Biological Activity of Hedyotis Spp. and Chemical Constituents of Hedyotis Capitellata

Hedyotis (Family, Rubiaceae) is a genus of erect decumbent or climbing herbs. The genus consists of some 180 species. They grow well on dry and sandy soil, along rivers and coasts and in the forests. There are 35 species recorded in Malaysia. Most of the species possess medicinal properties and are used by the Malay as well as the Chinese communities. The methanolic extracts of seven Hedyotis species including H. capitellata (stems, leaves and roots), H. dichotoma (aerial parts and roots), H. verticillata (leaves and stems), H. herbacea (aerial parts), H. pinifolia (aerial parts), H. corymbosa (aerial parts) and H. nudicaulis (aerial parts) were screened for antioxidant, radical- scavenging, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic as well as anti-bacterial properties using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA), the diphenylpicryl hydrazyl (DPPH), the Griess assay, the MTT assay and the disc diffusion methods, respectively. The results showed that all of the extracts tested possess strong antioxidant potential. However, they are poor radical scavengers and nitric oxide inhibitors. They are also found to be weakly cytotoxic and possess weak to moderate antibacterial properties. On the basis of the screening results and literature review, H. capitellata (stems) was selected for further phytochemical study. Phytochemical investigation on the active fraction of the stems of H. capitellata plant yielded fifteen compounds. The structure of the compounds was elucidated based on spectroscopic techniques and comparison with literature values. Eight compounds are new furanoanthraquinones named capitellataquinone A-G and epi- capitellataquinone E. A new anthraquinone, 2,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxyanthraquinone together with rubiadin, alizarin 1-methyl ether, anthragallol 2-methyl ether, digiferruginol and scopoletin were also isolated. From the roots of the plant, lucidin 3-O-β-glucoside was also isolated. The isolation of an anthraquinone glycoside is a first for the genus. Antioxidant assays on ten compounds including capitellataquinones A, B, E, F, epi- capitellataquinone E, rubiadin, alizarin 1-methyl ether, anthragallol 2-methyl ether, digiferruginol and scopoletin showed that capitellataquinone A and scopoletin possess strong antioxidant properties with percent inhibition of 94-96% compared to quercetin (98%). MTT cytotoxic assays of the same compounds tested showed weak cytotoxicity to most cell-lines with IC50 values of 24-40 μg/ml. However, alizarin 1- methyl ether was found to be selectively cytotoxic against MDA-MB-231 with an IC50 value of 8 μg/ml

Chemical constituents of Rennelua Elliptica: The Malaysian ginseng / Nor Hadiani Ismail, Rohaya Ahmad and Faridahanim Mohd Jaafar

Rennellia ellitpica Korth. is a tropical shrub that can be found in lowland tropical rainforest in Malaysia. It is locally known as 'segemuk' and dubbed as Malaysia Ginseng due to the resemblance between roots of R. elliptica and roots of ginseng, as well as its many traditional uses. The decoction of the roots of this plant is traditionally used as treatment of body aches, as afterbirth tonic and also being claimed as aphrodisiac. The dried roots of R. elliptica that were previously collected from Taman Negara Kuala Keniam, Pahang were successively extracted using hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The dichloromethane extract were absorbed onto acid washed silica (previously shaken with 4% oxalic acid, filtered and activated at 89 °C) and introduced to acid washed silica gel bed (60 cm X 5 cm) eluted with series of solvents, comprising of various compositions of hexanedichloromethane and dichloromethane-methanol in increasing polarity. Further isolation and purification utilizing various chromatographic procedures followed by careful analysis of spectral data including MS, IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR as well as x-ray crystallography lead to identification of one new anthraquinone, 1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (1) along with ten known anthraquinones namely nordamnacanthal (2), 2-formyl-3-hydroxy-9.10- anthraquinone (3), damnacanthal (4), 1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (5), lucidin-cj-methyl ether (6), 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (7), rubiadin (8), 2- hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (9), rubiadin-1-methyl ether (10) and 3- hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (11). The dichloromethane crude extract and the anthraquinones were screened for antiplasmodial activity in vitro. The dichloromethane extract inhibited the Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro with IC50 value of 4.04 (jg/ml while most of anthraquinones tested were active inhibitors and the strongest inhibitor was shown by 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone with IC500.34|jM. The new anthraquinone, 1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone is an active inhibitor with IC50 value of 1.10 |jM

Dari Kerinci ke Yogyakarta: Meretas Jalan Berwirausaha

Menolak perubahan merupakan jalan efektif untuk kalah dan dilupakan.Mereka yang tidak mau berubah akan tergilas oleh mati tertimbun oleh sejarah.Semua berubah, dan mereka yang akan mampu bertahan adalah mereka yang mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan, bukan mereka yang menolak perubahan.Buku ini menyajikan pengalaman magang Mahasiswa Bidik Misi IAIN Kerinci di Yogyakarta di Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri. Buku ini penting untuk mereka yang ingin sukses berwirasuah

Meretas jalan wirausaha : dari Kerinci ke Yogyakarta : laporan magang mahasiswa bidik misi 2018

Buku yang saat ini sedang Anda baca adalah “pengalaman” hasil magang di dunia usaha dan dunia industri Mahasiswa Bidik Misi IAIN Kerinci. Sebagai “curahan” pengalaman dalam berwirausaha, buku ini menyajikan pengetahuan luar biasa tentang dunia usaha mulai dari A hingga Z, yang mungkin tidak akan didapatkan di bangku kuliah, walaupun Anda mengambil jurusan yang berkaitan dengan “kewirausahaan”

FLAVONOID DISTRIBUTION IN FOUR VARIETIES OF Ficus deltoidea (JACK)

We have previously reported the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of the aqueous extract of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Fd) (Moraceae) namely var kunstleri (Fdvk), var angustifolia (Fdva), var deltoidea (Fdvd) and var intermedia (Fdvi). In this study, flavonoid constituents in aqueous leaf and fig extracts of the four varieties were analyzed and characterized using liquid chromatography mass spectrometer quadrupole-time of flight (LCMS-Q-TOF) via hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) technique. The HCA dendrogram revealed that the abundant flavonoids among the eight samples are epicatechin, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin 5,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, myricetin and naringenin. The study found that the distribution of the flavonoids differed between the four varieties and varied within the plant parts. To date, the flavonoid distribution of the different plant parts of the four varieties has not been documented. A positive correlation was observed between flavonoid constituents present and radical scavenging activities of the aqueous extracts.Â

TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTICANCER AND ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF Myrmecodia tuberosa (RUBIACEAE)

Myrmecodia tuberosa, locally known as “Sarang Semutâ€, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. The aim of the study is to investigate the total phenolic contents and bioactivity of the crude extract of M. tuberosa. The tuber, bark and leaves of the plant were cut, washed and air-dried. The plant was extracted with ethyl acetate and ethanol to yield EtOAc and EtOH crudes. The crudes were then tested for antioxidant 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, α-glucosidase assay for anti-diabetic activity and [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium] MTT Assay for cytotoxicity test. The results showed that bark ethanolic extract demonstrated the highest DPPH scavenging of 95.16% while other crudes were ranging from 92.77% to 94.55% scavenging of DPPH compared to ascorbic acid. The tuber ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest inhibition of α -glucosidase enzyme with 72.58% while other crudes were ranging from 63.27% to 72.46% inhibition. In addition, the ethanolic tuber extract exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against Human colorectal Cancer (HT-29) and Cervical Cancer (HeLa) cell lines with the IC50 value of 16 µg/mL and 14 µg/mL respectively. Meanwhile, the ethanolic bark extract exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) with IC50 value of 6.0µg/mL. Furthurmore, the tuber extracts contained the highest phenolic content with 1087mg GAE/ g extract compared to the leaves and barks of the plants. The findings suggest that the whole part of M. tuberosa is a potential natural source for anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer agent

1,3-Dihydr­oxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-di­hydro­anthracene-2-carbaldehyde

The title compound, C15H8O5, also known as nordamnacanthal, was isolated from the Malaysian Morinda citrifolia L. The 20 non-H atoms are coplanar. The structure is stabilized by intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming bilayers of mol­ecular tapes with alternating stacking directions along the a axis

Effects of organic substrates on growth and yield of ginger cultivated using soilless culture

The effects of organic soilless substrates on growth and yield of ginger were studied. In soilless production system, many types of growing media or substrates such as rockwool, perlite, vermiculite and peat have been used to grow many kinds of crops. Alternative substrates that are cheaper and locally available such as coconut fibres and burnt paddy husks should be used as alternative media. The main objective of the study was to determine the most suitable organic growth substrate for cultivation of ginger using fertigation technique. The study was conducted under the side-netted rain shelter equipped with an irrigation system to supply fertiliser solution at a regulated time schedule. Five combinations of growth substrates were evaluated: 100% coir dust; 100% burnt paddy husks; 70% coir dust + 30% burnt paddy husks; 30% coir dust + 70% burnt paddy husks; and 50% coir dust + 50% burnt paddy husks. The ginger plants were selected randomly and the rhizomes were harvested 3 – 9 months after sowing. Plants grown in 100% coir dust gave the best growth performance and yield compared to the other treatments. They produced the highest shoot height (123 ± 23 cm), shoot fresh weight (1,340 ± 235 g) and rhizome yield (5,480 ± 325 g per plant). The lowest rhizome yield (2,570 ± 135 g) was obtained from plants planted in 30% coir dust + 70% burnt paddy husks. Hence, it can be concluded that the ginger plants cultivated in 100% coir dust substrate using fertigation technique gave the best plant growth and yields

Kesan modul Pendekatan Pemikiran Reka Bentuk Kelab STEM kepada Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT)

Proses pembelajaran Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan, dan Matematik (STEM) bukanlah berlaku secara hafalan semata-mata, sebaliknya memerlukan pengaplikasian Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Menerusi Kelab STEM, murid-murid berpeluang meneroka subjek menggunakan kaedah saintifik dengan tujuan untuk memahaminya dengan lebih baik dan mencari jawapan kepada isu-isu yang ditimbulkan. Kajian eksperimen kuasi ini mengkaji keberkesanan Modul Pendekatan Pemikiran Reka Bentuk Kelab STEM kepada peningkatan dan pengekalan KBAT dalam kalangan 32 orang murid sekolah rendah. Kesan penggunaan modul diukur sebanyak tiga kali menggunakan ujian KBAT iaitu sebelum intervensi (ujian pra), selesai intervensi (ujian pos) dan selepas tiga bulan intervensi (ujian pos lanjutan). Data dianalisis menggunakan ujian ANOVA pengukuran berulang. Dapatan menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan antara skor ujian pra dan ujian pos, serta ujian pos dan ujian pos lanjutan; ini menunjukkan bahawa pembelajaran berasaskan modul ini memberi kesan yang signifikan ke atas peningkatan pencapaian dan pengekalan KBAT. Implikasinya, pengaplikasian modul ini dapat meningkatkan KBAT murid-murid dari segi kreativiti dan pemikiran inovatif melalui aktiviti secara ‘hands on’ dalam konteks kehidupan sebenar dan mencabar keupayaan pemikiran aras tinggi murid. Kajian ini mencadangkan modul ini diintegrasikan bersama dalam proses pembelajaran subjek-subjek STEM arus perdana agar dapat memenuhi aspirasi negara dalam melahirkan murid yang cemerlang dalam pencapaian akademik dan kokurikulum

Flavanones from the flower of Macaranga triloba

Macaranga triloba belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae. Investigation on the dichloromethane extract of flower of Macaranga triloba collected at Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia has yielded four flavanone compounds known as 6-prenyl-3’-methoxy-eriodictyol (1), nymphaeol-B (2), nymphaeol-C (3) and 6-farnesyl3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (4). The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D), UV, IR as well as mass spectrometry. This is the first report of 6-prenyl-3’-methoxy-eriodictyol(1) and 6-farnesyl-3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (4) from the genus of Macaranga