Angiosperms additions to flora of Peru

Se da a conocer 131 nuevas adiciones de Angiospermas a la Flora Peruana procedentes principalmente del norte del Perú, Departamentos de Amazonas (Prov. Bagua y Condorcanqui) y Cajamarca (Prov. San Ignacio). Esta nueva contribución al conocimiento de la flora del país es el resultado del trabajo de campo y de herbario de los autores desde 1993 hasta el 2002, en un esfuerzo conjunto entre el Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) y el Herbario del Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) en el marco del Proyecto Flora del Perú. La contrastación específica se realizó con las especies documentadas en el "Catálogo de las Angiospermas y Gimnospermas del Perú" (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993) y "Diez años de adiciones a la flora del Perú: 1993-2003" (Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004). Los taxones encontrados se presentan en tres categorías: 18 especies nuevas, seis cambios taxonómicos, 107 nuevos registros, es decir especies que amplían su distribución geográfica hacia el Perú. Considerando las especies nuevas y los nuevos registros, esta contribución adiciona 125 especies a la Flora Peruana.We present here 131 new additions to the angiosperm flora of Peru from recent collections in the north of Peru, mostly from department of Amazonas (provinces of Bagua and Condorcanqui) and department of Cajamarca (province of San Ignacio). This new contribution is the result of field and herbarium studies by the various authors in this region from 1993 to 2002, and represents the combined effort of personnel from the Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) and the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO) as part of the Flora of Peru Project. The species reported here were compared against the list of species documented in the «Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru» (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993) and «Ten years of additions to the flora of Peru: 1993- 2003» (Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004). The new taxa are organized in three categories: 18 species new to science, six new nomenclatural combinations and 107 new records, thereby enlarging their geographical distribution towards to Peru. Considering the new species and the new records, this contribution adds 125 species to the Peruvian Flora

Identification of protein expressed by aortic stenosis valves in the search for novel biomarkers

Comunicaciones a congreso

Caracterización de las condiciones de salud respiratoria de los trabajadores expuestos a polvo de carbón en minería subterránea en Boyacá, 2013.

Introducción: la neumoconiosis de los mineros de carbón es una enfermedad pulmonar ocupacional asociada a factores individuales y condiciones laborales específcas. Se manifesta progresiva e irreversiblemente, afectando la salud de los trabajadores y la productividad laboral. Objetivo: caracterizar las condiciones de salud respiratoria e identifcar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de neumoconiosis en trabajadores que han laborado expuestos a polvo de carbón en minas de socavón en Boyacá, 2013. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en trabajadores de minería de socavón expuestos a polvo de carbón en el departamento de Boyacá. Se llevó a cabo un registro completo de historia clínica ocupacional, examen físico completo, toma de radiografía de tórax, prueba de tuberculina y espirometría. Resultados: participaron 170 trabajadores masculinos. 75% de la población tenía antigüedad en el sector minero mayor a 12,5 años. Roncus, sibilancias y estertores predominaron en trabajadores con más de 20 años de antigüedad. Expectoración y tos se encontraron más frecuentemente en quienes realizaban la extracción mecanizada. El 15,9% de las radiografías de tórax fueron compatibles con neumoconiosis, 17,1% de las pruebas de tuberculina se encontraron positivas. 5,3% de las espirometrías mostraron alteraciones de vía aérea periférica y 2,4% mostraron patrón obstructivo. Discusión y conclusión: Los cambios radiológicos sugestivos de neumoconiosis fueron más frecuentes en trabajadores con antigüedad menor de 20 años. Los hallazgos espirométricos anormales predominaron en el grupo con antigüedad mayor a 20 años. Es necesario revisar protocolos de vigilancia epidemiológica y realizar seguimiento por medicina laboral.Palabra clave: Neumoconiosis, minería del carbón, tuberculosis, condiciones de trabajo, exposiciónocupacional, Colombia.Forma de citar: Garrote Wilches CF, Malagón Rojas JN, Morgan G, Combariza D, Varona, M. Caracterización de las condiciones de salud respiratoria de los trabajadores expuestos a polvo de carbón en minería subterránea en Boyacá, 2013. rev.univ.ind.santander.salud 2014; 46 (3): 237-247Characterization of respiratory health conditions of workers exposed to coal dust in underground mining in Boyacá, 2013. Introduction: coal miners´ pneumoconiosis is an occupational lung disease associated with individual factors and specifc working conditions. It is manifested progressively and irreversibly, affecting the health of workers and labor productivity. Objective: To characterize the respiratory health conditions and identify risk factors associated with the development of pneumoconiosis in workers that have been exposed to coal dust in the underground mines at Boyacá, 2013. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among mining workers exposed to coal dust in the department of Boyacá. It was conducted a complete record of occupational medical history, physical exam, taking chest radiography, tuberculin test and spirometry. Results: 170 male workers participated. 75% of the population had worked in the mining sector for more than12.5 years old. Rhonchi, wheezing and rattling predominated in workers over 20 years old. Expectoration and cough were most frequently found in those who made mechanized extraction. 15.9% of chest X rays were compatible with pneumoconiosis, 17.1% of tuberculin tests were found positive. 5.3% of spirometries showed peripheral airway abnormalities and 2.4% showed obstructive pattern. Discussion and conclusion: Radiological changes suggestive of pneumoconiosis were more frequent in workers under 20 years old. Abnormal spirometric fndings predominated in the group with more than 20 years old. It is important to review surveillance protocols and perform monitoring through occupational medicine.Keywords: pneumoconiosis, coal mining, tuberculosis, working conditions, occupational exposure, Colombia

Tiempo de fermentación anaeróbica en la calidad de Coffea arábica L. var. Catimor con proceso Honey, en Satipo-Perú

This research sought to evaluate three fermentation times 0, 24, 48 and 72 hrs in the quality of Catimor variety coffee with Honey process. The work was carried out in the field and laboratory. The variables evaluated were organoleptic, physical and microbiological. The results show that the maximum quality score reached is 85.08 with a 72-hour fermentation; then with 48 hours and with 24 hours; the control with 0 hrs shows a lower score; the quality grows with the fermentation time in a parabolic curve with a maximum of 120 hours. The analysis of molds indicates that at 0 and 72 hours there is a higher amount of CFU/g, while at 24 and 48 hours it is lower. At 35.19 it has less quantity. According to physical analysis at 0 and 72 hours there is less moisture in grains; while at 24 and 48 hours it is higher and to reach 11% it takes 61.2 hours. It is concluded that the fermentation hours increase the yield percentage, varying from 72.9% with 0 hours and 76.37% with 72 hours; the maximum is found with 88.1 hrs.Esta investigación buscó evaluar tres tiempos de fermentación 0, 24, 48 y 72 hrs en la calidad del café de variedad Catimor con proceso Honey. El trabajo se realizó en campo y laboratorio. Las variables evaluadas fueron organolépticas, físicas y microbiológicas. Los resultados muestran que el máximo puntaje de calidad alcanzado es 85,08 con fermentación de 72 hrs; luego con 48 hrs y con 24 hrs; el testigo con 0 hrs muestra menor puntaje; la calidad crece con el tiempo de fermentación en una curva parabólica de máximo a 120 hrs. El análisis de mohos indica que a 0 y 72 hrs hay mayor cantidad de UFC/g, mientras que a 24 y 48 hrs es menor. A 35,19 tiene menor cantidad. Según análisis físico a 0 y 72 hrs hay menor cantidad de humedad en granos; mientras que a 24 y 48 hrs es mayor y para llegar a 11% se requiere 61,2 hrs. Se concluye que las hrs de fermentación aumenta el porcentaje de rendimiento, variando de 72,9% con 0 hrs y a 76,37% con 72 hrs; el máximo se encuentra con 88,1 hrs

Infiltrating CD16 +

Our aim was to characterize glomerular monocytes (Mo) infiltration and to correlate them with peripheral circulating Mo subsets and severity of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods. We evaluated 48 LN biopsy samples from a referral hospital. Recognition of Mo cells was done using microscopic view and immunohistochemistry stain with CD14 and CD16. Based on the number of cells, we classified LN samples as low degree of diffuse infiltration (<5 cells) and high degree of diffuse infiltration (≥5 cells). Immunophenotyping of peripheral Mo subsets was done using flow cytometry. Results. Mean age was 34.0±11.7 years and the mean SLEDAI was 17.5±6.9. The most common SLE manifestations were proteinuria (91%) and hypocomplementemia (75%). Severe LN was found in 70% of patients (Class III, 27%; Class IV, 43%). Severe LN patients and patients with higher grade of CD16+ infiltration had lower levels of nonclassical (CD14+CD16++) Mo in peripheral blood. Conclusions. Our results might suggest that those patients with more severe forms of LN had a higher grade of CD14+CD16+ infiltration and lower peripheral levels of nonclassical (CD14+CD16++) Mo and might reflect a recruitment process in renal tissues. However, given the small sample, our results must be interpreted carefully

IFNγ Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Risk of Infection and Disease in Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Colombia

OBJECTIVES: Household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and early disease development. Identification of individuals at risk of tuberculosis disease is a desirable goal for tuberculosis control. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) using specific M. tuberculosis antigens provide an alternative to tuberculin skin testing (TST) for infection detection. Additionally, the levels of IFNgamma produced in response to these antigens may have prognostic value. We estimated the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection by IGRA and TST in HHCs and their source population (SP), and assessed whether IFNgamma levels in HHCs correlate with tuberculosis development. METHODS: A cohort of 2060 HHCs was followed for 2-3 years after exposure to a tuberculosis case. Besides TST, IFNgamma responses to mycobacterial antigens: CFP, CFP-10, HspX and Ag85A were assessed in 7-days whole blood cultures and compared to 766 individuals from the SP in Medellín, Colombia. Isoniazid prophylaxis was not offered to child contacts because Colombian tuberculosis regulations consider it only in children under 5 years, TST positive without BCG vaccination. RESULTS: Using TST 65.9% of HHCs and 42.7% subjects from the SP were positive (OR 2.60, p<0.0001). IFNgamma response to CFP-10, a biomarker of M. tuberculosis infection, tested positive in 66.3% HHCs and 24.3% from the SP (OR = 6.07, p<0.0001). Tuberculosis incidence rate was 7.0/1000 person years. Children <5 years accounted for 21.6% of incident cases. No significant difference was found between positive and negative IFNgamma responders to CFP-10 (HR 1.82 95% CI 0.79-4.20 p = 0.16). However, a significant trend for tuberculosis development amongst high HHC IFNgamma producers was observed (trend Log rank p = 0.007). DISCUSSION: CFP-10-induced IFNgamma production is useful to establish tuberculosis infection prevalence amongst HHC and identify those at highest risk of disease. The high tuberculosis incidence amongst children supports administration of chemoprophylaxis to child contacts regardless of BCG vaccination

Cell Count Differentials by Cytomorphology and Next-Generation Flow Cytometry in Bone Marrow Aspirate: An Evidence-Based Approach

Despite a lack of evidence, a bone marrow aspirate differential of 500 cells is commonly used in the clinical setting. We aimed to test the performance of 200-cell counts for daily hematological workup. In total, 660 consecutive samples were analyzed recording differentials at 200 and 500 cells. Additionally, immunophenotype results and preanalytical issues were also evaluated. Clinical and statistical differences between both cutoffs and both methods were checked. An independent control group of 122 patients was included. All comparisons between both cutoffs and both methods for all relevant types of cells did not show statistically significant differences. No significant diagnostic discrepancies were demonstrated in the contingency table analysis. This is a real-life study, and some limitations may be pointed out, such as a different sample sizes according to the type of cell in the immunophenotype analysis, the lack of standardization of some preanalytical events, and the relatively small sample size of the control group. The comparisons of differentials by morphology on 200 and 500 cells, as well as by morphology (both cutoffs) and by immunophenotype, are equivalent from the clinical and statistical point of view. The preanalytical issues play a critical role in the assessment of bone marrow aspirate samples