Causas por las cuales los niños del grado transición de la Institución Educativa San Isidro no se sienten atraídos por los espacios de organización de recursos didácticos existentes en el aula

El siguiente trabajo fue realizado en la Institución Educativa Rural San Isidro, en el grado de transición, dando respuesta a la pregunta: ¿Por qué los niños del grado transición no se sienten atraídos por los espacios de organización de recursos didácticos existentes en el aula? La investigación se desarrollo; primero indagando a los estudiantes, padres de familia y comunidad educativa su apreciación sobre el verdadero significado de la utilización de los espacios de organización de recursos didácticos, evidenciar por qué no se hace un buen uso de los lugares asignados y finalmente, se diseño una estrategia metodológica que permita direccionar adecuadamente los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el grado

Caracterización clínica y sociodemográfica de las personas ostomizadas en el Hospital Universitario San Jorge de Pereira en el año 2018

Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de las personas que fueron intervenidas quirúrgicamente de ostomías digestivas en el Hospital Universitario San Jorge de Pereira (HUSJ) durante el año 2018. Metodología: investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño observacional, de tipo descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se evaluaron 39 casos de usuarios que fueron atendidos en el Hospital San Jorge de Pereira durante el año 2018 por procesos clínicos relacionadas con estomas digestivos. La recolección de los datos se realizó de manera documental mediante fuente secundaria a través de las historias clínicas. Se utilizó un instrumento de recolección de datos elaborado por los investigadores, que contenía las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de interés. Resultados: la mayor parte de los usuarios atendidos eran de sexo masculino 56,4%; prevalecieron los usuarios que se encontraban en etapa adulta (29-59 años) 48,7% y los ancianos (>60 años) 41%. El 46,2% eran solteros, el 71,8% pertenecían al régimen subsidiado y el 89,7% provenían de la zona urbana. El diagnóstico más prevalente que indicó la realización de la ostomía digestiva fue el cáncer, en el 30,8% de la muestra, seguido de abdomen agudo 17,9% y obstrucción intestinal 17,9%. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue la hipertensión. El 53,8% de los usuarios recibió una ostomía de tipo descendente y el 79,5% de las ostomías fueron temporales. El 74,3% no presentó complicaciones. La complicación más frecuente fue la peritonitis en el 15,4% de los casos. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas entre el diagnostico que llevó a la intervención con: la etapa de vida (p=0,019), el régimen de salud (p=0,001), la presencia de hipertensión arterial (p=0,014), presencia de diabetes (p=0,012) y temporalidad de la ostomía (p=0,025). Conclusión: los usuarios fueron evaluados por un grupo interdisciplinar en la mayoría de los casos; sin embargo, los registros de la historia clínica no evidencian la actuación de algunos profesionales, sobre todo de enfermería

Guía de observación para identificar indicadores de modus operandi y huella psicológica en la escena de un delito sexual

Curso de Especial InterésEn este trabajo se tuvo como objetivo diseñar una guía de observación para identificar los indicadores de modus operandi y huella psicológica en la escena del crimen de un delito sexual. La principal ventaja de esta es que, al intentar generar un acercamiento al perfil criminal desde la huella psicológica, se realiza de manera más asertiva, lo que permite generar un acercamiento preciso siendo útil para cualquier investigación en este caso enfocada al delito sexual.Justificación 1. Marco teórico 2. Marco legal 3. Marco ético 4. Metodología 5. Resultados Conclusiones ReferenciasPregradoPsicólog

Characteristics of emergency medicine residency programs in Colombia

Q2Q1Artículo original1120-1127Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) is in different stages of development around the world. Colombia has made significant strides in EM development in the last two decades and recognized it as a medical specialty in 2005. The country now has seven EM residency programs: three in the capital city of Bogotá, two in Medellin, one in Manizales, and one in Cali. The seven residency programs are in different stages of maturity, with the oldest founded 20 years ago and two founded in the last two years. The objective of this study was to characterize these seven residency programs. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with faculty and residents from all the existing programs in 2013-2016. Topics included program characteristics and curricula. Results: Colombian EM residencies are three-year programs, with the exception of one four-year program. Programs accept 3-10 applicants yearly. Only one program has free tuition and the rest charge tuition. The number of EM faculty ranges from 2-15. EM rotation requirements range from 11-33% of total clinical time. One program does not have a pediatric rotation. The other programs require 1-2 months of pediatrics or pediatric EM. Critical care requirements range from 4-7 months. Other common rotations include anesthesia, general surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, radiology, toxicology, psychiatry, neurology, cardiology, pulmonology, and trauma. All programs offer 4-6 hours of protected didactic time each week. Some programs require Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Advanced Trauma Life Support, with some programs providing these trainings in-house or subsidizing the cost. Most programs require one research project for graduation. Resident evaluations consist of written tests and oral exams several times per year. Point-of-care ultrasound training is provided in four of the seven programs. Conclusion: As emergency medicine continues to develop in Colombia, more residency programs are expected to emerge. Faculty development and sustainability of academic pursuits will be critically important. In the long term, the specialty will need to move toward certifying board exams and professional development through a national EM organization to promote standardization across programs

Characteristics of Emergency Medicine Residency Programs in Colombia

Introduction: Emergency medicine (EM) is in different stages of development around the world. Colombia has made significant strides in EM development in the last two decades and recognized it as a medical specialty in 2005. The country now has seven EM residency programs: three in the capital city of Bogotá, two in Medellin, one in Manizales, and one in Cali. The seven residency programs are in different stages of maturity, with the oldest founded 20 years ago and two founded in the last two years. The objective of this study was to characterize these seven residency programs. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with faculty and residents from all the existing programs in 2013–2016. Topics included program characteristics and curricula. Results: Colombian EM residencies are three-year programs, with the exception of one four-year program. Programs accept 3–10 applicants yearly. Only one program has free tuition and the rest charge tuition. The number of EM faculty ranges from 2–15. EM rotation requirements range from 11–33% of total clinical time. One program does not have a pediatric rotation. The other programs require 1–2 months of pediatrics or pediatric EM. Critical care requirements range from 4–7 months. Other common rotations include anesthesia, general surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, radiology, toxicology, psychiatry, neurology, cardiology, pulmonology, and trauma. All programs offer 4–6 hours of protected didactic time each week. Some programs require Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Advanced Trauma Life Support, with some programs providing these trainings in-house or subsidizing the cost. Most programs require one research project for graduation. Resident evaluations consist of written tests and oral exams several times per year. Point-of-care ultrasound training is provided in four of the seven programs. Conclusion: As emergency medicine continues to develop in Colombia, more residency programs are expected to emerge. Faculty development and sustainability of academic pursuits will be critically important. In the long term, the specialty will need to move toward certifying board exams and professional development through a national EM organization to promote standardization across programs

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Riesgo de Feminicidio y trastorno por estrés postraumático en pacientes de un centro de salud mental comunitario de Trujillo, 2021

La presente investigación cuenta como objetivo general el determinar la relación que existe entre el riesgo de feminicidio y el estrés postraumático en pacientes de un centro de salud mental comunitario. Material y métodos: Para esto trabajó con un enfoque cuantitativo de la investigación de tipo no experimental, descriptivo, correlacional simple, de corte transversal, en una muestra de 27 mujeres que tuvieron algún antecedente de violencia de pareja quienes fueron atendidas en el Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario Frida Layza Cossio, de la ciudad de Trujillo. Se empleó la “Ficha de Valoración de Riesgo” para medir el riesgo de feminicidio y la Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático para medir su nivel de gravedad. Resultados: Se halló un coeficiente de correlación de 0.528 entre el riesgo de feminicidio y el trastorno por estrés postraumático en mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja con un nivel de significancia (0.000) adecuado. Y una asociación significativa (p= 0.02) mediante regresión logística entre riesgo de feminicidio y TEPT. Y un Odds ratio de 10.44. Conclusión: De modo que, se concluye que existe una correlación directa entre las variables estudiadas y que su fuerza de asociación es moderada. Por tanto, a mayor riesgo de feminicidio, es mayor el nivel de gravedad del Trastorno de Estrés postraumático y que niveles menores del primero, se correlacionan con niveles menores del segundo. También concluimos que un nivel alto de riesgo de feminicidio predice un nivel alto de TEPT. Y que un aumento de una categoría de riesgo de feminicidio hará que sea 10,44 veces más probable que el nivel de TEPT sea alto frente a que sea un nivel bajo.This research has as a general objective to determine the relationship between the risk of femicide and post-traumatic stress in patients of a community mental health center. Material and methods: For this, he worked with a quantitative approach to research of a non-experimental, descriptive, simple correlational, cross-sectional type, in a sample of 27 women who had some history of intimate partner violence who were treated at the Health Center. Community Mental Health Frida Layza Cossio, from the city of Trujillo. The ""Risk Assessment Sheet"" was used to measure the risk of femicide and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale to measure its level of severity. Results: A correlation coefficient of 0.528 was found between the risk of femicide and post-traumatic stress disorder in women victims of intimate partner violence with an adequate level of significance (0.000). And a significant association (p= 0.02) through logistic regression between risk of femicide and PTSD. And an odds ratio of 10.44. Conclusion: So, it is concluded that there is a direct correlation between the variables studied and that their strength of association is moderate. Therefore, the higher the risk of femicide, the higher the level of severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and lower levels of the first correlate with lower levels of the second. We also conclude that a high level of femicide risk predicts a high level of PTSD. And that an increase of a femicide risk category will make it 10.44 times more likely that the level of PTSD is high compared to a low levelTesi

Bioinspired amphipilic polymer conetworks

Error on title page. Date of award is 2023.Nature has developed materials with high toughness and strength, which is usually not possible in man-made materials. More recently bioinspiration has aided development of highly mechanically reinforced polymeric materials. Key properties of amphiphilic polymer conetworks (APCNs) include transparency and swellability in water and hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties are not high enough to be used in a wide range of applications where the key properties of these materials could otherwise be beneficial. In this thesis, several strategies to improve the mechanical properties of APCNs and extend their potential range of applications using different processing techniques are explored. Inspired by spider silk, we used triblock copolymers with peptidic repeating units, poly-β-benzyl-l-aspartate (PBLA), that form β-sheets and/or α-helices to tailor the properties of APCNs. The effect of varying the number of peptide repeating units and concentration of hydrophobic to hydrophilic domains were studied. Through this study, the created hydrogen bondings showed the possibility to tailor the properties of the material to different applications. As many natural structures use hierarchical reinforcement to provide greater resilience, a second level of reinforcement using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was also studied. A type of CNCs modified with hydrophobic moieties was explored to be used in the initial hydrophobic monomer mixture. The amount of solvent used during processing was studied as well as the reinforcement with up to 22 wt% CNCs. This work showed the possibility of a two-level hierarchical reinforcement of APCNs which gives the possibility to have high mechanical properties in the dry and swollen state. Finally, APCNs were used as a base material for the shell of double emulsion microcapsules prepared using LEGO® inspired glass capillary devices. Inspired by pollen grains, the hydration and dehydration of the capsules was studied to understand the suitability of these microcapsules for use in different media. The capsules were also loaded with platinum nanoparticles to study their catalytic effect when mixed with hydrogen peroxide. The surface functionalization of the capsules was studied by adding different moieties such as Cy5-PEG5000-cholesterol. This thesis systematically investigated the properties of APCNs, explored different enhancement strategies and developed a new type of APCNs, greatly enhancing the potential to tailor APCNs for a wider range of applications.Nature has developed materials with high toughness and strength, which is usually not possible in man-made materials. More recently bioinspiration has aided development of highly mechanically reinforced polymeric materials. Key properties of amphiphilic polymer conetworks (APCNs) include transparency and swellability in water and hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties are not high enough to be used in a wide range of applications where the key properties of these materials could otherwise be beneficial. In this thesis, several strategies to improve the mechanical properties of APCNs and extend their potential range of applications using different processing techniques are explored. Inspired by spider silk, we used triblock copolymers with peptidic repeating units, poly-β-benzyl-l-aspartate (PBLA), that form β-sheets and/or α-helices to tailor the properties of APCNs. The effect of varying the number of peptide repeating units and concentration of hydrophobic to hydrophilic domains were studied. Through this study, the created hydrogen bondings showed the possibility to tailor the properties of the material to different applications. As many natural structures use hierarchical reinforcement to provide greater resilience, a second level of reinforcement using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was also studied. A type of CNCs modified with hydrophobic moieties was explored to be used in the initial hydrophobic monomer mixture. The amount of solvent used during processing was studied as well as the reinforcement with up to 22 wt% CNCs. This work showed the possibility of a two-level hierarchical reinforcement of APCNs which gives the possibility to have high mechanical properties in the dry and swollen state. Finally, APCNs were used as a base material for the shell of double emulsion microcapsules prepared using LEGO® inspired glass capillary devices. Inspired by pollen grains, the hydration and dehydration of the capsules was studied to understand the suitability of these microcapsules for use in different media. The capsules were also loaded with platinum nanoparticles to study their catalytic effect when mixed with hydrogen peroxide. The surface functionalization of the capsules was studied by adding different moieties such as Cy5-PEG5000-cholesterol. This thesis systematically investigated the properties of APCNs, explored different enhancement strategies and developed a new type of APCNs, greatly enhancing the potential to tailor APCNs for a wider range of applications

Factores psicosociales asociados al estrés en profesores universitarios colombianos

Objective: to evaluate the psychosocial factors associated with stress in a sample of professors from a private Colombian university. Method: Correlational descriptive study of an intentional sample of 61 professors (age range 25 to 63 years, 65.6 % men). The patient’s health questionnaire PHQ-9, Generalized Anxiety Questionnaire GAD-7, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-14 and a questionnaire of psychosocial work factors were used. In addition, blood pressure measurements were taken. Results: 21.3 % of professors had significant levels of stress. There are more need to work at home, family-work and work-family interference in professors with stress, while control is lower. It should be noted that these teachers also have greater emotional symptoms. The final model showed that the need to work at home and the family - work interference explain 45.6 % of the variance in teachers’ work stress.Objetivo: evaluar los factores psicosociales asociados al estrés en una muestra de profesores de una universidad privada colombiana. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de una muestra intencional de 61 profesores (rango de edad 25 a 63 años; 65,6 % hombres). Se utilizaron el cuestionario de salud del paciente PHQ-9, Cuestionario de Ansiedad generalizada GAD-7, Escala de estrés percibido PSS-14 y un cuestionario sobre factores psicosociales laborales. Adicionalmente se midió la presión arterial. Resultados: El 21.3 % de los profesores presentan niveles significativos de estrés. Hay mayor necesidad de trabajar en casa, interferencia familia-trabajo y trabajo-familia en profesores con estrés, mientras que el control es menor. Cabe anotar que estos profesores también presentan mayor sintomatología emocional. El modelo final mostró que la necesidad de trabajar en casa y la interferencia familia–trabajo explican el 45,6 % de la varianza en el estrés laboral de los profesores

Diseño y construcción de laboratorios de física 1 en casa : Línea temática: Innovación pedagógica y didáctica

Este trabajo se pretende mostrar el diseño y construcción de prácticas de laboratorio de física 1 en casa. El proyecto se está llevando a cabo en el Politécnico Grancolombiano durante 2021-2022. La construcción de estos laboratorios se enmarca en el concepto de Laboratorios Vivos, y el diseño se fundamenta en la Investigación Basada en Diseño. Los resultados preliminares entregan una guía para la realización de una práctica de centros de mas a donde se obtienen montajes experimentales constituidos con elementos que se pueden encontrar en el entorno inmediato, una varilla de madera, cancamos, monedas,entre otros. En definitiva, esta propuesta permitirá realizar prácticas de laboratorio presenciales en casa, con materiales e instrumentos de medición de la vida cotidiana, realizando montaje experimental, medición de variables físicas, cálculos teóricos y validación experimental con instrumentos de medición específicos, donde se podrán comparar a través del cálculo de porcentaje de error