Constraining volatile abundance in chondritic components

Accepted versio

Clec9a-mediated ablation of conventional dendritic cells suggests a lymphoid path to generating dendritic cells In Vivo

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are versatile activators of immune responses that develop as part of the myeloid lineage downstream of hematopoietic stem cells. We have recently shown that in mice precursors of cDCs, but not of other leukocytes, are marked by expression of DNGR-1/CLEC9A. To genetically deplete DNGR-1-expressing cDC precursors and their progeny, we crossed Clec9a-Cre mice to Rosa-lox-STOP-lox-diphtheria toxin (DTA) mice. These mice develop signs of age-dependent myeloproliferative disease, as has been observed in other DC-deficient mouse models. However, despite efficient depletion of cDC progenitors in these mice, cells with phenotypic characteristics of cDCs populate the spleen. These cells are functionally and transcriptionally similar to cDCs in wild type control mice but show somatic rearrangements of Ig-heavy chain genes, characteristic of lymphoid origin cells. Our studies reveal a previously unappreciated developmental heterogeneity of cDCs and suggest that the lymphoid lineage can generate cells with features of cDCs when myeloid cDC progenitors are impaired

Hypophosphataemia after intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose—Real world experience from a tertiary centre in the UK

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common global cause of anaemia. Intravenous (IV) iron is used to correct iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) where oral iron cannot be used. Despite being effective, certain IV iron formulations cause significant hypophosphataemia. However, current knowledge on the clinical consequences of IV iron‐induced hypophosphataemia is broadly anecdotal or limited to isolated case reports. / Aims: To retrospectively examine the incidence and potential clinical consequences of hypophosphataemia post‐IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in hospitalised patients with IDA (mixed aetiology). / Methods: Data were collected for 162 patients, who received a total of 169 FCM courses during a 2‐year audit period. Outcomes included incidence of moderate/severe hypophosphataemia (serum phosphate <0.65 mmol/L) ≤90 days post‐FCM, changes in alkaline phosphatase, need for phosphate replacement, and length of hospital stay. / Results: The incidence of moderate/severe hypophosphataemia post‐FCM was 33.7%; within this group the rate of severe hypophosphataemia (serum phosphate ≤0.32 mmol/L) was 8.8%. Moderate/severe hypophosphataemia persisted, with 35% of patients having a serum phosphate of <0.65 mmol/L for ≤90 days at the last measurement after IV FCM. Intervention with IV phosphate—an average of 4.4 infusions per person—was required in 29.8% of cases with moderate/severe hypophosphataemia. FCM‐induced moderate/severe hypophosphataemia was associated with a significantly longer hospital stay (P < 0.0035). / Conclusions: Moderate/severe hypophosphataemia is a frequent adverse drug reaction with FCM. In our study, FCM‐induced moderate/severe hypophosphataemia was also persistent, often required treatment, and was associated with longer hospital stay

Enteral Nutrition in Adult Crohn’s Disease: Toward a Paradigm Shift

Medical and surgical treatments for Crohn’s disease are associated with toxic effects. Medical therapy aims for mucosal healing and is achievable with biologics, immunosuppressive therapy, and specialised enteral nutrition, but not with corticosteroids. Sustained remission remains a therapeutic challenge. Enteral nutrition, containing macro- and micro-nutrients, is nutritionally complete, and is provided in powder or liquid form. Enteral nutrition is a low-risk and minimally invasive therapy. It is well-established and recommended as first line induction therapy in paediatric Crohn’s disease with remission rates of up to 80%. Other than in Japan, enteral nutrition is not routinely used in the adult population among Western countries, mainly due to unpalatable formulations which lead to poor compliance. This study aims to offer a comprehensive review of available enteral nutrition formulations and the literature supporting the use and mechanisms of action of enteral nutrition in adult Crohn’s disease patients, in order to support clinicians in real world decision-making when offering/accepting treatment. The mechanisms of actions of enteral feed, including their impact on the gut microbiome, were explored. Barriers to the use of enteral nutrition, such as compliance and the route of administration, were considered. All available enteral preparations have been comprehensively described as a practical guide for clinical use. Likewise, guidelines are reported and discussed

A systematic review of the evidence-base for Professional Learning in Early Years Education (The PLEYE Review)

This systematic review brings together international evidence on professional development and learning (PDL) approaches in Early Years Education (EYE) that demonstrate positive impact on children’s outcomes. The review is pertinent and topical and has a strong and direct connection with the current policy drive to a) improve the skills and knowledge of the early years workforce in order to improve outcomes for children, particularly those most at risk of disadvantage and b) develop system-led self-improvement through evidence-based approaches to PDL. Our intention in conducting this review is to stimulate and contribute to sector-led and sector-wide debate about how best to improve the knowledge and skills of the EYE workforce, particularly in the UK. The review will help the user community i.e. policymakers, setting leaders and EYE professionals, to make informed decisions about the types of PDL approaches that are most effective, and to feel confident that those approaches are underpinned by robust and rigorous research evidence. We propose that the EYE sector seeks to develop a framework for professional learning and development opportunities that take into account quality, impact on children’s outcomes, access and affordability

Rough paths in idealized financial markets

This paper considers possible price paths of a financial security in an idealized market. Its main result is that the variation index of typical price paths is at most 2, in this sense, typical price paths are not rougher than typical paths of Brownian motion. We do not make any stochastic assumptions and only assume that the price path is positive and right-continuous. The qualification "typical" means that there is a trading strategy (constructed explicitly in the proof) that risks only one monetary unit but brings infinite capital when the variation index of the realized price path exceeds 2. The paper also reviews some known results for continuous price paths and lists several open problems.Comment: 21 pages, this version adds (in Appendix C) a reference to new results in the foundations of game-theoretic probability based on Hardin and Taylor's work on hat puzzle

On the Influence of Tools on Collaboration in Participative Enterprise Modeling – An Experimental Comparison between Whiteboard and Multi-Touch Table

The paper presents an experiment about the influence of the modeling tool on group work in the context of enterprise modeling. A goal modeling task was set where three groups of three persons worked with a whiteboard, and three groups of three persons worked with a multi-touch table. Comparisons of working styles between the two tools indicate that multi-touch tables promote parallel working and that a team member’s position plays a role in taking on certain tasks. Whiteboard users may more easily lose track of what teammates are doing

The thoughtful self

The relationship between a concept in the external world (e.g., the self), and its representation in cognition

Comparison of clinic-based versus home-based balance and agility training for the symptoms of knee osteo-arthritis

Objective. To compare clinic-based (CB) and home-based (HB) deliveries of a knee osteoarthritis (OA) exercise programme. Methods. Outcomes from a CB exercise study (N=6) utilising kinesthesia, balance and agility (KBA) exercises were compared with those from a HB KBA study (N=6). Both conditions trained 30 minutes, 3 days per week for 8 weeks. CB sessions were conducted in a group led by an exercise physiologist (EP); HB participants received an initial 3 sessions of one-to-one training from an EP, written/pictorial instructions, telephone and e-mail follow-up, and in-person refresher sessions during weeks 4 and 6. The primary outcome was an OA-specific physical function survey. Community activity level, self-report knee stability, 15-m get up and go walk, and stair climb and descent were also measured. Results. Adherence was 94% in both conditions. KBA improved PF in both CB (59%; 18±12.5 pts; p=0.008) and HB (33%; 7.3±7.5 pts; p=0.03), with no difference between conditions. All outcome improvements were somewhat larger for CB, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. We found no difference in outcomes between CB and HB exercise in this preliminary comparison. Our results support that KBA is an effective intervention for symptomatic knee OA that may be delivered in CB or HB settings