mplementar Untangle como harramienta gráfica para la configuración y gestión de los servicios de red en la empresa EDISA ( empresa de desarrollo de ingeniería S.A) Managua

La seguridad informática se enfoca en la protección de la infraestructura computacional y todo lo relacionado con esta. Para ello existen una serie de estándares, protocolos, métodos, reglas, herramientas y leyes concebidas para minimizar los posibles riesgos a la infraestructura de la red y a la información de la empresa. En la actualidad el principal problema que presentan las redes locales en las empresas y organizaciones, son las contantes invasiones de una gran cantidad de elementos dañinos para los equipos de cómputo como: virus, hackers, spam, etc, que perjudican el buen funcionamiento de nuestro sistema de red. La protección de la información y el control de acceso se ha convertido en uno de los elementos más importante dentro de una organización por lo que dicha seguridad informática debe ser administrada de acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por administradores y supervisores, evitando que usuarios tanto internos como externos puedan acceder a ella sin autorización

Is Liver Enzyme Release Really Associated with Cell Necrosis Induced by Oxidant Stress?

Hepatic diseases are a major concern worldwide. Increased specific plasma enzyme activities are considered diagnostic features for liver diseases, since enzymes are released into the blood compartment following the deterioration of the organ. Release of liver mitochondrial enzymes is considered strong evidence for hepatic necrosis, which is associated with an increased production of ROS, often leading to greater hepatic lipid peroxidation. Lipotoxic mediators and intracellular signals activated Kupffer cells, which provides evidence strongly suggesting the participation of oxidant stress in acute liver damage, inducing the progression of liver injury to chronic liver damage. Elevated transaminase activities are considered as an index marker of hepatotoxicity, linked to oxidant stress. However, a drastic increase of serum activities of liver enzyme markers ought not necessarily to reflect liver cell death. In fact, increased serum levels of cytoplasmic enzymes have readily been observed after partial hepatectomy (PH) in the regenerating liver of rats. In this regard, we are now showing that in vitro modifications of the oxidant status affect differentially the release of liver enzymes, indicating that this release is a strictly controlled event and not directly related to the onset of oxidant stress of the liver

DNA moves sequentially towards the nuclear matrix during DNA replication in vivo

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the interphase nucleus of metazoan cells DNA is organized in supercoiled loops anchored to a nuclear matrix (NM). There is varied evidence indicating that DNA replication occurs in replication factories organized upon the NM and that DNA loops may correspond to the actual replicons in vivo. In normal rat liver the hepatocytes are arrested in G0 but they synchronously re-enter the cell cycle after partial-hepatectomy leading to liver regeneration in vivo. We have previously determined in quiescent rat hepatocytes that a 162 kbp genomic region containing members of the albumin gene family is organized into five structural DNA loops.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the present work we tracked down the movement relative to the NM of DNA sequences located at different points within such five structural DNA loops during the S phase and after the return to cellular quiescence during liver regeneration. Our results indicate that looped DNA moves sequentially towards the NM during replication and then returns to its original position in newly quiescent cells, once the liver regeneration has been achieved.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Looped DNA moves in a sequential fashion, as if reeled in, towards the NM during DNA replication in vivo thus supporting the notion that the DNA template is pulled progressively towards the replication factories on the NM so as to be replicated. These results provide further evidence that the structural DNA loops correspond to the actual replicons in vivo.</p

Redox Reactions in the Physiopathology of the Liver

Electron fluxes are constant within cellular metabolism. Donating or accepting electrons, either naked or as hydrogen atoms, is one of the most important properties of bioenergetic networks. These redox reactions fulfill key physiological phenomena such as cellular growing, phenotypic differentiation, nutritional adaptations and redox‐dependent cellular signaling, but when they became unregulated, serious pathologies such as degenerative diseases and metabolic disorders arise. The liver being an important metabolic organ, redox reactions play a strategic role in its main functions: processing of nutrients, fasting response, xenobiotic managing and circadian activity. However, liver is also very sensitive to compounds that disturb redox state such as ethanol, CCl4, aflatoxins, among others, as well as to stressors such as hypercaloric diets, endocrine disruptors and stressful life situations. This chapter reviews concepts related to redox reactions in the liver, including metabolic aspects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prooxidant and antioxidant subcellular systems, alterations produced by hepatotoxins, adaptations to experimental surgical protocols such as portacaval anastomosis, and participation in cancer. It is out of question that for a better comprehension of the physiopathological events in the liver and other metabolic organs, the more complete understanding of the roles played by redox reactions will be a necessity

Protective effects of Spirulina maxima on hyperlipidemia and oxidative-stress induced by lead acetate in the liver and kidney

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity, specially affecting the liver and kidney. Previous studies have shown the antioxidant effect of <it>Spirulina maxima </it>in several experimental models of oxidative stress. The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of <it>Spirulina maxima </it>against lead acetate-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of male rats. Control animals were fed on a standard diet and did not receive lead acetate (Control group). Experimental animals were fed on a standard laboratory diet with or without <it>Spirulina maxima </it>5% in the standard laboratory diet and treated with three doses of lead acetate (25 mg each/weekly, intraperitoneal injection) (lead acetate with <it>Spirulina</it>, and lead acetate without <it>Spirulina </it>groups).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that <it>Spirulina maxima </it>prevented the lead acetate-induced significant changes on plasma and liver lipid levels and on the antioxidant status of the liver and kidney. On the other hand, <it>Spirulina maxima </it>succeeded to improve the biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney towards the normal values of the Control group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It was concluded that <it>Spirulina maxima </it>has protective effects on lead acetate-induced damage, and that the effects are associated with the antioxidant effect of <it>Spirulina</it>.</p

The regulatory framework for similar biotherapeutic products in Cuba

AbstractBiopharmaceuticals make up a significant proportion of medicinal products used for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiac dysfunctions and AIDS. Access to therapies based on the use of these products has been limited as a result of the high marketing costs. Cuba has a biopharmaceutical industry with great potential for innovation, capable of developing new products and to produce others, like the biosimilars destined to fulfill the needs of its National Health System. The Center for State Control on the Quality of Drugs (CECMED) the Cuban NRA, is facing the challenge of regulating the approval of biosimilar products manufactured locally. Consequently, CECMED has issued a position paper establishing the basic principles for regulation of these products and a specific guideline on this was elaborated

Modernización del Sistema Aduanero y su vinculación con la sociedad civil

Informe de investigación--Universidad de Costa Rica, Vicerrectoría de Acción Social, Trabajo Comunal Universitario. 2012. Para mayor información puede escribir a [email protected] documento es una guía a los agroexportadores para que conozcan información general sobre los formularios exigidos en el tema de exportación, tales como modernización del sistema aduanero costarricense, notificaciones previas, el compendio de leyes en materia aduanera, la inscripción como importador, entre otras. La información del presente documento se complementa con las presentaciones adjuntas en este fichero.Universidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU

Reflexiones desde el Desarrollo Regional

Capítulo 1: Rescatando el patrimonio cultural regional. Contenido: "Divulgación de las prácticas socioculturales relacionadas con la conservación, reproducción y usos que se da al cohombro (sicana odorifera) en diferentes comunidades de la Región de Occidente, Costa Rica" de Anyerline Marín Alfaro; "La fotografía como recurso documental para la reconstrucción visual de espacios históricos de San Ramón, Alajuela de 1890 a 1924" de María Verónica Solano Araya y Gustavo Fernández Jiménez. Capítulo 2: Estudios literarios reginales. Contenido: "Leolinda Daltro: Mujer, educadora e indigenista del siglo XIX" de Khellen Cristina Pires Correia Soares y Beleni Salete Grando; "Paratextualidad y discursos en 'Un viaje con Margareth'" de Yordan Arroyo Carvajal. Capítulo 3: Retos para el desarrollo desde lo regional. Contenido: "Estado de la situación de las microempresas en tres distritos del cantón de San Ramón, Alajuela" de Jeannette Morales Zumbado; "Capacidades de gobernanza e institucionalidad en los Consejos Cantonales de Coordinación Institucional" de Raúl Fonseca Hernández, Ana Cristina Quesada Monge y Ginnette Espinoza Palma; "Teorización de la propuesta de Desarrollo Humano Sostenible Local" de Ana Cristina Quesada Monge, Raúl Fonseca Hernández y María Fernanda Cortés Víquez. Capítulo 4: Medio ambiente y desarrollo. Contenido: "Gestión integrada del recurso hídrico (GIRH) y cambio climático en la parte alta de la microcuenca del río Poás, Alajuela (2019-2020)" de María José Chassoul Acosta, Ana Lorena Salmerón Alpízar y Rolando Alberto Marín León; "Estado de situación de las Organizaciones Comunitarias de Servicios de Agua y Saneamiento (OCSAS) en el cantón de San Ramón, Alajuela" de Adriana Muñoz Amores, Ana Carolina Méndez Montero y Jéssica Alejandra Mora Moya. Capítulo 5: Realidades socioeducativas. Contenido: "Competencias culturales en docentes y éxito académico en colegiales de diferentes orígenes étnico-culturales" de Carlos Yurán Chavarría Carranza; "Narrativas sexistas en el trap latinoamericano: Lenguaje, representaciones y apropiación" de Keylor Robles Murillo. Capítulo 6: En busca del bienestar de la población adulta mayor. Contenido: "La protección constitucional brasileña de la persona adulta mayor" de Juliana Mara Nespolo, Rodrigo Bordin y Maria de Lourdes Bernartt; "Danza, escritura y autobiografía en personas adultas mayores" de Andrea Molina Ovares y Damián Herrera González.El Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales busca, por medio de actividades académicas como coloquios internacionales, reunir a personas investigadoras de las sedes regionales de la Universidad de Costa Rica y de otras instituciones de educación superior a nivel nacional, regional e internacional, con el fin de propiciar encuentros de saberes que permitan compartir experiencias académicas e investigativas relacionadas con diversidad cultural y estudios regionales. Asimismo, gracias a su compromiso de contribuir en la comprensión y visibilización de los procesos culturales y los imaginarios regionales desde perspectivas inter, trans y multidisciplinarias para aportar al desarrollo integral de los distintos grupos humanos que conforman las sociedades actuales, realiza la divulgación de los hallazgos de este tipo de investigaciones, a través de publicaciones especiales. Es así como la presente publicación, derivada del VI Coloquio Internacional sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales desarrollado por el CIDICER en septiembre de 2021, compila trece artículos y ensayos, los cuales están organizados en seis capítulos que responden a diferentes áreas temáticasUniversidad de Costa Rica/[836-C0-723]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Occidente::Recinto San Ramón::Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER