Reducing False Hearing In The Elderly: Variability Training In Meta-Audition

A large body of work supports the conclusion that older adults derive more benefit than young adults from the addition of contextual information in speech perception: Hutchinson, 1989; Pichora-Fuller, Schneider, & Daneman, 1995; Pichora-Fuller, 2008). More recent work by Rogers, Jacoby, and Sommers: in prep) showed that when contextual information and sensory information favored competing responses, older adults were more likely to falsely hear the word favored by context. The current research describes two experiments that attempt to mitigate this age-related increase on contextual reliance. Experiment 1 assessed whether the effects of context in Rogers, Jacoby, & Sommers: in prep) were a result of repetition or semantic priming. The results of that experiment revealed that repetition of semantically-associated pairs did not increase false hearing, which supported the notion that context effects were a result of semantic priming. Experiment 2 described two variability-based training procedures aimed at reducing false hearing in older adults. The results showed that while variability-based training did not reduce false hearing to a greater extent than a practice-without-variability control group, age groups differed in their sensitivity to variability. Implications for further training, as well as practical implications for hearing aid users are discussed

The Effect of Bedslide Report on Patient Satisfaction

https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/student_scholarship_posters/1095/thumbnail.jp

Detecting positive selection from genome scans of linkage disequilibrium

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Though a variety of linkage disequilibrium tests have recently been introduced to measure the signal of recent positive selection, the statistical properties of the various methods have not been directly compared. While most applications of these tests have suggested that positive selection has played an important role in recent human history, the results of these tests have varied dramatically.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we evaluate the performance of three statistics designed to detect incomplete selective sweeps, LRH and iHS, and ALnLH. To analyze the properties of these tests, we introduce a new computational method that can model complex population histories with migration and changing population sizes to simulate gene trees influenced by recent positive selection. We demonstrate that iHS performs substantially better than the other two statistics, with power of up to 0.74 at the 0.01 level for the variation best suited for full genome scans and a power of over 0.8 at the 0.01 level for the variation best suited for candidate gene tests. The performance of the iHS statistic was robust to complex demographic histories and variable recombination rates. Genome scans involving the other two statistics suffer from low power and high false positive rates, with false discovery rates of up to 0.96 for ALnLH. The difference in performance between iHS and ALnLH, did not result from the properties of the statistics, but instead from the different methods for mitigating the multiple comparison problem inherent in full genome scans.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We introduce a new method for simulating genealogies influenced by positive selection with complex demographic scenarios. In a power analysis based on this method, iHS outperformed LRH and ALnLH in detecting incomplete selective sweeps. We also show that the single-site iHS statistic is more powerful in a candidate gene test than the multi-site statistic, but that the multi-site statistic maintains a low false discovery rate with only a minor loss of power when applied to a scan of the entire genome. Our results highlight the need for careful consideration of multiple comparison problems when evaluating and interpreting the results of full genome scans for positive selection.</p

Intra-Hospital Pneumatic Tube Systems: Improving Patient Care Through Technological Advancement

https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/student_scholarship_posters/1119/thumbnail.jp

Evaluation of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass harvested in different seasons and locations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>When producing biofuels from dedicated feedstock, agronomic factors such as harvest time and location can impact the downstream production. Thus, this paper studies the effectiveness of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreatment on two harvest times (July and October) and ecotypes/locations (Cave-in-Rock (CIR) harvested in Michigan and Alamo harvested in Alabama) for switchgrass (<it>Panicum virgatum</it>).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both harvest date and ecotype/location determine the pretreatment conditions that produce maximum sugar yields. There was a high degree of correlation between glucose and xylose released regardless of the harvest, pretreatment conditions, or enzyme formulation. Enzyme formulation that produced maximum sugar yields was the same across all harvests except for the CIR October harvest. The least mature sample, the July harvest of CIR switchgrass, released the most sugars (520 g/kg biomass) during enzymatic hydrolysis while requiring the least severe pretreatment conditions. In contrast, the most mature harvest released the least amount of sugars (410 g/kg biomass). All hydrolysates were highly fermentable, although xylose utilisation in the July CIR hydrolysate was poor.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Each harvest type and location responded differently to AFEX pretreatment, although all harvests successfully produced fermentable sugars. Thus, it is necessary to consider an integrated approach between agricultural production and biochemical processing in order to insure optimal productivity.</p

Development of a Smoking Cessation Education Protocol in Acute Care Facilities

https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/student_scholarship_posters/1118/thumbnail.jp

Why doesn’t every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda

© 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This article investigates the reasons householders do, and don’t, adopt domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH). Using a mixed-methods research approach, we collected data in three districts in central Uganda. Factors that emerged as important with respect to uptake of DWRH to address water shortage, especially at the household scale, include the work of intermediary organizations, finance mechanisms, life course dynamics and land tenure

Ventilator care bundles and their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units

https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/student_scholarship_posters/1115/thumbnail.jp

Resonances and superlattice pattern stabilization in two-frequency forced Faraday waves

We investigate the role weakly damped modes play in the selection of Faraday wave patterns forced with rationally-related frequency components m*omega and n*omega. We use symmetry considerations to argue for the special importance of the weakly damped modes oscillating with twice the frequency of the critical mode, and those oscillating primarily with the "difference frequency" |n-m|*omega and the "sum frequency" (n+m)*omega. We then perform a weakly nonlinear analysis using equations of Zhang and Vinals (1997, J. Fluid Mech. 336) which apply to small-amplitude waves on weakly inviscid, semi-infinite fluid layers. For weak damping and forcing and one-dimensional waves, we perform a perturbation expansion through fourth order which yields analytical expressions for onset parameters and the cubic bifurcation coefficient that determines wave amplitude as a function of forcing near onset. For stronger damping and forcing we numerically compute these same parameters, as well as the cubic cross-coupling coefficient for competing waves travelling at an angle theta relative to each other. The resonance effects predicted by symmetry are borne out in the perturbation results for one spatial dimension, and are supported by the numerical results in two dimensions. The difference frequency resonance plays a key role in stabilizing superlattice patterns of the SL-I type observed by Kudrolli, Pier and Gollub (1998, Physica D 123).Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures; corrected figure 1b and minor typos in tex

Ancestral alleles and population origins: Inferences depend on mutation rate

Previous studies have found that at most human loci, ancestral alleles are African, in the sense that they reach their highest frequency there. Conventional wisdom holds that this reflects a recent African origin of modern humans. This paper challenges that view by showing that the empirical pattern (of elevated allele frequencies within Africa) is not as pervasive as has been thought. We confirm this African bias in a set of mainly protein-coding loci, but find a smaller bias in Alu insertion polymorphisms, and an even smaller bias in noncoding loci. Thus, the strong bias that was originally observed must reflect some factor that varies among data sets - something other than population history. This factor may be the per-locus mutation rate: the African bias is most pronounced in loci where this rate is high. The distribution of ancestral alleles among populations has been studied using 2 methods. One of these involves comparing the fractions of loci that reach maximal frequency in each population. The other compares the average frequencies of ancestral alleles. The first of these methods reflects history in a manner that depends on the mutation rate. When that rate is high, ancestral alleles at most loci reach their highest frequency in the ancestral population. When that rate is low, the reverse is true. The other method - comparing averages - is unresponsive. Average ancestral allele frequencies are affected neither by mutation rate nor by the history of population size and migration. In the absence of selection and ascertainment bias, they should be the same everywhere. This is true of one data set, but not of 2 others. This also suggests the action of some factor, such as selection or ascertainment bias, that varies among data sets. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved