The Emotional Effect of Musical Underscoring in the Play columbinus

One of the most debated political topics in today’s media is the prominence of school shootings. During a time of discourse, artists typically use this energy to enhance their work and create emotional pieces of art that cause audiences to think about these events. I chose to work with the play columbinus because I felt the story of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre is important and should still be told, but I also felt this story needed to be emotionally enhanced to reach a younger audience 19 years later. As a musical theatre major, I have a clear understanding of how music is able to impact a large group of people when used in the appropriate manner. Therefore, I felt as though musical underscoring would be a compelling vehicle to heighten the emotional impact of the show. I was able to test how musical underscoring at selected points felt in the context of the show through case study readings, where the results provided me with the final underscoring track list to be used in conjunction with a full production of the show at East Carolina University

File Naming Standards for Digital Collections

This paper discusses file naming standards for the digitization of physical items and outlines the naming conventions used in the University of Iowa\u27s Szathmary Collection

Controlling Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum Salicaria) along Roadsides in St. Lawrence County: Monitoring and Biological Controls

Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) has begun a march through the roadsides and wetlands in New York to replace native wetland vegetation. While purple loosestrife, an herbaceous perennial reaching 2.5 meters in height, can grow in many different soil types, it tends to be found in cattail marshes, bogs, and will often be found in roadside ditches and along waterways. The problem with this is the robustness of the species, growing in dense stands that begin to replace native vegetation. Ultimately, this becomes a threat to local and migratory wildlife, particularly waterfowl that frequently use wetlands in the St. Lawrence Valley as part of migratory routes. The St. Lawrence-Eastern Lake Ontario (SLELO) Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management (PRISM) looks to gather information on this invasion. While this species is listed by the NY DEC as a regulated and prohibited plant, it has not been well studied or documented within the St. Lawrence Valley ecosystem. Currently, a purple loosestrife website for sightings of purple loosestrife in St. Lawrence County has only four confirmed sightings outside the Blue Line of the Adirondack Park from the New York iMap Invasives group (NYISI 2015), and very little specific research has been done in our area

In Situ Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Iron-Catalyzed Hydromagnesiation of Vinyl Arenes

Iron catalysis, especially homogeneous catalysis, has been a resurging topic of organometallic chemistry research. Discussions of past and present mechanistic analyses for homogeneous iron catalysis will be discussed in Chapter 1. As an expansion of homogeneous iron catalysis, in situ infrared spectroscopy will be used to develop a full mechanistic study of iron-catalyzed hydromagnesiation of vinyl arenes. The kinetic analyses by both initial and observed rate measurements indicate complex concentration dependencies on the (PDI)iron catalyst as well as sacrificial Grignard reagent and styrene. These complexities are not limited to non-linear catalyst and Grignard initial rate and inhibition by styrene/Grignard at low concentrations which then change upon reaching concentrations of a 1:1 ratio by observed rates. The process of numeric timecourse simulation of probable mechanisms using COmplex PAthway Simulator (COPASI) led to the identification of a twelve-step mechanism that accurately reproduces experimental timecourse data over a wide variety of reaction conditions.1 This initial analysis was used as a building block for further identification of kinetic complexities when varying the electronics and sterics of the substrates and precatalysts. The development of an unexpected kinetic complexity with respect to the electronics of the styrene derivatives resulted in a strange “arrow-head” shaped Hammett correlation. DFT calculations and numeric timecourse simulation suggest a change in electronic character of a p-methoxystyrene or turnover limiting step, wherein the rate constants for the competitive 2,1- vs 1,2- insertion is significantly lower than that of transmetallation. Furthermore, predictions using the hydromagnesiation mechanism reveal the origins of the observed kinetic complexity. Identification of the limitations of some sacrificial Grignard reagents leads to the explanation of reaction complexity based upon the generation of a gaseous alkene byproduct. Following the kinetic analysis of Grignard reagents, electron-rich styrenes, and pre-catalysts bearing less sterically bulky PDI ligands led to the development of a mechanism consisting of 16 elementary steps

Chagas Disease: “The Kiss of Death”

Chagas disease is a vector transmitted disease also known as American trypanosomiasis. Chagas disease is classified as a protist or protozoa, which is a simplified version of ‘animal-like single celled organism that is like a multicellular organism’. This is because of the trypanosoma cruzi which is the protist itself (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012). This disease’s life cycle is complicated. The trypanosoma cruzi changes forms in its life cycle as it travels from hosts. The disease is first transmitted by the vector as it takes a blood meal. This is where the disease then takes over the cells near the wound cite. The disease grows, multiplying by using binary fission and the infected cell tissue. During the third stage the disease bursts into the blood stream where a new vector takes a blood meal, digesting the disease. The microorganism multiplies within the vector’s body and the cycle repeats (CDC, 2013). The vector, commonly referred to as the ‘Kissing Bug’ is a black and orange striped insect the size of a penny -20 mm

Evaluation of Health and Wellness Education Components, Modalities and Timing on SRNA Self Efficacy and Coping

Background: Health and wellness education is touted as a tool for improved self-efficacy and coping for student registered nurse anesthetists but the details of the effectiveness remain unclear. Objectives: Evaluate effects of content, modalities and timing of health and wellness education on the self efficacy and coping mechanisms of students in a nurse anesthesia training program. Method: Survey responses from 159 participants were collected online. Participants identified their General Self-Efficacy Score (GSE), Brief COPE score, average daily stress, health and wellness education components and the timing and modalities in which they were delivered, and if they assessed their education as adequate. Results: Largest demographic groups were 26-30 years old, female, had 3-5 years nursing experience, and were in the first 18 months of a Doctorate program. Receiving health and wellness education before beginning a nurse anesthesia training program increased the number of components delivered (F(1,80)=0.002, p≤.004). As the number of components delivered increased so did active coping with problem solving, while passive coping with avoidance decreased (r(157)=.385, p≤.01, r(157)= -.269, p ≤.05). As daily stress increased, GSE scores were lower, use of passive coping with social support and avoidance increased, and education was reported more often as inadequate (r(157)= -.286, p≤.01, r(157)= .239, p≤.01, r(157)= .419, p≤.01, r(157)= .238, p=0.01). An adequate assessment of health and wellness education reflected a higher number of components delivered (F(3,78)=14.221, p≤000) and higher GSE scores (F(3,149)=6.099, p≤001). Lower GSE scores were correlated with COPE avoidance behavior and higher scores correlated with positive thinking (r(157)= -0.326, p ≤.01, r(157)= 0.364, p ≤.01). Conclusion: This study established opportunity for the development of more frequent and focused health and wellness education from nurse anesthesia training programs and monitoring of student self-efficacy and coping mechanisms

A Qualitative Exploration of Existing Reflective Practices Used by Undergraduate Dental Students in Paediatric Dentistry

Background: Reflection is increasingly significant for dental students and professionals and is a continuing requirement of dental regulatory bodies. There is a paucity of evidence regarding how best to facilitate deep reflection for dental students. This study explored whether the use of clinical logbooks in undergraduate clinical attachments in Paediatric Dentistry was facilitating deep reflection. Methods: This qualitative study used individual interviews for data collection. This was conducted at the University of Sheffield with third year undergraduate dental students and clinical teaching staff. Interviews were immediately transcribed verbatim. A reflexive approach to thematic analysis was used to co-constitute the data, enabling the development of the thematic framework. Results: The sample compromised 10 students and 4 educators. Thematic analysis generated 4 key themes: understanding of reflection, preparation for reflection, importance of learning through experience, and suggestions for development. The findings indicated that students perceived that they were not being supported in engaging in deep reflection by the use of a clinical logbook and that greater preparation for reflection would be beneficial. Conclusions: The current study revealed that using clinical logbooks during clinical attachments in Paediatric Dentistry was not facilitating deep reflection. Further research is required to explore how deep reflection can be facilitated for undergraduate dental students undertaking clinical learning

The Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Central Africa: A Remotely Sensed Measure of Deforestation and Access

For protected areas that are extensively forested, the rate of deforestation is one indicator of the integrity of the protected area, and the effectiveness of protected area management. The goal of this study was to examine the deforestation rate in protected areas in Central Africa. Using remote sensing techniques, I measured levels of deforestation in 87 protected areas in five countries in Central Africa from 1990-2000. To examine possible causes of deforestation I also measured the level of access in these protected areas. A lack of access to remote areas can limit deforestation, forest degradation, and the resulting loss of biodiversity while decreasing development in rural areas. Access was defined either as natural (rivers) or constructed (e.g. roads or transmission lines). The annual net deforestation rate for protected areas in Central Africa, among the protected areas studied, was 0.05%. This is lower than the annual rate of forest loss found by other studies for the entire Congo Basin forest. Based on the rates of deforestation in the entire Congo Basin and the assumption that protected areas are trying to avoid deforestation, this suggests that Central African protected areas may be effective safeguards against deforestation. Five of the 87 protected areas exhibited zero deforestation, while one forest reserve, Kaga Bandoro in the Central African Republic, showed a five percent net increase in forest cover since 1990. Cameroon's protected areas had significantly higher levels of deforestation than those in the other countries in Central Africa. Within protected areas in each country studied there was a similar level of reforestation of 5%. Deforestation in a 10km area around protected areas was not significantly higher than that found within the protected areas. Protected areas that border other protected areas had significantly lower levels of deforestation than protected areas that were isolated from each other. The increased disturbance caused by increasing access to the forest seems to be of an ephemeral nature, initially resulting in forest loss, but leading to reforestation. There was no difference in deforestation rates when a road or river bordered a protected area, or crossed through a protected area. Only the density of roads or rivers had an effect on the deforestation rates. The secondary impacts of human use on both the forest structure and the wildlife inhabiting the forest are likely to be detrimental, and worthy of further study