9 research outputs found
Correlation sow, piglet and personnel responsible at the design of a farrowing crate for sow
ABSTRACT In housing for sows in a farrowing pen must meet the environmental requirements of the sow, the piglet and personnel responsible. Their daily activities require compliance with thermal, physical and social factors that are closely related to their welfare. Evaluation of 200 models used in the main pig producing countries to define world trends farrowing, their technical and economic arguments that fundamental. Coexistence sow, piglet and human, required to provide a temperature distribution that meets the biological requirements of every living entity and generate comfort, technical argument that explains why traditional farrowing crates that restrict the movement of the sow to protect the piglets are by discontinuing use. This work show the design of a farrowing crate as a commercial alternative to Mexico, which meets the 30 parameters defined, privileges the senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing of the sow as generators of comfort, the footprint of his hooves and their points of contact with floors and express their respect by natural movements, when lie down, get up, eat and exercise. The five met manufactured prototypes expected in each of the four test runs expectations. With litter average 12 piglets, the average mortality rate in the twenty test scores is 5.3% after 3 days and 4.8% after 15 days old piglets. Swine farmers made following recommendations to help reduce the mortality rate. 1 show the economic benefits involved stress reduction in the sow. 2. Attend the timely and individual to each sow in childbirth. 3. Promote environmental enrichment variables that must be implemented in the Farrowing crate. 4. Provide the necessary room temperature for piglets and sows
Potential use of water saved with technification of gravity irrigation in non-agricultural sectors
Objective: Conceptually analyze the potential use of water that the technification of gravity irrigation allows to save and generate alternatives of use according to the extrapolation of volumes, both in the same agricultural sector, or outside it.
Design/methodology/approach: The Technified Gravity Irrigation Program (RIGRAT) will be evaluated. By measuring the volumes of irrigation used in the Irrigation Districts (DR) 075 Rio Fuerte, 076 Valle del Carrizo and 063 Guasave, Sinaloa, during the 2015-2018 agricultural cycles. The measured and statistical data are integrated for the analysis of volumes saved by the program and its national statistical projection.
Results: In 6,114.5 ha under technification of the RIGRAT program in DR 075, the volume saved was 2,401.02 thousand m3 (2.4 hm3). The volume of water saved on that surface represents 10% of the water used by the industrial sector of Sinaloa. It is inferred that the modernization of the DR075 Rio Fuerte in the planted area of 289,780 ha, would imply a saving of 40% of the water that can be used in urban areas of Sinaloa. In the same agricultural sector, it would be possible to save a volume of 187 thousand m3, which means 6.4% of the water used by the irrigation district at plot level.
Limitations on study/implications: Current regulations do not allow the transfer of water volume in its different uses, with the aim of optimizing the value of water.
Findings/conclusions: With actions implemented in the RIGRAT program, it represents that achieving water savings at the farm level would have a great impact, since agriculture is the main consumer of water and there could be volumes saved to be used in other sectors.
Objective: To analyze conceptually the potential use of water that the technification of gravity irrigation allows in saving and generating alternatives of use according to the extrapolation of volumes, both in the agricultural sector or outside of it.
Design/methodology/approach: The Modernized Gravity Irrigation Program (RIGRAT) will be evaluated, by measuring the volumes of irrigation used in the Irrigation Districts (ID) 075 R铆o Fuerte, 076 Valle del Carrizo, and 063 Guasave, Sinaloa, during the 2015-2018 agricultural cycles. The measured and statistical data are integrated for the analysis of volumes saved by the program and its national statistical projection.
Results: The volume saved in the ID 075 was 2,401.02 thousand m3 (2.4 hm3) in 6,114.5 ha under technification of the RIGRAT program. The volume of water saved on that surface represents 10% of the water used by the industrial sector of Sinaloa. It is inferred that the modernization of the ID 075 R铆o Fuerte in the planted area of 289,780 ha, would imply a saving of 40% of the water that can be used in urban areas of Sinaloa. In the same agricultural sector, it would be possible to save a volume of 187 thousand m3, which represents 6.4% of the water used by the irrigation district at plot level.
Limitations on study/implications: Current regulations do not allow the transfer of water volume in its different uses, with the aim of optimizing the value of water.
Findings/conclusions: With actions implemented in the RIGRAT program, water saving is achieved at the farm level and there would be a great impact, since agriculture is the main consumer of water and there could be volumes saved to be used in other sectors
La eficiencia en el uso del agua en la agricultura controlada
Muchas regiones del mundo han alcanzado el l铆mite de aprovechamiento del agua, lo que las ha llevado a sobreexplotar los recursos hidr谩ulicos superficiales y subterr谩neos, creando un impacto negativo en el ambiente. En los pa铆ses en los que se depende del agua subterr谩nea para el riego, como es el caso de M茅xico, el exceso de extracci贸n est谩 provocando que los niveles fre谩ticos de agua dulce est茅n descendiendo a un ritmo muy alarmante. Aunado a lo anterior, el 77% del agua concesionada en M茅xico es utilizada en la agricultura; por tal raz贸n, es urgente incrementar la eficiencia en el uso del agua en este sector. Este trabajo representa una breve revisi贸n sobre las t茅cnicas modernas de producci贸n para incrementar la eficiencia del uso del agua, tales como el control ambiental en los invernaderos, sistemas hidrop贸nicos de circuito semicerrado y cerrado, y los invernaderos semicerrados
Investigaci贸n en matem谩ticas, econom铆a y ciencias sociales
El resultado de este libro que reune inquietudes acad茅micas en torno a temas tan estudiados como los que est谩n alrededor del ma铆z, del frijol o del caf茅; y tan contempor谩neos como las aplicaciones concretas de las ciencias ya citadas, al estudio de la adopci贸n del comercio electr贸nico en empresas del sector agroindustrial o, el caso de la generaci贸n de biogas o energ铆a el茅ctrica por medio de biodigestores. Al editar este texto e incorporarlo a la bibliograf铆a de los temas de referencia, se enriquecen opciones de consulta para los estudiosos de esos temas en general; pero tambi茅n para interesados en aspectos tan espec铆ficos como la cadena de suministro del mercado hortofrut铆cola en Texcoco
Recommended from our members
A theoretical study of gas flow in porous media with a spherical source
Gas flow behavior from a spherical source is explored by using linear and nonlinear models, not only in terms of pressure but also in terms of flux. The approach considers dimensionless parameters scaling both radius and time. Specific observations are made for large, moderate, and small time conditions. At large time, the nonlinear model becomes a linear ordinary differential equation with pressure solution independent of the material. However, for moderate and small scaled times this is not the case. The nonlinear model must be solved by using either linear approximations, semi-analytical, or numerical procedures. This model is nonlinear in the primary variable (pressure). However, appropriate mathematical manipulations allow one to change the nonlinearity into a single coefficient, depending on pressure. Focusing on the effects of this coefficient, the nonlinear solution can be confined between two linear solutions obtained by using atmospheric and boundary pressures. Appendix A is an exploration of the errors arising between the nonlinear solution and these two solutions. In Appendix B, a nonlinear model is used to find solutions for large, moderate, and small times. For large time, the case corresponds to the steady state case, and coincides with the solution presented in Appendix A. For moderate and small times the quasi-analytical approximation and the asymptotic solutions of linear and quadratic normalizations of pressure are presented. In Appendix C, simulations of gas flows in linear and nonlinear situations are made. The problem is to determine the change of air pressure in a tank when it is connected to a spherical cavity embedded in a porous medium. These changes in pressure occur when the air moves through the porous media, either for gas extraction or air injection. Both linear and nonlinear analyses require calculations of the pressure and the mass in the tank when the initial and boundary conditions change with time. For each case, gas extraction or air injection, the differences between the linear and the nonlinear models are examined to determine the suitability of the linear model
Methodology for estimation of integrated evapotranspiration and canal capacity in an irrigation zone
La capacidad de la red de canales en
un sistema de riego depende de satisfacer
la demanda h铆drica m谩xima de los cultivos.
Los m茅todos para determinar la capacidad
del canal requieren de la estimaci贸n de la
variable agron贸mica: evapotranspiraci贸n de
los cultivos. En grandes 谩reas de riego, con
un padr贸n diversificado de cultivos, diferentes
fechas de siembra y varios ciclos agr铆colas
no existe un procedimiento integrado para
estimar esta variable agron贸mica, lo cual
genera incertidumbre al ser requerida en los
m茅todos. En este trabajo se desarrolla una
propuesta para estimar dicha variable para
grandes zonas de riego. La propuesta inicia
con el c谩lculo de la evapotranspiraci贸n de los
cultivos por fecha de siembra, y termina con
la obtenci贸n de una curva general integral
para un a帽o agr铆cola, encontr谩ndose la
variable evapotranspiraci贸n de una zona de
riego (ETzr). Esta metodolog铆a se aplic贸 para
el canal principal del m贸dulo de riego Santa
Rosa, Distrito de Riego 075, Sinaloa, M茅xico
en que la ETzr result贸 de 4,1 mm d-1. Por los
resultados se concluye la veracidad de la
propuesta en determinar la evapotranspiraci贸n
para el c谩lculo en la capacidad del canal.Capacity of irrigation networks needs
to satisfy peak crop water demands. The
methods to size canal capacity require the
estimation of an agronomic variable: crop
evapotranspiration. There is not an integrated
procedure to estimate crop evapotranspiration
for large irrigation zones with a diversified crop
pattern, different planting dates, and several
crop seasons. Not having this procedure
generates uncertainty in methods for canal
capacity estimations. This paper presents
a methodological proposal to estimate the
ET variable for large irrigation zones. The
procedure starts with calculating the ET for
each planting date per crop and season. Next,
it integrates a general ET curve for the water
year that finds the evapotranspiration for the
irrigation zone (ETzr). The methodology was
applied to size the main canal that supplies
the 鈥淪anta Rosa" Water Irrigation Association
in the 075 Irrigation District located in the state
of Sinaloa, Mexico. A value of 4.1 mm d-1 was
estimated for ETzr. The results indicate the
proposed method鈥檚 accuracy to estimate the
ET variable to size irrigation canals.Fil: 脥帽iguez-Covarrubias, Mauro.
Instituto Mexicano de Tecnolog铆a del Agua (Morelos, M茅xico).Fil: Ojeda-Bustamante, Waldo.
Instituto Mexicano de Tecnolog铆a del Agua (Morelos, M茅xico).Fil: Rojano-Aguilar, Abraham.
Universidad Aut贸noma Chapingo (M茅xico
Simulaci贸n del movimiento del aire en un invernadero tipo venlo
Se han realizado aproximaciones te贸ricas para estudiar la ventilaci贸n en invernaderos como los modelos mecanicistas, que se basan en el balance de energ铆a, pero s贸lo proveen informaci贸n acerca de la tasa de ventilaci贸n global sin ofrecer detalles de la distribuci贸n espacial de las l铆neas de corriente de aire. En a帽os recientes se ha observado que los modelos matem谩ticos basados en las ecuaciones completas de Navier-Stokes representan adecuadamente la ventilaci贸n en invernaderos y ofrecen informaci贸n detallada de la distribuci贸n espacial de la masa de aire; sin embargo, resulta muy costosa la adquisici贸n de los permisos de uso de los paquetes de c贸mputo comerciales por lo que es necesario investigar sobre modelos simplificados con el fin de reducir los costos de los estudios. En este trabajo se simul贸 la circulaci贸n de aire en un invernadero tipo Venlo en diferentes condiciones de ventilaci贸n, mediante dos modelos: uno de ellos considera las ecuaciones completas de Navier-Stokes, y el otro resuelve un modelo simplificado de Navier-Stokes en el que no se considera la aceleraci贸n convectiva en la ecuaci贸n de cantidad de movimiento. Para el estudio del modelo completo se us贸 el programa comercial FLUENT versi贸n 11.0 (ANSYS Inc, 2013) y el modelo simplificado se resolvi贸 num茅ricamente en MATLAB. Ambos m茅todos arrojan tasas de ventilaci贸n globales similares, pero la circulaci贸n de la masa de aire es diferente en algunos escenarios de ventilaci贸n. El m茅todo simplificado result贸 m谩s econ贸mico en dinero y tiempo, debido a que su soluci贸n num茅rica se puede implementar con mayor facilidad en alg煤n lenguaje de programaci贸n de medio y alto nivel, y porque los tiempos de c贸mputo se reducen sustancialmente. Para tener mayor detalle de las zonas de recirculaci贸n de la masa de aire en el interior de los invernaderos se debe considerar el modelo completo de Navier-Stokes