THE PARTICULARITIES OF THE MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM IN ROMANIA

The process of transmitting monetary policy impulses to the real economy presents o series of particularities from one country to another, mainly because of the diversity of financial systems. Thereby, the functionality of various monetary policy transmission channels is significantly influenced by the specific features of each country's financial system. The objective of this paper is to highlight some of the key features of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Romania, taking into consideration the dominant role of the banking sector in the national financial system.monetary policy, transmission mechanism, interest rate channel, credit channel

The partnership between the state and the church against trafficking in persons

Trafficking in persons is a multi-sided phenomenon accompanying the current migration flows, therefore, the actions that must be undertaken in order to prevent, combat the phenomenon as well as to assist the victims of trafficking require a large partnership between all the actors involved: international organisations, governmental institutions and representatives of civil society. The special psychological, ethical issues raised especially by trafficking prevention and assistance to victims make the church and various religious organisations play a very important role in the corresponding networks at both international and national level. Even if the integration of the church in the networks fighting against TP has been quite largely addressed worldwide, there are but few studies undertaken in Romania in this area. Our paper opens the room for dialogue among the researchers interested in this topic from an interdisciplinary perspective to discuss the possibilities to establish sustainable partnerships between the state and the church against trafficking in persons. With this aim in view, we have first carried out a quantitative analysis of the scope and dynamics of trafficking in persons in Romania focusing on the victims’ profile by exploitation type. The main socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, schooling, area of origin) have been considered in order to identify the vulnerability factors related to the risk involved by trafficking, both at national and regional level. We have also examined the responses in legislative and institutional terms, with a special emphasis on the collaboration between the state and the church in preventing and combating trafficking in persons. Of special relevance are the conclusions resulted from the field research undertaken in the area covered by the Diocese of Maramures and Satu Mare.trafficking in persons, exploitation, gender differentiation, governmental policy, civil society, church, partnership, prevention, combating, assistance to victims

The current state and dynamics of regional disparities in Romania

The paper aims to highlight the dynamics and current state of regional disparities in Romania, discussing both inter-regional disparities -between the eight development regions, corresponding to the NUTS II level- and intra-regional disparities -between the counties (corresponding to the NUTS III level) included in each region. The analysis of regional disparities has been based on a series of data and indicators provided by Romanian official statistics for 2000 and 2005, processed by various statistical methods. We constructed a new variant of the relative distances ranking method adapted to the objective of our study, so as to make it possible to measure simultaneously the intra and inter-regional disparities. Based on a multidimensional index of inequality, the 41 Romanian counties plus Bucharest municipality have been ranked and included into four major development categories, according to their relative position in economic development. Gini index, Herfindahl index and Theil index have been also employed, showing a low level of concentration, which suggests a relatively low amplitude of both inter-regional and intra-regional disparities.disparities, ranking, concentration, region, county, Romania

Electronic cost alternatives for e-commerce

The e-commerce can lead to cost reduction in case of a supplier in many different ways and can subsequently increase the competition potential of an enterprise. The e-commerce generates on average lower costs than those coming up if it were to reduce them by considering their components. As for the competition mechanism, such changes produce significant modifications within a market economy. The Internet renders the possibility of creating business contacts in a rapid and geographically independent manner as well as of obtaining data and of realizing transactions within world economy.Information technology; costs; e-commerce; electronic markets; added value.

Disclosure Style and Its Determinants in Integrated Reports

Integrated Reporting promotes a more cohesive and efficient approach to corporate reporting and aims to improve the quality of information available to providers of financial capital. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the determinants of readability and optimism which build the disclosure style of integrated reports. Our research draws on impression management theory and legitimacy theory, while also taking into consideration the cultural system of Hofstede with its further developments by Gray. Our sample consisted of 30 annual reports, extracted randomly from the Integrated Reporting examples database set up by the International Integrated Reporting Council. For the purposes of our investigation, we have carried out a multivariate regression analysis. Firstly, our results show that the higher the revenues of the reporting company, the more balanced their integrated reports, while younger companies use a more optimistic tone when reporting. Additionally, optimism seems to be inversely correlated with the length of the reports. Secondly, entities based in countries with a stronger tendency towards transparency surprisingly provide less readable integrated reports. It was also revealed that companies operating in non-environmentally sensitive industries, as well as International Financial Reporting Standards adopters deliver foggier and thus less readable integrated reports

The partnership between the state and the church against trafficking in persons

Trafficking in persons is a multi-sided phenomenon accompanying the current migration flows, therefore, the actions that must be undertaken in order to prevent, combat the phenomenon as well as to assist the victims of trafficking require a large partnership between all the actors involved: international organisations, governmental institutions and representatives of civil society. The special psychological, ethical issues raised especially by trafficking prevention and assistance to victims make the church and various religious organisations play a very important role in the corresponding networks at both international and national level. Even if the integration of the church in the networks fighting against TP has been quite largely addressed worldwide, there are but few studies undertaken in Romania in this area. Our paper opens the room for dialogue among the researchers interested in this topic from an interdisciplinary perspective to discuss the possibilities to establish sustainable partnerships between the state and the church against trafficking in persons. With this aim in view, we have first carried out a quantitative analysis of the scope and dynamics of trafficking in persons in Romania focusing on the victims’ profile by exploitation type. The main socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, schooling, area of origin) have been considered in order to identify the vulnerability factors related to the risk involved by trafficking, both at national and regional level. We have also examined the responses in legislative and institutional terms, with a special emphasis on the collaboration between the state and the church in preventing and combating trafficking in persons. Of special relevance are the conclusions resulted from the field research undertaken in the area covered by the Diocese of Maramures and Satu Mare

Specialisation and Concentration Patterns in the Romanian Economy

The economic specialisation of the regions and the spatial concentration of the economic activities are reflecting the same reality from two different perspectives. Our research is an attempt to capture the main patterns and the evolution of regional specialisation and sectoral concentration in the Romanian economy for selected years during 1996-2007 period, on the basis of the Gross Value Added and employment data, by branch and by region. We employed standard statistical measures of specialisation and concentration, combined with methods envisaging the amplitude and the speed of structural changes in order to highlight the various sides of these two complex phenomena

About causes of early-stage asymptomatic prostate cancer

Central Military Hospital, The Republican Clinical Hospital, Institute of Oncology, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: The neurotransmitters (epinephrine and norepinephrine) of the sympathetic nervous system that perform numerous cellular and tissue functions contribute to tumor growth during the early stages of development. At the same time, these bioactive substances act as mediators of the descending antinociceptive system that cause inhibition of pain at the suprasegmental and segmental levels of the neurotransmission. Later studies point to the involvement of afferent sensory neurons in tumor process. The functionality of these structures can be changed due to the structural features caused by genetic disorders of myelin. In addition to that, tumor augmentation of sensory neurons endings leads to the involvement of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the affected area and the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. At the same time, in the secondary inflammatory process, various enzymes that change the cellular matrix and cause invasion and metastasis are released. In addition to sensitizing cytokines, immunocompetent cells – macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes – can also produce opioid peptides that target the desensitization of peripheral nociceptors. Opioid peptides inhibit the excitability of sensory nerves without central unwanted side effects such as depression of breathing, clouding of consciousness, or addiction. This peripheral antinociceptive system with ICC may allow the neoplasm to remain asymptomatic for a while. The changes in afferent impulses at the central level in oncopathology can also be associated with those in the functionality of Toll-like receptors. Conclusions: Taking into account the aforementioned literature data about oncogenesis, it may be assumed the presence of a new complex pathogenetic pattern that ensures the asymptomatic evolution of prostate cancer. A better coverage of this data may facilitate further search for early markers of the disease