Multicomponent systems with cyclodextrins and hydrophilic polymers for the delivery of Efavirenz

AbstractEfavirenz (EFZ) is one of the most used drugs in the treatment of AIDS and is the first antiretroviral choice. However, since it has low solubility, it does not exhibit suitable bioavailability, which interferes with its therapeutic action and is classified as a class II drug according Biopharmaceutical Classification System (low solubility and high permeability). Among several drug delivery systems, the multicomponent systems with cyclodextrins and hydrophilic polymers are a promising alternative for increasing the aqueous solubility of the drug. The present study aimed to develop and characterize in a ternary system of EFZ, MβCD and PVP K30. The results showed that the solid ternary system provided a large increase in the dissolution rate which was greater than 80% and was characterized by DSC, TG, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The use of the ternary system (EFZ, MβCD and PVP K30 1%) proved to be a viable, effective and safe delivery of the drug. The addition of the hydrophilic polymer appeared to be suitable for the development of a solid oral pharmaceutical product, with possible industrial scale-up and with low concentration of CDs (cyclodextrins)

Development and validation of a HPLC analytical assay method for efavirenz tablets: a medicine for HIV infections

O efavirenz é um inibidor não análogo de nucleosídeo da transcriptase reversa, utilizado no tratamento da infecção por HIV. Um método simples, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, foi desenvolvido e validado para quantificação do efavirenz em comprimidos. O desenvolvimento do método levou em consideração as características físico-químicas do efavirenz. O método foi validado seguindo os parâmetros da USP 29. A análise foi realizada por meio de detector ultravioleta, utilizando um comprimento de onda de 252 nm, com coluna de fase reversa (C18, 250 mm x 3.9 mm, 10 μm) e fase móvel isocrática contendo acetonitrila/água/ácido ortofosfórico (70: 30: 0.1). Os critérios usados para validação foram: seletividade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez e limites de detecção e quantificação do método. Foi utilizado método estatístico em todas as etapas do processo de validação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o método é uma alternativa para quantificação do efavirenz em comprimidos, tornando viável seu uso na rotina industrial e laboratórios analíticos.Efavirenz is a reverse transcriptase non analog nucleoside inhibitor used to treat HIV infections. A simple assay method by high performance liquid chromatography was developed and validated for efavirenz tablets. The physical chemical characteristics of efavirenz were investigated to developing the method. The method was validated observing the parameters described in USP 29. Analyses were performed by an ultraviolet detector at a 252 nm wavelength, on a reverse-phase column (C18, 250 mm x 3.9 mm, 10 μm), using an isocratic mobile phase containing acetonitrile/water/orthophosphoric acid (70:30:0.1). The validation parameters used were: selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, detection and quantification limits, and all resulting data were treated by a statistical method. The results obtained confirmed an alternative assay method for efavirenz tablets adequate for routine industrial use

Desenvolvimento e avaliação in vitro de comprimidos a base do antichagásico benznidazol

This work aimed to verify the interferences caused by the use of excipients for immediate release tablets based on benznidazole obtained by direct compression and the accomplishment of a comparative study between the tablets developed and the reference medicine RochaganTM, obtained by wet granulation. Seven small-scale batches (SSB) were developed and aspects such as compressibility, powder flow, mean weight, friability, disintegration, hardness, assay, content uniformity, kinetic of release in vitro (dissolution) and drug/excipients physical-chemical compatibility were evaluated. Based on the obtained results it can be verified that the analyzed powders presented adequated characteristics for the direct compression process, beyond the inexistent evidence of a physical-chemical interaction between the drug and the tested excipients. The tablets obtained from SSB I and III were chosen for the comparative study with the reference medicine, demonstrating similarity with the statistically treated obtained results, becoming an alternative option of a medicine product for the treatment of Chagas' disease with reduced cost and satisfactory quality.O trabalho teve como objetivo a verificação das possíveis interferências dos excipientes utilizados na obtenção do comprimido de liberação imediata à base de benznidazol por meio do processo de compressão direta e realização de estudo comparativo entre os comprimidos obtidos e o medicamento de referência Rochagan®, obtido por meio da granulação por via úmida. Sete lotes de bancada (LB) foram produzidos e aspectos, tais como compressibilidade, fluxo do pós, peso médio, friabilidade, desintegração, dureza, teor, dissolução, uniformidade de conteúdo, cinética de liberação in vitro (dissolução) e compatibilidade físico-química fármaco/excipiente foram avaliados. Diante dos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que os pós analisados apresentaram características adequadas para o processo da compressão direta, além da comprovação da não existência de interação de natureza físico-química entre o fármaco e os excipientes testados. Os comprimidos obtidos a partir do LB I e III foram escolhidos para o estudo comparativo frente ao medicamento de referência, demonstrando semelhança com os resultados observados, tratados estatisticamente. Torna-se, assim, uma alternativa para a produção de medicamento destinado ao tratamento da doença de Chagas com um custo reduzido e qualidade satisfatória

Benznidazole

The conformation of the title compound [systematic name: N-benzyl-2-(2-nitro­imidazol-1-yl)acetamide], C12H12N4O3, can be described in terms of the relative orientation of three planar fragments, the imidazol group (A), benzyl group (B), and the acetamide fragment (C), with corresponding dihedral angles: A/C = 88.17 (4), B/C = 67.12 (5) and A/B = 21.11 (4)°. The crystal packing is enhanced by a network of strong inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para determinação simultânea de lamivudina, zidovudina e nevirapina em comprimidos dose-fixa combinada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

An analytical method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine in the fixed-dose combination film-coated tablet by high performance liquid chromatography, in accordance with RE No. 899/2003, National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. It was based on an isocratic elution system with a potassium phosphate buffer pH 3.0: acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) mobile phase, C18, 250 x 46 mm column, 10µm particle size, λ 270 nm. The statistically evaluated results have shown that the method is specific, precise, accurate, and robust, ensuring the analytical safety of 3TC, AZT and NVP determination, which emerges as a new therapeutic alternative for antiretroviral treatment

New alternative analytical to quantify the anti-leprosy drug dapsone by UV spectrophotometry

Dapsone is the drug of choice for leprosy treatment. Despite the existence of previous analytical methods, this study aimed to develop a new analytical alternative for dapsone quantification by UV spectrophotometry. Since the pharmacopeial method uses methanol, a toxic solvent, the method was developed using first dilution in ethanol (500 μg/mL) and second dilution in water (5 μg/mL), with quantification in 295 nm. For validation, the specificity was confirmed by quantification of degraded samples using the developed method in comparison with a second analytical technique (HPLC-DAD). The proposed method proved to be specific, linear, precise, accurate and robust, with analytical low cost and toxicity, besides presenting operational ease.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Development and Evaluation of Stability of a Gel Formulation Containing the Monoterpene Borneol

Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpenoid alcohol commonly used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. It is extracted from the essential oil of various medicinal plants. It has antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory action proven in studies that used oral and intraperitoneal applications of this monoterpene in mice. The current study was designed to develop a topical gel formulation containing the monoterpene borneol using carbopol as gel base and to evaluate its stability. The prepared formulation was subjected to physical characterization and physical-chemistry assessment. The gel was prepared from carbopol and 5% of borneol. The prepared gel was subjected to pharmacotechnical tests such as its pH, viscosity, conductivity, spreadability, centrifugation, and accelerated stability with freezing-thaw cycle. The borneol was successfully incorporated into the carbopol formulation. Borneol gel (BG5) showed good stability after eight months of its development and after 12 days in the freeze-thaw cycle, not showing statistical difference in pH value, conductivity, and viscosity before and after test. Furthermore, the formulation showed a good spreadability. Therefore, it was concluded that the formulation could be very promising alternative for the topical or transdermal treatment of skin diseases