Demodulator for carrier transducers

A carrier type transducer is supplied with a carrier wave via an audio amplifier, a filter, a frequency divider, and an oscillator. The carrier is modulated in accordance with the parameter being measured by the transducer and is fed to the input of a digital data system which may include a voltmeter. The output of the oscillator and the output of each stage of the divider are fed to an AND or a NAND gate and suitable variable and fixed delay circuits to the command input of the digital data system. With this arrangement, the digital data system is commanded to sample at the proper time so that the average voltage of the modulated carrier is measured. It may be utilized with ancillary circuitry for control of the paramete

Inexpensive automatic ranging for digital voltmeters and frequency counters

Seven integrated circuits incorporated at very low cost into frequency counters and digital voltmeters performing a voltage-to-frequency conversion permit automatic range changing. Extra decades are switched into and out of the counting chain as a function of the counter during the previous counting period

Deflection circuit monitors force on object under water

Capsule containing samples for radiation testing is guided under through a seal to an exact position within a nuclear reactor. A Linear Variable Differential Transformer /LVDT/ flexplate deflection circuit monitors the force on the capsule as it is positioned within the reactor

Electronic skewing circuit monitors exact position of object underwater

Linear Variable Differential Transformer /LVDT/ electronic skewing circuit guides a long cylindrical capsule underwater into a larger tube so that it does not contact the tube wall. This device detects movement of the capsule from a reference point and provides a continuous signal that is monitored on an oscilloscope

A Quality Approach to Qualitative Content Analysis: Similarities and Differences Compared to Other Qualitative Methods

Qualitative content analysis is a method that shares many of the unique attributes associated with all qualitative research methods. These shared attributes extend to a key consideration in all qualitative research designs, i.e., the integration of quality concepts at each step of the research process. In this article I discuss one such approach, the total quality framework. With this framework at hand, researchers can think about quality in qualitative research regardless of the qualitative method, including qualitative content analysis. For example, quality constructs associated with sampling, researcher effects, and data verification in qualitative content analysis are not unlike those in the in-depth interview, focus group, or observation method. There are, however, a few quality considerations distinctive to the qualitative content analysis method, such as the definition of "data" and the necessary thick description associated with the two-phase, eight-step qualitative content analysis process. In this article I discuss the similarities and differences between the qualitative content analysis method and other qualitative methods from a quality perspective; specifically, the total quality framework.Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ist eine Methode, die viele der spezifischen Merkmale qualitativer Forschung mit anderen qualitativen Forschungsmethoden gemeinsam hat. Darunter fällt nicht zuletzt auch ein zentraler Gesichtspunkt qualitativer Designs, nämlich die Berücksichtigung von Überlegungen zu Gütekriterien in jeder Phase des Forschungsprozesses. In diesem Beitrag gehe ich auf einen solchen Ansatz genauer ein, das sog. Total Quality Framework. Mit diesem Ansatz können Forscher_innen Überlegungen zur Güte ihrer Forschung anstellen; dies gilt für die Anwendung der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wie auch für andere qualitative Methoden. Gütekriterien, wie sie beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit Stichprobenziehung, Forscher_inneneffekten und der Verifikation der Daten für die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse diskutiert werden, sind durchaus mit den Gütekriterien anderer Methoden vergleichbar. Es gibt jedoch einige für die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse spezifische qualitätsbezogene Überlegungen, z.B. die Festlegung dessen, was Daten sind sowie die notwendige dichte Beschreibung im Zusammenhang des zweiphasigen und achtstufigen Auswertungsprozesses. In diesem Beitrag stelle ich Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse und anderen qualitativen Methoden aus der Perspektive eines spezifischen Ansatzes zur Bewertung der Güte qualitativer Forschung dar, nämlich dem Ansatz des Total Quality Framework

Analysis of recreational land and open space using ERTS-1 data

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Proposal for a study of computer mapping of terrain using multispectral data from ERTS-A for the Yellowstone National Park test site

The author has identified the following significant results. A terrain map of Yellowstone National Park showed plant community types and other classes of ground cover in what is basically a wild land. The map comprised 12 classes, six of which were mapped with accuracies of 70 to 95%. The remaining six classes had spectral reflectances that overlapped appreciably, and hence, those were mapped less accurately. Techniques were devised for quantitatively comparing the recognition map of the park with control data acquired from ground inspection and from analysis of sidelooking radar images, a thermal IR mosaic, and IR aerial photos of several scales. Quantitative analyses were made in ten 40 sq km test areas. Comparison mechanics were performed by computer with the final results displayed on line printer output. Forested areas were mapped by computer using ERTS data for less than 1/4 the cost of the conventional forest mapping technique for topographic base maps

Grown organic matter as a fuel raw material resource

An extensive search was made on biomass production from the standpoint of climatic zones, water, nutrients, costs and energy requirements for many species. No exotic species were uncovered that gave hope for a bonanza of biomass production under culture, location, and management markedly different from those of existing agricultural concepts. A simulation analysis of biomass production was carried out for six species using conventional production methods, including their production costs and energy requirements. These estimates were compared with data on food, fiber, and feed production. The alternative possibility of using residues from food, feed, or lumber was evaluated. It was concluded that great doubt must be cast on the feasibility of producing grown organic matter for fuel, in competition with food, feed, or fiber. The feasibility of collecting residues may be nearer, but the competition for the residues for return to the soil or cellulosic production is formidable

Automatic Synonym Discovery with Knowledge Bases

Recognizing entity synonyms from text has become a crucial task in many entity-leveraging applications. However, discovering entity synonyms from domain-specific text corpora (e.g., news articles, scientific papers) is rather challenging. Current systems take an entity name string as input to find out other names that are synonymous, ignoring the fact that often times a name string can refer to multiple entities (e.g., "apple" could refer to both Apple Inc and the fruit apple). Moreover, most existing methods require training data manually created by domain experts to construct supervised-learning systems. In this paper, we study the problem of automatic synonym discovery with knowledge bases, that is, identifying synonyms for knowledge base entities in a given domain-specific corpus. The manually-curated synonyms for each entity stored in a knowledge base not only form a set of name strings to disambiguate the meaning for each other, but also can serve as "distant" supervision to help determine important features for the task. We propose a novel framework, called DPE, to integrate two kinds of mutually-complementing signals for synonym discovery, i.e., distributional features based on corpus-level statistics and textual patterns based on local contexts. In particular, DPE jointly optimizes the two kinds of signals in conjunction with distant supervision, so that they can mutually enhance each other in the training stage. At the inference stage, both signals will be utilized to discover synonyms for the given entities. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework

Integrating social and health services for people, communities, homes, and places

The challenge of an ageing population requires a paradigmatic shift in the way we provide social and healthcare services, demanding the need to prioritize the functionality and independence of older adults. The risk and subsequent fear of falling is one of the most high-risk states for older adults, as it generates a destabilizing effect on their health that is often hard to recover. It is essential to thoroughly address their risk factors and mitigators. This discussion needs to be made in light of a person-centered perspective that goes beyond fragilities to capitalize on the strengths of the older adults. The chapter provides examples of how to connect assessment, interventions, and monitoring to a coherent framework approach that mitigates the risks and the impact of falls on an ageing society. The authors explore how technological innovation, urban planning, and regional policies that are culturally relevant can be incorporated in creating a circular economy while meeting the needs of an aging population and preventing falls and cognitive decline