SOLUTION PHASE AND MEMBRANE IMMOBILIZED IRON-BASED FREE RADICAL REACTIONS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS FOR WATER TREATMENT

Membrane-based separation processes have been used extensively for drinking water purification, wastewater treatment, and numerous other applications. Reactive membranes synthesized through functionalization of the membrane pores offer enhanced reactivity due to increased surface area at the polymer-solution interface and low diffusion limitations. Oxidative techniques utilizing free radicals have proven effective for both the destruction of toxic organics and non-environmental applications. Most previous work focuses on reactions in the homogeneous phase; however, the immobilization of reactants in membrane pores offers several advantages. The use of polyanions immobilized in a membrane or chelates in solution prevents ferric hydroxide precipitation at near-neutral pH, a common limitation of iron(Fe(II/III))-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition. The objectives of this research are to develop a membrane-based platform for the generation of free radicals, degrade toxic organic compounds using this and similar solution-based reactions, degrade toxic organic compounds in droplet form, quantify hydroxyl radical production in these reactions, and develop kinetic models for both processes. In this study, a functionalized membrane containing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was used to immobilize iron ions and conduct free radical reactions by permeating H2O2 through the membrane. The membrane’s responsive behavior to pH and divalent cations was investigated and modeled. The conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) in the membrane and its effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide were monitored and used to develop kinetic models for predicting H2O2 decomposition in these systems. The rate of hydroxyl radical production, and hence contaminant degradation can be varied by changing the residence time, H2O2 concentration, and/or iron loading. Using these membrane-immobilized systems, successful removal of toxic organic compounds, such as pentachlorophenol (PCP), from water was demonstrated. Another toxic organic compound of interest for water treatment applications is trichloroethylene (TCE). Due to its limited solubility in water, a majority of the TCE is often present in the form of droplets. In this study, effective TCE droplet degradation using chelate-modified, iron-catalyzed free radical reactions at near-neutral pH was demonstrated. In order to predict the degradation of aqueous and non-aqueous phase TCE for these reactions, a mathematical model was constructed through the use of droplet mass transfer correlations and free radical reaction kinetics

Recurrent breast cysts

Romak R. P. Recurrent breast cysts. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):91-95. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19222http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A91-95https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/577101http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19222Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 21.04.2015. Revised 28.05.2015. Accepted: 30.06.2015. Recurrent breast cystsRomak R. P.Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine Abstract The purpose of the study to determine the frequency of recurrence of breast cysts. The study was conducted on the basis of Odessa regional clinical hospital (Odessa, Ukraine). Medical records of 300 records of patients treated at the hospital in 2010-2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The analysis of frequency of recurrent cysts as well as the main trends in the choice of methods of diagnosis and treatment was conducted.The average age of patients was 38,3 ± 0,7 years. In order to use diagnostic mammography (33.5%), ultrasound investigation (50.5%), a combination of ultrasound and mammography (16.0%). The diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration puncture, which is performed under visual control at 20.5%, under ultrasound guidance - in 79.5% of patients. The recurrence rate was 41.5%, in 3.0% of cases have been repeated relapses. Sectoral resection is considered to be a treatment of choice for recurrent breast cysts. Key words: breast cysts, diagnosis, surgery

Genetics of breast tumors: achievements and perspectives

This study was aimed to assess the genetic determinants of the breast tumors. There was shown that genetic predisposition to breast cancer is caused by multiple genes, allelic variants which lead to the low risk of the disease, but with a high frequency in the population represented. These genes may act together, providing a multiplier effect. Identification of additional genes of hereditary predisposition to breast cancer and elucidate the role of variants of known genes is an important task, but no less important, and determine the nature of the interaction between genetic determinants

Liver morphological changes and proinflammatory cytokines in experimental animals in case of cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis is one of the acute problems of modern hepatology that develops in case of long-term chronic hepatitis. It is known that cytokines play an important role in controlling an adaptive response to chronic toxic damage.After the morphological examination of the hepatic tissue and of the proinflammatory cytokine system in case of experimental cirrhosis it was established the prominent immune response to acute inflammation at early stage as well as pro-inflammatory interleukins level significant increase. The further pathomorphological examination showed a minor involution of the pathological process, the immune response was also slightly inhibited in comparison to the previous period.

Bilateral Vallecular Cysts as a Cause of Dysphagia: Case Report and Literature Review

Cysts of the vallecula are rare, accounting for 10.5% to 20.1% of all laryngeal cysts. Vallecular cysts may present with diverse symptoms affecting the voice, airway, and swallowing. We describe the evaluation and treatment of a 70-year-old woman who presented with dysphagia caused by large bilateral vallecular cysts

Platelet-rich plasma as a chance of recovery for liver cirrhosis patient

The search for pathogenetic methods for treating cirrhosis of the liver continues. One of the promising areas of regenerative medicine is the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Due to numerous publications on the efficacy of PRP in conditions of abnormal liver damage in the experiment, the work is devoted to the study of the possibility of manufacturing PRP from the blood of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) for the purpose of proposals for further clinical use. The study included 12 men suffering from CP-class B-C (average grade by ChildPugh classification - 8.8) at the age of 45 ± 2.2 years. The comparison group consisted of 5 healthy men at the age of 44 ± 1.8 years. All men measured blood platelets in accordance with the usual method. The manufacture of PRP was carried out according to the scheme, which includes the collection of blood from the elbow vein in a 9 ml syringe-flask, which contains an anticoagulant. The collected blood in the same test tube is centrifuged in two stages: on the first - within 12` at a speed of 4000 rpm. Then the formed plasma, namely, from the supernatant layer, is recruited into another tube without an anticoagulant and treated in a centrifuge for 15` at a speed of 3600 rpm. After the removal of poor plasma platelets, the final product - a PRP aggregate in the volume of 0.3 ml - is obtained, which is used for the next determination of platelet count using an automated hemo-analyzer. In patients with LC, both thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis were observed. In the PRP, the increase in the total platelet count was 2.2-2.4 times, both in baseline thrombocytopenia and in baseline thrombocytosis, due to the absence of the mean platelet count and the platelet distribution width. In the control group male, the average increase in the number of platelets was 3.37 times, in the absence of significant changes in the mean platelet count and platelet distribution width. The fact is that the use of autologous PRP in patients with LC is likely to be ineffective. In the presence of initial thrombocytopenia - there is no possibility to reach a "critical" quantity of 1 million G/L, which is necessary for the implementation of regenerative potential of PRP. Concomitant presence of morpho-functional defects of these platelets practically makes it impossible for such a method of protection/regeneration of liver parenchyma in patients with lC. In patients with LC there is a moderate increase in the concentration of platelets in the manufacture of PRP by standard method; therefore, it is necessary to find new methods for obtaining PRP for autologous use

Algorithm for the diagnosis and prognosis of benign proliferative breast diseases

Цель данного исследования — разработка алгоритма диагностики и прогнозирования течения доброкачественных пролиферативных заболеваний молочной железы. Показано, что у женщин с локальными формами доброкачественной дисплазии молочной железы целесообразно определять содержание метилированных ДНК генов DKK4 и GSR. При значении содержания метилированных ДНК гена GSR менее 17,8 % и гена DKK4 менее 33,7 % риск возникновения рака молочной железы является низким. При обнаруженном высоком риске развития рака молочной железы пациентку необходимо раз в полгода обследовать с применением УЗИ и раз в год проводить маммографическое исследование. У женщин старше 40 лет исследования интенсивности метилирования генов DKK4 и GSR целесообразно проводить во всех случаях возникновения опухолей молочной железы, при наличии наследственной предрасположенности и других факторов риска.Proliferative breast disease include benign dysplasia and breast cancer. Today there are known models for evaluating the risk of breast cancer in women including the most popular models Gail and Claus, as well as less known model BRCAPRO, BOADICEA and Guzick–Tyrer’s. These models mainly based on analysis of family history of the disease and is not suitable for assessing recurrence or other complications of breast benign dysplasia

Modern methods of prognostication of the recurrences occurrence after surgical reatment of the mammary gland benign tumors

Оцінені сучасні схеми прогнозування рецидивів після хірургічного лікування доброякісних пухлин (ДП) грудної залози (ГЗ). За даними ретроспективного дослідження, частота виникнення рецидивів протягом 5-річного періоду спостереження становила 2,3%. Під час проспективного спостереження рецидиви після попереднього лікування виникли у 12 (24,0%) хворих за філоїдної гістологічної структури пухлини. Рецидиви ДПГЗ відзначали переважно у жінок-носіїв мутантних алелей за поліморфізму rs8190924 гена GSR та АА rs3763511 гена DKK4. Проте, підстав вважати ризик рецидивування абсолютно генетично детермінованим немає, відношення шансів для цих видів поліморфізму становило 12,0, (довірчий інтервал – ДІ 95% 0,8 – 14,9).Moderm schеmes of the recurrences predicting after surgical treatment of benign tumors of mammary gland (BTMG) were estimated. In accordance to data of retrospective investigation obtained, the recurrences occurrence rate through a five–year period of observation have constituted 2.3%. While doing prospective observation, the recurrences after treatment have occurred in 12 (24.0%) patients, suffering phylloid histologic form of tumor. The BTMG recurrences were noted predominantly in women–carriers of mutant alleles with polymorphism rs8190924 of gene GSR and АА rs3763511– of gene DKK4. Nethertheless, there are no data, which confirm the recurrence occurrence risk to be considered genetically determinated, the possibilities ratio for this kind of polymorphism have costituted 12.0 (trustworthy interval 95% 0.8 – 14.9)

Epigenetic regulation of the cell proliferation in benign breast dysplasia

Метою дослідження була оцінка активності метилування генів GSHR та DKK4 у хворих на фіброзно-кистозну мастопатію. Середні значення активності метилування гену GSHR у пацієнток з РМЗ є значно вищими ніж у хворих на фіброзно-кистозну мастопатію (відповідно 51,6±2,5% й 4,9±1,1%). Активність метилування гену DKK4 у тканинах доброякісних новоутворень перевищує нормальну активність у 5-9 разів (із урахуванням 95% довірчого інтервалу), а при інвазивному раку молочної залози – у 15-25 разів. Перспективи подальших досліджень пов’язані із дослідженням ролі епігенетичних маркерів проліферації у прогнозуванні перебігу ДДМЗ.Целью исследования была оценка активности метилирования генов GSHR и DKK4 у больных фиброзно - кистозной мастопатией. Средние значения активности метилирования гена GSHR у пациенток с РМЖ значительно выше, чем у больных фиброзно - кистозной мастопатией (соответственно 51,6 ± 2,5 % и 4,9 ± 1,1 %). Активность метилирования гена DKK4 в тканях доброкачественных новообразований превышает нормальную активность в 5-9 раз (с учетом 95 % доверительного интервала), а при инвазивном раке молочной железы - в 15-25 раз. Перспективы дальнейших исследований связаны с исследованием роли эпигенетических маркеров пролиферации в прогнозировании течения ДДМ

Морфологические изменения печени и провоспалительного звена системы цитокинов при экспериментальном циррозе у животных

Актуальною проблемою сучасної гепатології є цироз, якому зазвичай передує тривалий процес хронічного гепатиту. Відомо, що важливою складовою контролю протікання процесів адаптивної відповіді на хронічне токсичне ураження є система цитокінів. В результаті дослідження морфології тканини печінки та прозапальної ланки системи цитокінів при експериментальному цирозі було з’ясовано, що на початковій стадії цирозу в крові експериментальних тварин спостерігалась картина активної імунної відповіді на запалення – суттєве підвищення рівнів прозапальних цитокінів. У наступний термін спостерігалась незначна інволюція процесу, разом з тим імунна відповідь дещо пригнічувалась у порівнянні з попереднім терміном.Liver cirrhosis is one of the acute problems of modern hepatology that develops in case of long-term chronic hepatitis. It is known that cytokines play an important role in controlling an adaptive response to chronic toxic damage. After the morphological examination of the hepatic tissue and of the proinflammatory cytokine system in case of experimental cirrhosis it was established the prominent immune response to acute inflammation at early stage as well as pro-inflammatory interleukins level significant increase. The further pathomorphological examination showed a minor involution of the pathological process, the immune response was also slightly inhibited in comparison to the previous period.Одной из актуальных проблем современной гепатологии является цирроз, который часто развивается вследствие длительного процесса хронического гепатита. Известно, что важной составляющей контроля протекания процессов адаптивного ответа на хроническое токсическое поражение является система цитокинов. В результате исследования морфологии ткани печени и провоспалительного звена системы цитокинов при экспериментальном циррозе было выявлено, что на начальной стадии цирроза в крови экспериментальных животных наблюдалась картина активного иммунного ответа на воспаление – существенное повышение уровней провоспалительных цитокинов. В последующем наблюдалась незначительная инволюция процесса, вместе с тем иммунный ответ несколько угнетался в сравнении с предыдущим сроком наблюдения