes (p < 0.01). The vaccine uptake among adults with diabetes was 52.6% in 2011, 54.38% in 2014 and 53.4% in 2017. The adjusted OR of having been vaccinated in 2020, with respect to 2011, was not significant at 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72–1.06). Factors such as being male, higher age, being affected by respiratory disease or cancer and being physically active were identified as positive predictors for influenza vaccination uptake, while smoking was a negative predictor. (4) Conclusions: The influenza vaccine uptake is below desirable levels among the adult diabetic population in Spain and has not improved from 2011 to 2020. More efforts should be made to increase influenza vaccine uptake in this high-risk group, especially for women, those aged 18–64 years, without other high-risk conditions and smokers