The Coming of Legal Specialization

A great debate rages across the ranks of the legal profession about the need to regulate claims by lawyers that they are specialists in particular fields of practice. Members of our profession express outrage when another lawyer lists himself under the anti- trust or tax headings in the Yellow Pages complaining that that lawyer calls them when he needs anti-trust or tax advice. Lawyers profess astonishment when they see an advertisement by another attorney cataloguing a number of fields in which that attorney practices. They ask how could any person-much less a lawyer who advertises-be a specialist in so many fields. Having registered such objections, practitioners then demand that our disciplinary rules do something about lawyers who so deceive the public and bring such disrepute to our profession. In short, we ask for regulation of legal specialization. We say it is needed in order to serve the public interest

Carnival\u27s Dance of Death: Festivity in the Revenge Plays of KYD, Shakespeare, and Middleton

Through four hundred years of accumulated disparaging comments from critics, revenge plays have lost much of the original luster they possessed in early modern England. Surprisingly, scholarship on revenge tragedy has invented an unfavorable lens for understanding this genre, and this lens has been relentlessly parroted for decades. The conventional generic approach that calls for revenge plays to exhibit a recurring set of concerns, including a revenge motive, a hesitation for the protagonist, and the revenger’s feigned or actual madness, imply that these plays lack philosophical depth, as the appellation of revenge tends to evoke the trite commonalities which we have created for the genre. This dissertation aims to rectify the provincial views concerning revenge tragedies by providing a more complex, multivalent critical model that makes contemporary the outmoded approaches to this genre. I argue that Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of carnival, and the ways in which it engages with new historical interpretations of early modern drama, functions as a discursive methodology to open up more creative interpretative possibilities for revenge tragedy. Carnival readings expose gaps in new historicism’s proposed systems of omnipresent power, which deny at every turn the chance for rebellion and individuality. Rather than relegating carnival to an occasional joke, quick aside, or subplot, revenge plays explore carnivalesque concerns, and revengers plot their vengeance with all the aspects of a carnival. In these plays, revengers define subjectivity in terms of the pleasure-seeking, self-serving urges of unofficial culture; negotiations for social change occur in which folk culture avoids a repressive, hierarchal order; and carnival play destabilizes courtly systems that track, classify, pigeonhole, and immobilize individuals

Why We Fought : America\u27s Wars in Film and History

Film moves audiences like no other medium; both documentaries and feature films are especially remarkable for their ability to influence viewers. Best-selling author James Brady remarked that he joined the Marines to fight in Korea after seeing a John Wayne film, demonstrating how a motion picture can change the course of a human life—in this case, launching the career of a major historian and novelist. In Why We Fought: America’s Wars in Film and History, editors Peter C. Rollins and John E. O’Connor explore the complexities of war films, describing the ways in which such productions interpret history and illuminate American values, politics, and culture. This comprehensive volume covers representations of war in film from the American Revolution in the 18th century to today’s global War on Terror. The contributors examine iconic battle films such as The Big Parade (1925), All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), From Here to Eternity (1953), and Platoon (1986), considering them as historical artifacts. The authors explain how film shapes our cultural understanding of military conflicts, analyzing how war is depicted on television programs, through news media outlets, and in fictional and factual texts. With several essays examining the events of September 11, 2001, and their aftermath, the book has a timely relevance concerning the country’s current military conflicts. Jeff Chown examines controversial documentary films about the Iraq War, while Stacy Takacs considers Jessica Lynch and American gender issues in a post-9/11 world, and James Kendrick explores the political messages and aesthetic implications of United 93. From filmmakers who reshaped our understanding of the history of the Alamo, to Ken Burns’s popular series on the Civil War, to the uses of film and media in understanding the Vietnam conflict, Why We Fought offers a balanced outlook— one of the book’s editors was a combat officer in the United States Marines, the other an antiwar activist—on the conflicts that have become touchstones of American history. As Air Force veteran and film scholar Robert Fyne notes in the foreword, American war films mirror a nation’s past and offer tangible evidence of the ways millions of Americans have become devoted, as was General MacArthur, to “Duty, honor, and country.” Why We Fought chronicles how, for more than half a century, war films have shaped our nation’s consciousness. Peter C. Rollins is Regents Professor Emeritus of English and American Film Studies at Oklahoma State University and is former editor of the journal Film & History. He is the coeditor of numerous books, including Hollywood’s Indian: The Portrayal of the Native American in Film. John E. O’Connor is professor emeritus of the Federated Department of History at New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University. He is also a founding editor of Film & History and the coeditor of several books. “Why We Fought is not only a thoughtful reading of war films and history, but it is a significant contribution to scholarship. Understanding why we fight is more relevant today than ever before since Americans continue to explore their national identity, their country, and themselves.”—Michael K. Schoenecke, coeditor of All-Stars and Movie Stars: Sports in Film and History Although it is sometimes waged for selfish and extraneous ends, warfare is fundamental to developing human cultures. Regardless of its end, warfare continues to be depicted in documentaries and analyzed more in the imagination than on the battlefield. Battles that are re-created on the stage and silver screen depict the motivations, actual experiences, and consequences of combat. . . . This penetrating collection of essays by two of the best editors of history and film looks deeply into movies\u27 interpretations of why we have fought and examines the ways in which war has been presented to us. --Ray B. Browne, Professor of Popular Culture, Emeritus, Bowling Green State University Peter C. Rollins and John E. O\u27Connor have compiled a historically sound, inclusive, and diverse, interdisciplinary portrait of American wars in film. Each essay has its own bibliography, and the ending filmography is nothing short of superb. Technically and conceptually, this book is, perhaps, the most powerful of its kind produced to date, and it will doubtlessly be lauded as a breakthrough in the studies of war films. --Robert C. Doyle, author of Voices from Captivity: Interpreting the American POW Narrative “This wide-ranging and sophisticated anthology incorporates a broad spectrum of analytical perspectives that establish major film treatments of America’s wars in cinematic and historical contexts, while demonstrating the synergistic relationships between the two approaches.”—Dennis Showalter, Patton and Rommel: Men of War in the Twentieth Century “A useful addition to an academic, arts, or film library, this book covers films based on every war fought by the United States.” --Xpress Reviews Rollins and O’Connor’s finished product is a great resource. It is chronologically organized, and uses a variety of mediums and types of analysis. This collection provides an appropriately complete illustration of how war has been depicted and its role in understanding American history. --David R. Buck, southwestjournalofcultures.blogpsot.com Rollins and O’Connor have assembled a rich, varied collection of essays that explore all US wars in order, from the American Revolution to Iraq. Essential. --R. D. Sears, Choice Not only will you learn a lot about the movies, but you’ll also re-examine the context of the film’s creation. . . . A fascinating book. --Book Bit for WTBF- AM/FM These outstanding essays provide proof of the war film genre’s lasting legacy in American history and cinema. --History News Network, hnn.us “The book takes on depictions of every conflict from the American Revolution to September 11 and its aftermath, showing how films have shaped America’s understanding of its history.” --Colloquy “An excellent compilation of essays on war films.” --VVA Veteran Rollins and O’Connor have provided a starting point with which to analyze the influence of wars and conflicts in movies, documentaries, and television shows. --On Point The methodology is to examine a particular film, a pair of films or series to explore the reasons given for having to fight it, the portrayal of combat, and the other political and social implications. --NYMAS Named as a Choice Outstanding Academic Titles. Winner of the 2008 Ray and Pat Browne Award.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_film_and_media_studies/1023/thumbnail.jp

Hollywood\u27s White House: The American Presidency in Film and History

Winner of the 2003 Ray and Pat Browne Book Award, given by the Popular Culture Association The contributors to Hollywood’s White House examine the historical accuracy of these presidential depictions, illuminate their influence, and uncover how they reflect the concerns of their times and the social and political visions of the filmmakers. The volume, which includes a comprehensive filmography and a bibliography, is ideal for historians and film enthusiasts. The essays are supported by numerous sources that provide some good leads . . . the chronological filmography will come in handy. Recommended. -- Library Journal This well-written book, with contributions by both film critics and historians, is an interesting study of the real presidency and the reel presidency. -- USA Today Magazine An excellent example of the American theater. . . . We are the audience. We will be a much more informed audience after reading the essays in this book. -- Ray Browne, Journal of American Culture A scholarly examination of the portrayal of the American presidency in film. -- Choice Winner of the 2004 Ray and Pat Browne Award given by the Popular Culture Association.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_american_popular_culture/1005/thumbnail.jp

Hollywood\u27s Indian: The Portrayal of the Native American in Film

Offering both in-depth analyses of specific films and overviews of the industry\u27s output, Hollywood\u27s Indian provides insightful characterizations of the depiction of the Native Americans in film. This updated edition includes a new chapter on Smoke Signals, the groundbreaking independent film written by Sherman Alexie and directed by Chris Eyre. Taken as a whole the essays explore the many ways in which these portrayals have made an impact on our collective cultural life. Raises interesting issues and challenges readers to consider the complex realities of American Indian cultures and Indian/non-Indian relations that major motion pictures often fail to communicate. -- American Graduate Important and groundbreaking work. -- Bookman News Enables readers to construct a cinematic chronology of the Hollywood Indian and to comprehend the larger cultural forces at work interpreting the Indian-white past on screen. -- Choice Rollins and O’Connor have skillfully blended a variety of thoughtful veiwpoints. -- Chronicles of Oklahoma A collection of quality essays, put together by two of the leading experts in this particular topic area. -- Communication Booknotes Quarterly Hollywood\u27s representation of Indians is a subject which up till now has generated a lot more heat than light. This welcome new collection of essays covers a lot of ground . . . including a valuable piece on Michael Mann\u27s The Last of the Mohicans and earlier versions of Cooper\u27s \u27Leatherstocking Tales,\u27 a surprisingly and convincingly sympathetic essay on Dances with Wolves , and an informative account of Pocahontas . -- Edward Buscombe Will become the standard source for reference for an important subject, not only in American contemporary popular culture, but for evolving attitudes in a new century. -- Film and History The essays provide valuable ways to think about the meaning and impact of Hollywood\u27s portrayal of American Indian characters. -- Great Plains Quarterly Offers an engaging and timely update to previous critical anthologies. -- H-Net Book Review An engaging and timely update to previous critical anthologies. -- Journal of American Culture The value of this collection resides in the concentrated attention it gives to the portrayal of Native Americans on film. -- Journal of American Ethnic History The essays are solid pieces that place the films in a proper historical and artistic context. -- Journal of American History The essays add to the growing literature on films about American Indians, and individually, they provide interesting insights into the process of movie-making and viewing. -- North Carolina Historical Review A welcome contribution to the lively and timely debate on the representation of ethnic minorities in the media. -- Zeitscrift fur Anglistik und Amerikanistik An excellent set of essays on the subject. -- Choicehttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_film_and_media_studies/1022/thumbnail.jp

The Challenge of Blocking Malvertising

This poster invited Research Days attendees to learn more about malvertising--the practice of hiding malicious code within online advertisements--and the challenges of detecting and preventing it

Alaska’s discovery portal : an example of sharing polar information

Alaska’s geographic location places it at the forefront of research activity and information gathering about the Arctic and the changing environment of the Polar Regions. To facilitate sharing such information with the residents of the state, the Alaska Discovery Portal uses an integrated approach to retrieve materials from for-profit publishers, vetted websites, Alaska’s Digital Archives, open access resources such as the University of Alaska’s Institutional Repository, online topical Research Guides, and more. By licensing resources for all Alaska residents, the Discovery Portal can do what Google and other search engines cannot—pass through pay walls put in place by commercial publishers. Using whaling in the Arctic as an example, this presentation will demonstrate the wide variety of formats for different audiences that can be retrieved, and the interdisciplinary nature of those formats. From contemporary to historical, locating scholarly or newspaper articles, or multimedia, photographs, drawings, maps, or web resources in disciplines that span geography, ecology, and anthropology to name just a few, are possible through the Discovery Portal. This unique resource, available to anyone in Alaska with an internet connection from home, school, or library, is helping to bridge the digital information gap across the state. The cooperative efforts that created and developed Alaska’s Discovery Portal, how it is maintained and by whom, both financially and in terms of ongoing input of materials, along with suggestions for implementing a similar network in other locations will be discussed.publishedVersio

Steady Hall Magnetohydrodynamics Near a X-type Magnetic Neutral Line

Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) properties near a two-dimensional (2D) X-type magnetic neutral line in the steady state are considered via heuristic and rigorous developments. Upon considering the steady-state as the asymptotic limit of the corresponding \textit{time-dependent} problem and using a rigorous development, Hall effects are shown to be able to sustain the hyperbolicity of the magnetic field (and hence a more open X-point configuration) near the neutral line in the steady state. The heuristic development misses this subtle connection of the steady state with the corresponding \textit{time-dependent} problem and predicts only an elongated current-sheet configuration (as in resistive MHD). However, the heuristic development turns out to be useful in providing insight into the lack of dependence of the reconnection rate on the mechanism breaking the frozen-in condition of the magnetic field lines. The latter result can be understood in terms of the ability of the ions and electrons to transport equal amounts of magnetic flux per unit time out of the reconnection region.Comment: 1-10 page

Challenges for Routine Health System Data Management in a Large Public Programme to Prevent Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in South Africa

Background: Recent changes to South Africa's prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) guidelines have raised hope that the national goal of reducing perinatal HIV transmission rates to less than 5% can be attained. While programmatic efforts to reach this target are underway, obtaining complete and accurate data from clinical sites to track progress presents a major challenge. We assessed the completeness and accuracy of routine PMTCT data submitted to the district health information system (DHIS) in three districts of Kwazulu-Natal province, South Africa. Methodology/Principal Findings: We surveyed the completeness and accuracy of data reported for six key PMTCT data elements between January and December 2007 from all 316 clinics and hospitals in three districts. Through visits to randomly selected sites, we reconstructed reports for the same six PMTCT data elements from clinic registers and assessed accuracy of the monthly reports previously submitted to the DHIS. Data elements were reported only 50.3% of the time and were “accurate” (i.e. within 10% of reconstructed values) 12.8% of the time. The data element “Antenatal Clients Tested for HIV” was the most accurate data element (i.e. consistent with the reconstructed value) 19.8% of the time, while “HIV PCR testing of baby born to HIV positive mother” was the least accurate with only 5.3% of clinics meeting the definition of accuracy. Conclusions/Significance: Data collected and reported in the public health system across three large, high HIV-prevalence Districts was neither complete nor accurate enough to track process performance or outcomes for PMTCT care. Systematic data evaluation can determine the magnitude of the data reporting failure and guide site-specific improvements in data management. Solutions are currently being developed and tested to improve data quality