AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ECZEMA (VICHARCHIKA) - A REVIEW

In the Ayurvedic text all skin diseases were included under the Kushtarog. Which is classified in two divisions i.e. Mahakushta and Kshudrakushta. Vicharchika is described under Kshudrakushta. The clinical presentation of Vicharchika similar to Eczema in modern dermatology. Eczema (also called atopic dermatitis) is characterized by dry itchy skin with areas of poorly demarcated erythema and scale. In the acute phase eczema may be vesicular and oozing, in the chronic phase it may become hyperpigmented and lichenified (thickened). Excoriations (scratch marks) are frequently seen. The modern science has greatly advanced, particularly in dermatology but there is no specific medicaments for sure cure of eczema but symptomatic treatments like steroids are used, but they produce serious side effects like nephrotoxicity, osteoporosis, skin cancer etc. Modern pharmacology whole body. It brings a balance of body, mind and spirit. Ayurveda believes that All Dosha in balance is essential for well-being. offers treatment for the symptom of eczema. However, it does not provide treatment for the root. Therefore, recurrence is very common. Ayurveda offers treatment for the root of eczema by cleansing vitiated Dosha and balancing the Dosha and Dhatus

Effect of dietary supplementation of rice dried distillers grains (rDDGS) on blood profile in Barbari goats

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of feeding different levels of rice dried distiller grains (rDDGS) on haemato-biochemical profile of Barbari goats. Twenty-four Barbari goats of 1-2 years of age were randomly divided into four groups (Control, T1, T2 and T3) having six animals in each group. Barbari goats in control group were fed with basal diet comprising of wheat straw, chaffed green maize fodder and compounded concentrate mixture in a ratio of 20:30:50. The animals in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 10, 20 and 30% of rDDGS on dry matter basis, respectively for the period of 90 days. Results revealed no significant differences on blood profile except WBC (×103/µl), neutrophil (%) and lymphocytes (%) in the groups supplemented with rDDGS. Total protein was found highly significant in T2 group followed by T1 and T3 groups. Total immunoglobulin, catalase, TBARS and ALT in rDDGS supplemented groups were also found significantly different. It was concluded that rDDGS can be incorporated in Barbari goat ration up to level of 20% without having any detrimental effect on health of goats

Recent progress in development of dressings used for diabetic wounds with special emphasis on scaffolds

Diabetic wound (DW) is a secondary application of uncontrolled diabetes and affects about 42.2% of diabetics. If the disease is left untreated/uncontrolled, then it may further lead to amputation of organs. In recent years, huge research has been done in the area of wound dressing to have a better maintenance of DW. These include gauze, films, foams or, hydrocolloid-based dressings as well as polysaccharide-and polymer-based dressings. In recent years, scaffolds have played major role as biomaterial for wound dressing due to its tissue regeneration properties as well as fluid absorption capacity. These are three-dimensional polymeric structures formed from polymers that help in tissue rejuvenation. These offer a large surface area to volume ratio to allow cell adhesion and exudate absorbing capacity and antibacterial properties. They also offer a better retention as well as sustained release of drugs that are directly impregnated to the scaffolds or the ones that are loaded in nanocarriers that are impregnated onto scaffolds. The present review comprehensively describes the pathogenesis of DW, various dressings that are used so far for DW, the limitation of currently used wound dressings, role of scaffolds in topical delivery of drugs, materials used for scaffold fabrication, and application of various polymer-based scaffolds for treating DW

Harnessing Potential of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid with Nanotechnology for Enhanced Breast Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Investigation into ALA-Based Liposomal PTX Delivery

Our hypothesis posited that incorporating alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into liposomes containing Paclitaxel (PTX) could augment cellular uptake, decrease the therapeutic dosage, and alleviate PTX-related side effects. Our investigation encompassed characterization of the liposomal formulation, encompassing aspects like particle size, surface morphology, chemical structure, drug release kinetics, and stability. Compatibility studies were performed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). By utilizing the Box–Behnken design (BBD), we developed ALA-based liposomes with satisfactory particle size and entrapment efficiency. It is noteworthy that ALA incorporation led to a slight increase in particle size but did not notably affect drug entrapment. In vitro drug release assessments unveiled a sustained release pattern, with ALA-PTX liposomes demonstrating release profiles comparable to PTX liposomes. Morphological examinations confirmed the spherical structure of the liposomes, indicating that substituting ALA with phosphatidylcholine did not alter the physicochemical properties. Cellular uptake investigations showcased enhanced uptake of ALA-based liposomes in contrast to PTX liposomes, likely attributed to the heightened fluidity conferred by ALA. Efficacy against MCF-7 cells demonstrated concentration-dependent reductions in cell viability, with ALA-PTX liposomes exhibiting the lowest IC50 value. Morphological analysis confirmed apoptotic changes in cells treated with all formulations, with ALA-PTX liposomes eliciting more pronounced changes, indicative of enhanced anticancer efficacy

The Structure of the Holo-Acyl Carrier Protein of Leishmania major Displays a Remarkably Different Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Binding Interface

The genome of Leishmania major encodes a type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway for which no structural or biochemical information exists. Here, for the first time, we have characterized the central player of the pathway, the acyl carrier protein (LmACP), using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Structurally, the LmACP molecule is similar to other type II ACPs, comprising a four-helix bundle, enclosing a hydrophobic core. Dissimilarities in sequence, however, exist in helix II (recognition helix) of the protein. The enzymatic conversion of apo-LmACP into the holo form using type I (Escherichia coli AcpS) and type II (Sfp type) phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTs) is relatively slow. Mutagenesis studies underscore the importance of the residues present at the protein protein interaction interface of LmACP in modulating the activity of PPTs. Interestingly, the cognate PPT for this ACP, the L. major 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (LmPPT), does not show any enzymatic activity toward it, though it readily converts other type I and type II ACPs into their holo forms. NMR chemical shift perturbation studies suggest a moderately tight complex between LmACP and its cognate PPT, suggesting inhibition. We surmise that the unique surface of LmACP might have evolved to complement its cognate enzyme (LmPPT), possibly for the purpose of regulation

A Strategy for the Synthesis of Anthraquinone-Based Aryl‑<i>C</i>‑glycosides

An efficient and simple strategy for the synthesis of a diverse range of anthraquinone-based aryl-<i>C</i>-glycosides has been developed. It involves the sequential Diels–Alder reaction and oxidative aromatization with the preformed glycosyl diene and dienophiles. The glycosyl dienes were obtained from simple sugars by tandem one-pot substitution and elimination reaction

RE-OPEN: Randomised trial of biosimilar TNK versus TPA during endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions

Rationale Rapid and timely treatment with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) significantly improves patient outcomes. Bridging therapy is the current standard of care in these patients. However, an incompletely answered question is whether one thrombolytic agent is better than another during bridging therapy.Aim The current study aims to understand if one thrombolytic agent is superior to the other during bridging therapy in the treatment of AIS and LVO.Sample size estimates Using 80% power and an alpha error of 5 %, presuming a 10% drop out rate, a total of 372 patients will be recruited for the study.Methods and design This study is a prospective, randomised, multicentre, open-label trial with blinded outcome analysis design.Study outcomes The primary outcomes include proportion of patients who will be independent at 3 months (modified Rankin score (mRS) ≤2 as good outcome) and proportion of patients who achieve recanalisation modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade 2b/3 at first angiography run at the end of EVT. Secondary outcomes include proportion of patients with early neurological improvement, rate of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), rate of any ICH, rate of any systemic major or minor bleeding and duration of hospital stay. Safety outcomes include any intracranial bleeding or symptomatic ICH.Discussion This trial is envisioned to confirm the theoretical advantages and increase the strength and quality of evidence for use of tenecteplase (TNK) in practice. Also, it will help to generate data on the efficacy and safety of biosimilar TNK.Trial registration number CTRI/2022/01/039473

STENOSIS: Long-term single versus dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with ischaemic stroke due to intracranial atherosclerotic disease – a randomised trial

Rationale Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a pathological process that causes progressive stenosis and cerebral hypoperfusion, leading to stroke occurrence and recurrence around the world. The exact duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for ICAD is unclear in view of long-term risk of bleeding complications.Aim The current study aims to study the efficacy and safety of long-term DAPT (up to 12 months) in patients with ICAD.Sample size Using 80% power and an alpha error of 5 %, presuming a 10%–15% drop-out rate, a total of 2200 patients will be recruited for the study.Methodology This is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.Study outcomes The primary outcomes include recurrent ischaemic stroke (IS) or transient ischaemic attack and any intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), major or minor systemic bleeding at the end of 12 months. Secondary outcomes include composite of any stroke, myocardial infarction or death at the end of 12 months. The safety outcomes include any ICH, major or minor bleeding as defined using GUSTO (Global Use of Streptokinase and tPA for occluded Coronary Arteries) classification at the end of 12 months and 1 month after completion of the drug treatment phase.Discussion The study will provide level I evidence on the duration of DAPT among patients with IS due to ICAD of more than or equal to 50%