Association between the pandemic and its impact on the mental health of immigrants: systematic review and meta-analysis / Associação entre a pandemia e o seu impacto sobre a saúde mental dos imigrantes: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Some populations are more susceptible to developing mental health disorders. One of these populations is immigrants. The study aimed to establish an association between the pandemic and the impact on the mental health of immigrants. This is a systematic review with meta-analysis carried out using Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE sources. The results showed that the immigrant population is more susceptible to the development of mental changes in the pandemic period when compared to other groups. There is a moderate association (0.80) with a confidence interval of 0.70 to 0.90. Some risk factors can be identified, but there is still a significant lack of primary data, which encourages further observational studies

Comparing Intramedullary Nailing, External Fixation, and External Fixation followed by Intramedullary Nailing as management for open fractures of the tibial shaft: a Systematic Review

Background: The treatment of open fractures of the tibial shaft is often a dilemma since it requires particular caution and individual assistance for each case. Methods and Findings: Systematic review of the literature was conducted on the following databases: PubMed and VHL from 2000 to 2013 aiming to compare Intramedullary Nailing (IM Nailing), External Fixation (EF), and EF followed by IM Nailing in the treatment of open fractures of the tibial shaft. After analysis by inclusion criteria 24 articles met the eligibility criteria. The healing time was under 32 weeks, and the nonunion and defective healing rates were under 13.35% and 16.6%, respectively. The infection rate ranged from 3% to 53% for patients treated with EF as definitive management; from 0% to 22% for those treated with IM Nailing as definitive management; and from 0% to 16.7% for those who underwent EF followed by IM Nailing. Conclusion: The cases treated with EF as definitive management presented shorter healing time as for the analyzed samples. The nonunion cases with greater percentages were those of EF followed by IM Nailing. The studies using IM Nailing as definitive management presented more healing cases defective. Even though few studies analyze hospital stay, it was found to be shorter in the sample treated with EF as definitive management.Â

Hope And Pediatric Cancer

Pediatric cancer is rare when compared to the incidence of cases in adults. In Brazil it is the second largest cause of death by disease in children and adolescents. Cancer is a life-altering disease that brings with it fear, disbelief, anger, uncertainty, devastation, at the time it is diagnosed. In childhood cancer, diagnosis extends to the whole family. The diagnosis brings psychological and social changes in family dynamics and needs emotional support, discussion of possible therapies and possible death. Hope comes, bringing with it a meaning in illness, contributing positively to a better adaptation and adherence to treatment and consequently the quality and the prospect of life. Hope has been shown as a positive factor when facing this new reality. However there are few studies dealing with this issue

Direito à saúde nas populações de refugiados: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise / Right to health in refugee populations: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Objetivo: avaliar evidências acerca da garantia dos direitos à saúde das populações de refugiados no mundo. Fontes de dados: foram utilizados os seguintes bancos de dados: MEDLINE, acessado via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), e SCOPUS. Com a finalidade de realizar uma pesquisa mais segura e direcionada, os autores optaram pelo uso reunir todos os descritores (MeSH) usando o operador AND da seguinte forma: (Refugees AND Right to health AND human rights). Seleção de estudo: A seleção primária ocorreu pela análise dos títulos e abstracts/resumos seguida da elegibilidade baseada nos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Extração de dados: algumas informações foram extraídas dos estudos como autor / ano, tipo de participantes e seus respectivos números, tipos de intervenções, número de sessões ou tempo de acompanhamento e resultados. Resultados: As estratégias de pesquisa resultaram em 241 artigos. Com o uso subsequente dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 10 estudos foram inseridos na amostra (n) e incluídos por razões qualitativas e quantitativas. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o programa Stata 14.0 em que foi calculado a meta-análise pelo método de efeitos aleatórios, metarregressão para analisar associação entre as variáveis analisadas e metabias para análise de viés dos resultados apresentados.Os gráficos gerados foram respectivamente Forest Plot, Bublle Plot. Conclusão: A falta de acesso à informação, a língua, a cultura e o estranhamento do país são fatores que contribuem para a precarização da saúde do refugiado e dificulta o seu acesso a ela.

Produtos biofarmacêuticos no tratamento de doenças mentais: revisão sistemática com meta-análise / Biopharmaceutical products in the treatment of mental diseases: systematic review with meta-analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: A Medicina popular vem sendo utilizada no tratamento de diversas doenças, incluindo as mentais há bastante tempo. O desenvolvimento dessa poderosa ferramenta pode trazer inúmeros benefícios ao mundo, melhorando a forma de tratar pessoas acometidas de doenças mentais. OBJETIVO: Averiguar por meio de pesquisas de banco de dados sistemáticas, transparentes e reprodutíveis, evidências relevantes sobre produtos biofarmacêuticos avaliando sua equivalência para identificar sua eficácia e segurança quando comparados a drogas químicas no tratamento de doenças mentais. METODOLOGIA: Uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise foi realizada nos bancos de dados PubMed, Scopus e ScienceDirect. A busca foi elaborada com o descritor "doenças mentais" e com as palavras-chave "produtos biofarmacêuticos" e "biomoléculas". RESULTADOS: O gráfico da meta-análise mostra o efeito positivo no uso das substâncias mencionadas em doenças mentais com um efeito final de 5.12 (3.46 - 6.78), sendo este um resultado significante para os dados analisados com = 0.049. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, os compostos naturais relatados vem sendo utilizados, há muitos anos, no tratamento de doenças mentais, o que confirma sua potencial atividade como produto biofarmacêutico

Negative impacts of the adaptation process linked to local cultural stress levels in immigrants and development of psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Current studies underline and enable the international scientific community to reflect on migrant needs to restart, mostly without fluency in the language from the country of destination, without a way of proving his/her knowledges and abilities, with an incomplete family core, without cultural references that until that moment defined him/her as belonging to a specific group, with defined and meaningful habits, full of symbolic representations. Iams Conduct an analysis on the implications of migration in refugees’ mental health, and the link between these implications and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Method Indexed journals in MEDLINE and LILACS databases hosted in Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), as well as papers hosted in Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Periodicals Portal. Searches were carried using the following DeCS descriptors: “Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic”, "Refugees” e “Mental Health”. Results The 10 studies included in the present review were carried in Australia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Turkey, Uganda, Israel, South Korea and Papua New Guinea, and were published in 2014 (2), 2015 (6), and 2017 (2). Regarding the subject, 50% of the articles concentrate information regarding PTSD and mental health problems, while the remaining half deals with psychosocial effects of mass conflict on refugees. Meta-analysis concludes that a considerable percentage of refugees suffer from psychiatric disorder, I-squared (variation in ES attributable to heterogeneity) = 96,46%; Estimate of between-study variance Tau^2= 0.02. Test of ES=0 : z= 17.75 p= 0.00. Conclusion Exposure to traumatic events such as public executions and other extreme acts of violence, murder of family members, family and friends’ death due to starvation, homelessness, are closely related to PTSD prevalence in refugees. Acculturation and family’s prolonged estrangement are predictors of depressive symptoms in refugees and both exposure to a new culture and adaptation to new laws and norms of welcoming countries act as stressors and aggravators of depressive symptoms. &nbsp

Multicomponent systems with cyclodextrins and hydrophilic polymers for the delivery of Efavirenz

AbstractEfavirenz (EFZ) is one of the most used drugs in the treatment of AIDS and is the first antiretroviral choice. However, since it has low solubility, it does not exhibit suitable bioavailability, which interferes with its therapeutic action and is classified as a class II drug according Biopharmaceutical Classification System (low solubility and high permeability). Among several drug delivery systems, the multicomponent systems with cyclodextrins and hydrophilic polymers are a promising alternative for increasing the aqueous solubility of the drug. The present study aimed to develop and characterize in a ternary system of EFZ, MβCD and PVP K30. The results showed that the solid ternary system provided a large increase in the dissolution rate which was greater than 80% and was characterized by DSC, TG, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The use of the ternary system (EFZ, MβCD and PVP K30 1%) proved to be a viable, effective and safe delivery of the drug. The addition of the hydrophilic polymer appeared to be suitable for the development of a solid oral pharmaceutical product, with possible industrial scale-up and with low concentration of CDs (cyclodextrins)

Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação e Seu Impacto no Convívio Familiar / Information and Communication Technologies and Their Impact on Family Life

Information and communication technology has been changing the way people relate to one another. Specifically, in the family environment, the practices of interaction as family members relate to one another also have changed. The aim of this work is to analyze family behavior with the use of information and communication technologies. In order to identify the aspects related to the influence of information and communication technologies, a survey was carried out with 20 people applied in the form of a questionnaire to understand the participants, the impacts of these technologies and how they affect the life of the members of the family, with issues, such as how conversations between people have changed with the presence of technology and the impact of technology on the parent-son relationship. As a result, 100% of users believe that information and communication technologies have affected their lives at least slightly and only 10.5% reported that they reported that the use of information and communication technologies does not affect the parent-son relationship

Uma Revisão Sistemática Sobre o Desenvolvimento de Ferramentas de Apoio a Língua de Sinais / A Systematic Review of the Development of Sign Language Support Tools

Várias pessoas possuem deficiência auditiva e a presença de intérpretes para linguagem de sinais em tempo real para todas as oportunidades de comunicação ainda é escarça. Para ajudar a resolver esse problema, vários estudos foram realizados e outros estão sendo desenvolvidos, objetivando o desenvolvimento de ferramentas para auxiliar na interpretação da linguagem de sinais para facilitar a comunicação de pessoas acometida por esta deficiência com indivíduos que não sabem se comunicar por meio da linguagem gestual. Nesse sentido, o uso de tecnologias voltadas para o público de pessoas surdas, torna-se uma forma de incluir essas pessoas cada vez mais na sociedade. Pensando nisso, este estudo realiza uma revisão sistemática sobre o desenvolvimento de ferramentas para o apoio a linguagem de sinais. Como resultado, foram identificados 31 trabalhos classificados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão.

Entrevistas narrativas: um importante recurso em pesquisa qualitativa

Objetivo Este estudio es un aporte metodológico en que se explica y destaca el alcance y la fertilidad de la entrevista narrativa en la investigación cualitativa. Método Describir el método de la narrativa en la investigación cualitativa. Resultados El método de investigación cualitativa se caracteriza por abordar las cuestiones relacionadas con las singularidades del campo y de las personas encuestadas, siendo las entrevistas narrativas un método potente para uso de los investigadores que toman posesión de ella. Permiten que la profundización de la investigación, la combinación de historias de vida con los contextos socio-históricos e la comprensión de los sentidos que producen cambios en las creencias y valores que motivan y justifican las acciones de los posibles informantes. Conclusion El uso de la narrativa se presenta un recurso de investigación ventajosa en la investigación cualitativa, la narrativa es una forma tradicional de comunicación cuyo objetivo es servir contenido a partir de la que se pueden transmitir las experiencias subjetivas.Objetives This methodological study explain and emphasize the extent and fertility of the narrative interview in qualitative research. Methods To describe the narrative method within the qualitative research. Results The qualitative research method is characterized by addressing issues related to the singularities of the field and individuals investigated, being the narrative interviews a powerful method for use by researchers who aggregate it. They allow the deepening of research, the combination of life stories with socio-historical contexts, making the understanding of the senses that produce changes in the beliefs and values that motivate and justify the actions of possible informants. Conclusion The use of narrative is an advantageous investigative resource in qualitative research, in which the narrative is a traditional form of communication whose purpose is to serve content from which the subjective experiences can be transmitted.Objetivo Este trabalho consiste numa contribuição metodológica em que se explicitam e se enfatizam o alcance e a fecundidade da entrevista narrativa no âmbito da investigação de natureza qualitativa. Método Descrever o método da narrativa no âmbito da investigação qualitativa. Resultados O método qualitativo de pesquisa caracteriza-se por abordar questões relacionadas às singularidades do campo e dos indivíduos pesquisados, sendo as entrevistas narrativas um método potente para uso dos investigadores que dele se apropriam. Elas permitem o aprofundamento das investigações, a combinação de histórias de vida com contextos sócio–históricos, tornando possível a compreensão dos sentidos que produzem mudanças nas crenças e valores que motivam e justificam as ações dos informantes. Conclusão As narrativas mostram-se muito úteis em estudos de abordagem qualitativa, uma vez que a narratividade é uma forma artesanal de comunicação cujo objetivo é veicular conteúdos a partir dos quais as experiências subjetivas podem ser transmitidas