Analysis of the Influence of Power System Diversion on the Optimal Supply Strategy of Renewable Power Plants

This paper presents an analysis of the influence of power system deviation prediction on the bidding strategy of renewable generation units in spot markets. The optimal bid that a renewable generator makes is subject to the best possible forecast at the time it submits the energy bid to the spot market, which is usually between 12–36 hours in advance of the time of delivery. With these lead times, renewable generators have to assume a significant volume risk in relation to the difference that may occur between the energy finally delivered and the energy previously committed for their participation in the market, since deviations from the committed energy will be valued at the deviations price. In this sense, the analysis carried out in this work shows that the prices of deviations are highly influenced by the energy needs to be raised or lowered by the system at the time of delivery. In other words, in the event that the deviation of the renewable generator goes against the system, the generator will generally have a higher penalty, having to assume the cost of the energy deviation at a price higher than the spot market price. On the other hand, if the plant’s deviation benefits the system, the penalty will be significantly lower (and sometimes even zero). The proposed analysis methodology develops the formulation of the expected benefit of the plant obtained through its participation in the spot market and subsequent settlement of the deviations. This formulation includes the modeling of the effect of the system deviation on the plant’s profits, which allows to satisfactorily identify the influence of the prediction of this variable on the optimal offer strategy. This methodology has been tested for the case of a wind farm operating in the Spanish market. For this purpose, real data of forecasts and final production of the wind farm have been used, as well as real data of the spot market, prices of the balancing service and real deviation of the system, which has allowed to verify in totally realistic conditions the importance of the prediction of the direction of deviation of the system in the optimal bidding. In this way, it will be possible to establish new optimal bidding strategies that focus efforts on advanced prediction techniques for this variable, which will result in greater benefits for wind power plants for their participation in the energy markets.

Guía de observación para identificar indicadores de modus operandi y huella psicológica en la escena de un delito sexual

Curso de Especial InterésEn este trabajo se tuvo como objetivo diseñar una guía de observación para identificar los indicadores de modus operandi y huella psicológica en la escena del crimen de un delito sexual. La principal ventaja de esta es que, al intentar generar un acercamiento al perfil criminal desde la huella psicológica, se realiza de manera más asertiva, lo que permite generar un acercamiento preciso siendo útil para cualquier investigación en este caso enfocada al delito sexual.Justificación 1. Marco teórico 2. Marco legal 3. Marco ético 4. Metodología 5. Resultados Conclusiones ReferenciasPregradoPsicólog

The Effect of the Spanish Nuclear Phase-out on the Electricity Market

Portugal and Spain are integrated into what is known as the Iberian Electricity Market. Spain participates in this market with significant contribution of energy produced by nuclear plants. In 2022, nuclear energy accounted for 22 % of the total energy generated in Spain. Nuclear power plants sell their energy largely through bilateral contracts, and approximately 20 % is offered in the day-ahead electricity market. By 2035, Spain will phase-out nuclear power producing a structural change of its generation mix. In this paper, we investigate the effect on the day-ahead Iberian electricity market that the gradual removal of nuclear power plants will have on the daily electricity market. The methodology is based on a ceteris paribus approach, where generation conditions are modified by removing nuclear plants and keeping the rest of the variables constant (demand and other generation). Under these conditions, the market is reproduced, estimating how electricity prices change in the day-ahead electricity market. To evaluate the market electricity prices under this new scenario with a total or a partial elimination of nuclear energy generation, it is necessary to use a market model. The existing literature shows various approaches to replicate the electricity market, among which are agent-base modelling, optimization algorithms, artificial intelligence techniques or metaheuristic merit-order methods. Our approach is based on the latter methods, by using actual generation and demand data, the new market generation and demand curves are reconstructed and the new clearing price is obtained. For the most conservative scenario, the results show a price increase of more than 5 % for the first 6 months of 2021. The reason for this increase is that nuclear generation participates in the market by offering its energy at prices close to zero. When this generation is withdrawn, there is a shift to the left of the hourly generation curve producing a new market equilibrium at a point of higher price and lower energy

Profitability Assessment of Windfarm Overplanting in Spain

The efforts made by European institutions to decarbonise the electricity system over the last decade have led Spain to become the fifth country in the world in terms of wind power plant capacity in 2021. This major achievement is still far from being able to contain and limit CO2 emissions. By 2030, it is expected that, together with photovoltaic energy, Spain will reach 74 % of renewable generation in its electricity system. Wind technology is currently very mature in onshore wind farms and its relatively low cost makes this technology attractive to investors. However, the best wind sites were the first places to be occupied by the first turbine generations. On the other hand, newer wind farms occupy sites with less wind resource but have more efficient turbines. To improve the profitability of the wind farm and increase its production, the feasibility of other alternatives such as overplanting or storage is beginning to be investigated. Overplanting aims to optimise the use of the transmission system by increasing wind capacity above the transmission capacity limit. In this work, we measure the profitability of an overplanting strategy by quantifying the parameters that make profitable the investment. The developed model optimised the production of energy taking into account technical and financial parameters in order to cover a wide range of situations. We analysed the case of a specific site with 25 2 MW turbines with the Python tool PyWake. The results obtained show that for each new turbine the annual energy produced (AEP) grows by around 3.87 GWh per turbine added (a cut of 1.69 GWh due to congestion of the transmission system). The study shows improvements in profitability when the electricity price exceeds 70 €/MWh

MODELACIÓN DE LA PARTICIÓN DE LLUVIA EN ESPECIES ARBÓREAS Y ARBUSTIVAS DE CLIMA MEDITERRÁNEO

[EN] The study of rainfall interception by the vegetation canopy is of great importance in the water balance of watersheds, because much of the precipitation returns to the atmosphere as evaporation. This implies that only a percentage of the amount of rain precipitated during an event will be part of the flow of the basin, either as surface or groundwater flows. The aim of this work has been to study the Rutter and Gash interception models and to apply them to the predominant vegetation in the watershed of "The Cabril", Southern Spain, including: scrub, composed mostly of rockrose (Cistus ladanifer), and arboreal masses of pine trees (Pinus pinea). Gross rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were measured in these species over four years (from October 2010 to June 2014). The results show that the interception loss is higher in the pine stand (27% of gross rainfall) than in the cistus stand (17% of gross rainfall). The Rutter analytical model modified by Valente gave the best results, since the differences between the observed measures and the simulated measures were lower 2%.[ES] El estudio de la intercepción de la lluvia por el dosel de la vegetación es de gran importancia en el balance hídrico de las cuencas. Gran parte de la precipitación incidente vuelve a la atmósfera en forma de evaporación, esto implica que sólo un porcentaje de la cantidad de lluvia que cae durante un evento formará parte del caudal de la cuenca, ya sea como caudal superficial o subterráneo. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el estudio de los modelos de interceptación de Rutter y Gash y su aplicación a dos especies predominante en la vegetación de la cuenca de "El Cabril", en el sur de España, como son el matorral, compuesto en su mayoría de jaras (Cistus ladanifer) y el pino (Pinus pinea). Se midió la precipitación incidente, la trascolación y la escorrentía cortical en ambas especies durante cuatro años (entre octubre de 2010 y junio de 2014). Los resultados muestran que la pérdida de interceptación es mayor en el pino (29.6% de la precipitación incidente) que en la jara (17% de la precipitación incidente). El modelo analítico de Rutter modificado por Valente ofreció los mejores resultados, siendo las diferencias entre las medidas observadas y las simuladas inferiores al 2%.Pérez Arellano, R.; Serrano Gómez, A.; Roldan Cañas, J.; Moreno Pérez, M. (2015). MODELACIÓN DE LA PARTICIÓN DE LLUVIA EN ESPECIES ARBÓREAS Y ARBUSTIVAS DE CLIMA MEDITERRÁNEO. En XXXIII CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RIEGOS. Valencia 16-18 junio de 2015. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CNRiegos.2015.1434OC

Structure-based discovery and in vitro validation of inhibitors of chloride intracellular channel 4 protein

The use of computer-aided methods have continued to propel accelerated drug discovery across various disease models, interestingly allowing the specific inhibition of pathogenic targets. Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 4 (CLIC4) is a novel class of intracellular ion channel highly implicated in tumor and vascular biology. It regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis; and is involved in multiple pathologic signaling pathways. Absence of specific inhibitors however impedes its advancement to translational research. Here, we integrate structural bioinformatics and experimental research approaches for the discovery and validation of small-molecule inhibitors of CLIC4. High-affinity allosteric binders were identified from a library of 1615 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs via a high-performance computing-powered blind-docking approach, resulting in the selection of amphotericin B and rapamycin. NMR assays confirmed the binding and conformational disruptive effects of both drugs while they also reversed stress-induced membrane translocation of CLIC4 and inhibited endothelial cell migration. Structural and dynamics simulation studies further revealed that the inhibitory mechanisms of these compounds were hinged on the allosteric modulation of the catalytic glutathione (GSH)-like site loop and the extended catalytic β loop which may elicit interference with the catalytic activities of CLIC4. Structure-based insights from this study provide the basis for the selective targeting of CLIC4 to treat the associated pathologies

Discovery and Rational Mutagenesis of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Biocatalysts To Expand the Substrate Scope of the Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Sulfoxides

Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) enzymes have recently found applications as nonoxidative biocatalysts in the enantioselective kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides. This work describes the identification of selective and robust MsrA biocatalysts able to catalyze the enantioselective reduction of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic chiral sulfoxides at 8–64 mM concentration with high yields and excellent ees (up to 99%). Moreover, with the aim to expand the substrate scope of MsrA biocatalysts, a library of mutant enzymes has been designed via rational mutagenesis utilizing in silico docking, molecular dynamics, and structural nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. The mutant enzyme MsrA33 was found to catalyze the kinetic resolution of bulky sulfoxide substrates bearing non-methyl substituents on the sulfur atom with ees up to 99%, overcoming a significant limitation of the currently available MsrA biocatalysts

X chromosome inactivation does not necessarily determine the severity of the phenotype in Rett syndrome patients

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder usually caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. Since the MECP2 gene is located on the X chromosome, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) could play a role in the wide range of phenotypic variation of RTT patients; however, classical methylation-based protocols to evaluate XCI could not determine whether the preferentially inactivated X chromosome carried the mutant or the wild-type allele. Therefore, we developed an allele-specific methylation-based assay to evaluate methylation at the loci of several recurrent MECP2 mutations. We analyzed the XCI patterns in the blood of 174 RTT patients, but we did not find a clear correlation between XCI and the clinical presentation. We also compared XCI in blood and brain cortex samples of two patients and found differences between XCI patterns in these tissues. However, RTT mainly being a neurological disease complicates the establishment of a correlation between the XCI in blood and the clinical presentation of the patients. Furthermore, we analyzed MECP2 transcript levels and found differences from the expected levels according to XCI. Many factors other than XCI could affect the RTT phenotype, which in combination could influence the clinical presentation of RTT patients to a greater extent than slight variations in the XCI pattern