Leisure as a Space for Inclusion and the Improvement of Life Satisfaction of Immigrants

Immigration has increased as a transnational phenomenon in Europe in recent years. A total of 2.4 million people migrated to one of the EU-28 Member States during 2018 as discussed by Eurostat (2020). This new reality presents us with new challenges, barriers, and paradigms of intervention. In this context, leisure has become one of the most important tools for the inclusion of this population and the development and strengthening of civic values that are essential in these times of constant mobility and social and cultural hybridization as discussed by Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin (2006). The aim of this study was to analyze the role of leisure in processes related to inclusion, improvement of life satisfaction, and those related to covering the needs of migrants. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used which was administered to 373 people from different countries of origin in the Basque Country (Northern Spain). The variables under study were participation in leisure activities, needs covered, life satisfaction, and perception of inclusion. The results indicate that the participation of these people in leisure activities and free time, their inclusion in the territory, and their perceived life satisfaction are all low, while their needs (physical, psychological, educational, social, relaxation, physiological, and artistic) are not satisfactorily covered. Furthermore, the extent to which their needs are covered, strength of the social network, inclusion, and life satisfaction all show a correlation with free time and engagement in leisure activities.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was supported by the KideOn Research Group of the Basque Government, Ref.: IT1342-19 (A category)

El deseo nacional : la gramática del surgimiento de los sujetos nacionales

353 p.El nacionalismo vasco de finales del siglo XIX producto del deseo nacional, será en gran medida la respuesta a un sentimiento de injusticia derivado de una serie de ataques políticos externos a la comunidad. Como consecuencia directa, se intentaría transformar una estructura política relativamente estable que ya existe, en otra más moderna que respondería a los criterios de un canon nacional instaurado internacionalmente. La nación sería en este sentido, el producto de un deseo nacional que surgiría de un capital etnocultural ancestral, que es activado en clave nacional ante una violencia constitutiva (Bowman, 2001, 2003) que procede del exterior de la comunidad

El deseo nacional : la gramática del surgimiento de los sujetos nacionales

353 p.El nacionalismo vasco de finales del siglo XIX producto del deseo nacional, será en gran medida la respuesta a un sentimiento de injusticia derivado de una serie de ataques políticos externos a la comunidad. Como consecuencia directa, se intentaría transformar una estructura política relativamente estable que ya existe, en otra más moderna que respondería a los criterios de un canon nacional instaurado internacionalmente. La nación sería en este sentido, el producto de un deseo nacional que surgiría de un capital etnocultural ancestral, que es activado en clave nacional ante una violencia constitutiva (Bowman, 2001, 2003) que procede del exterior de la comunidad

Teaching Minority Languages in Multiethnic and Multilingual Environments: Teachers’ Perceptions of Students’ Attitudes toward the Teaching of Basque in Compulsory Education

The literature reveals the difficulty of teaching minority languages in multiethnic and multilingual regions. Studies about teachers’ perceptions when instructing a minority language might help stakeholders to design interventions to overcome this problem. The first aim of this study was to describe teachers’ perceptions of type of issues, student complaints, and behaviors when teaching in Basque. The second aim was to state whether there is any relation between the origin of the students, the teachers’ working experience, and working region with the occurrence of issues, type of complaints in class, and the role of students’ parents. The data for this study were collected using an online questionnaire answered by 197 teachers. A descriptive analysis of the answers was performed using SPSS® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Chi-square analyses were conducted to study the relation between variables. Results indicate that teachers believe Basque is sometimes undermined in their teaching practice, but no difference is perceived between local and migrant students. Conversely, regarding teachers’ views, negative attitudes toward Basque are mostly influenced by students’ families. This provides evidence to encourage education stakeholders to design better lessons involving the teaching of Basque

El papel de los medios de comunicación en situaciones de crisis sanitaria. La percepción de la población en torno al control y las normas sociales durante la pandemia del COVID-19

Introduction: This study focuses on the analysis of the perception on the roles of mass media during the health crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic. It also studies how people adopt specific roles oriented towards the legitimation and implementation of control and social norms. Methodology: A questionnaire was designed based on a set of Likert type answers responded by 704 people from different regions in Spain. Data were analyzed using SPSS software package. Results: Results indicate that sex and age are determining variables in the legitimation and implementation of social control between peers. Results also indicate that there is a relationship between the way people perceive the role of media and their predisposition to abide by and exercise social norms and control. Discussion and conclusions: Both the literature and obtained data show that there is a relationship between the role of media in situations of social alarm and health crisis, and the processes of construction and legitimation of cosmovisions of “reality” derived from disinformation, hoaxes and noise information.Introducción: El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis de la percepción de la población en torno al papel desempeñado por los medios de comunicación durante la crisis sanitaria derivada de la pandemia del COVID-19, y cómo las personas adoptan determinados roles orientados a la legitimación e implementación del control y las normas sociales. Metodología: Para la consecución del mismo, se diseñó y distribuyó una encuesta de tipo Likert que fue respondida por 704 personas de distintas regiones del Estado español. Los datos han sido posteriormente analizados mediante la herramienta de análisis estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Los resultados indican que el sexo y la edad fueron variables determinantes en la legitimación e implementación del control social entre iguales durante el confinamiento. Los resultados también han puesto en relieve la relación existente entre la forma en la que las personas perciben el rol de los medios de comunicación y su predisposición a acatar y ejercer el control y las normas sociales. Discusión y conclusiones: Tanto la literatura como los datos obtenidos para la realización del presente estudio, muestran la conexión existente entre el rol desempeñado por los medios de comunicación en situaciones de alarma social y de crisis sanitaria, y los procesos de construcción y legitimación de cosmovisiones de la “realidad” derivadas de la desinformación, los bulos y los ruidos informativos