An experimental investigation into the anisotropic behaviour of bovine femoral cortical bone

To increase our level of knowledge of the human body for various applications, the behaviour of cortical bone needs to be understood. To understand and model the behaviour of cortical bone, knowledge of the strain rate dependent behaviour is required. Many authors have investigated these properties, however, the literature appears to be ambiguous and incomplete, with little focus being placed upon the intermediate strain rate regime (1s⁻¹ to 100s⁻¹). The ambiguity arises as each author presents an averaged data set which does not describe the level of scatter or precise testing methods, nor does it correspond with other authors work [33, 56, 27, 2, 62]. Furthermore, bone should display distinct anisotropic properties due to the microstructural layout. However, no author has published or recorded a complete data set detailing the anisotropy of bone across any species. The intermediate strain rate regime is of particular interest due to Paul [50], capturing a distinct transitional behaviour of cortical bone between low and high strain rates. The apparent lack in intermediate regime research is due to the difficulty in attaining constant strain rate testing conditions within this region using conventional methods. Consequently, due to the absence of data, no accurate model has been developed to simulate the behaviour observed. The focus of this dissertation will therefore be to redesign and fabricate the previously used intermediate strain rate testing device, provide an accurate data set across both quasi-static and dynamic regimes, and a phenomenological model which is able to capture this strain rate dependent behaviour. In order to develop an understanding of the scatter presented in each orientation, light microscopy, inverse light microscopy, and SEM of the specimens is performed. What is observed is that each orientation displays a distinct microstructural layout with fractures propagating in a distinctly different manner based on the strain rate regime. Furthermore, counter to previous findings, the strength of bone across a variety of samples does not appear consistent, however, the longitudinal and radial orientations still display strain rate sensitivity (per sample) which was captured using the improved phenomenological viscoelastic model

Operation syncopation: Music therapy and autism (Thompson, Ed.)

This is a review of the film "Operation syncopation: Music therapy and autism" directed and edited by Maxim Thompson. Title: Operation syncopation: Music therapy and autism Film director and editor: Maxim Thompson Publication year: 201

A tribute to Chava Sekeles (17 October 1936 – 24 March 2018)

A tribute to Chava Sekeles (17 October 1936 – 24 March 2018

Communicative musicality, music and transformation in the lives of parents and their children with cerebral palsy and multiple disabilities (CPMD)

Οι γεννήσεις παιδιών με εγκεφαλική παράλυση και πολλαπλές αναπηρίες αποτελούν δοκιμασία για την ευεξία των οικογενειών τους. Αυτό το άρθρο, το οποίο βασίζεται σε ένα θέμα που προέκυψε από μια έρευνα βασισμένη σε συνεντεύξεις, υποδηλώνει ότι η επικοινωνιακή μουσικότητα και η καθημερινή χρήση της μουσικής μεταμορφώνουν τις εμπειρίες αυτών των οικογενειών. Τα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα αποσκοπούσαν στη διερεύνηση της μουσικότητας των ατόμων με εγκεφαλική παράλυση και της χρήσης της μουσικής εντός των οικογενειών τους. Στη μελέτη αυτή συμμετείχαν έξι γονείς ατόμων με εγκεφαλική παράλυση και πολλαπλές αναπηρίες. Τα δεδομένα συγκεντρώθηκαν μέσω μιας σειράς τριών συνεντεύξεων με κάθε συμμετέχοντα, οι οποίες εμπεριείχαν και την προβολή αυτοσχέδιων βίντεο που καταγράφουν στιγμές από τη ζωή στο σπίτι. Οι μεταγραφές των συνεντεύξεων αναλύθηκαν με ερμηνευτική φαινομενολογική ανάλυση και την εμπειρικά θεµελιωµένη θεωρία [grounded theory]. Αρχικά δημιουργήθηκαν τρεις βασικές θεματικές ενότητες (και παρουσιάστηκαν σε άλλη δημοσίευση). Η θεματική της «μεταμόρφωσης» είναι μια τέταρτη θεματική που προέκυψε από μια μεταγενέστερη ανάλυση των ερευνητικών συνεντεύξεων. Η θεματική αυτή παρουσιάζεται εδώ μέσα από τις φωνές των γονέων καθώς και από τις ερμηνείες των ερευνητών. Επίσης, συζητούνται οι θεωρητικές και ερευνητικές προοπτικές που σχετίζονται με την επικοινωνιακή μουσικότητα, την καθημερινή μουσικοτροπία [musicking] και την ευεξία. Προτείνουμε ότι τόσο η εντατική χρήση μη λεκτικών επικοινωνιακών προσεγγίσεων από τις οικογένειες όσο και η χρήση της μουσικής μεταμόρφωσαν τις εμπειρίες τους: μεταμόρφωσαν τη διάθεσή τους, τη συμμετοχή τους και τα νοήματα που σχετίζονται με τη συλλογική τους ζωή.The births of children with cerebral palsy and multiple disabilities (CPMD) challenge their families’ wellbeing. This article, which is based on a theme generated from an interview study, suggests that communicative musicality and the everyday use of music transforms these families’ experiences. The research questions aimed to explore the musicality of individuals with cerebral palsy, and the use of music within their families. Six parents to individuals with cerebral palsy and multiple disabilities participated in this study. The data were collected through a three-interview series with each participant, integrated with home-video viewing. The interview transcripts were analysed with interpretative phenomenological analysis and grounded theory. Initially three core themes were generated (and presented in another publication). The ‘transformation’ theme is a fourth theme generated from a later analysis of the research interviews. It is presented here through the parents’ voices as well as the researchers’ interpretations. Theory and research are discussed on communicative musicality, everyday musicking, and wellbeing. We suggest that the families’ intensive use of nonverbal communicative approaches, and music transformed their experiences: their moods, participation, and the meanings related to their lives together

Determination of Total Antioxidant Content in Various Drinks by Amperometry

In the present work the total content of phenolic antioxidants in juice of some fruit and vegetables, in wines, water extracts of tea and herb were measured by amperometry. Efficiency of the method allowed determining the total antioxidant content in their binary and multimixes, including processes of frosting-defrosting and juice diluting as well. The deviation of experimentally received values of the total antioxidant content in some drink mixes from the values calculated proceeding from the additivity principle of the antioxidant content in separate drinks has been revealed

Kinetics of superoxide reactions with dissolved organic matter in tropical Atlantic surface waters near Cape Verde (TENATSO)

The decay kinetics of superoxide (O2−) reacting with organic matter was examined in oligotrophic waters at, and nearby, the TENATSO ocean observatory adjacent to the Cape Verde archipelago. Superoxide is the short-lived primary photochemical product of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) photolysis and also reacts with CDOM or trace metals (Cu, Fe) to form H2O2. In the present work we focused our investigations on reactions between CDOM and superoxide. O2− decay kinetics experiments were performed by adding KO2 to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) amended seawater and utilizing an established chemiluminescence technique for the detection of O2− at nM levels. In Cape Verdean waters we found a significant reactivity of superoxide with CDOM with maximal rates adjacent to the chlorophyll maximum, presumably from production of new CDOM from bacteria/phytoplankton. This work highlights a poorly understood process which impacts on the biogeochemical cycling of CDOM and trace metals in the open ocean

Quelle prise en compte du genre dans la communication publique ?

Through the lens of gender, it is possible to explore professional practices in public communication. Indeed, the ways communicators inquire into, categorize and represent publics/ audiences when conducting communication campaigns are key to taking gender into consideration. As publics/audiences are constructed through management tools which isolate individuals from their social context and do not call on other types of skills in order to take social complexity into account when figuring out publics/audiences, gender is approached only from a technical point of view. Therefore gender is voided of its heuristic and critical contents and only used as a criterion for categorization without acknowledging the balance of power, and by implication, being able to single out gender stereotypes.Par le prisme du genre, il est possible d’explorer les pratiques professionnelles en communication publique. Ainsi les modalités d’exploration, d’appréhension et de représentation des publics par les communicateurs et communicatrices pour élaborer leurs actions de communication sont déterminantes dans la prise en compte du genre. Comme les publics sont figurés au moyen de techniques gestionnaires qui isolent l’individu de son contexte social et ne mobilisent pas d’autres types d’aptitudes pour appréhender la complexité sociale dans le travail de représentation des publics, la question de la prise en compte du genre dans la communication est abordée sous un angle essentiellement technique. Ce faisant, le genre est vidé de sa dimension heuristique mais également contestataire pour être mobilisé comme critère de catégorisation qui se substitue à la catégorie « femmes » sans prise en compte des rapports de force et, par ricochet, sans capacité d’identifier les stéréotypes de genre

“It’s Not What’s Done, But Why It’s Done”: Music Therapists’ Understanding of Normalisation, Maximisation and the Neurodiversity Movement

This position paper offers our personal reflections as five music therapists from varying social and international contexts attempting to understand and engage with the theory, politics and implications of the Neurodiversity Movement. We begin by positioning our views on the importance of the therapist’s intentionality when working with individuals for whom this social, cultural and political movement may represent central beliefs and values. The evolution of the Neurodiversity Movement is discussed, growing from the social model of disability and Disability Rights Movements to present a challenge to the dominant, medicalised model of disability. Throughout the paper, we invite critical debate around the role, position and attitude of the music therapist when working with neurodivergent participants, taking the powerful words of Autistic author and activist, Penni Winter, as our provocation. Finally, we offer our interpretation of key concepts and dimensions of this discourse, before sharing examples of how we might apply these understandings to tangible tenets of music therapy practice in different contexts through a series of brief composite case stories. Through critical reflection and discussion, we attempt to draw together the threads of these diverse narratives to challenge a normocentric position, and conclude by posing further questions for the reader and the wider music therapy profession

Trading Jerusalem: Jewish-Arab Encounters in a Middle Eastern Restaurant in Toronto

This ethnographic study explores everyday encounters between Jewish Israeli immigrants, Palestinian Arab immigrants, and Canadian Jews in Jerusalem Restaurant a Middle Eastern dining establishment in Toronto. The article reveals the waysin which these three subgroups relate to each other economically and culturally in the context of a diasporic food business that bases its appeal on the symbolism of Jerusalem. Through the practices and relationships observed in this restaurant, we suggest that these subgroups create a practical foodway community, while each subgroup associates with the notion of Jerusalem in its own distinctive way.Cette étude ethnographique analyse les interactions quotidiennes entre immigrants israéliens juifs, immigrants palestiniens arabes et Juifs canadiens dans le Jerusalem Restaurant, un restaurant de cuisine moyen-orientale de Toronto. L’article met au jour comment ces trois sous-groupes interagissent économiquement et culturellement dans le contexte d’un commerce alimentaire diasporique qui se construit autour du symbolisme de Jérusalem. Les pratiques et les relations observées dans ce restaurant nous permettent d’avancer que ces différents sous-groupes forment une communauté de pratiques alimentaires tout en ayant, chacun, des liens spécifiques et distinctifs avec la notion de Jérusalem