Lutte contre les zoonoses en Afrique et en Asie. L'apport de la recherche à " Une seule santé "

International audienceZoonotic diseases cause 2.2 million deaths and 2.4 billion cases of human illness throughout the world. They are concentrated in lowand middle-income countries in Asia and Africa, but the whole world is at risk of a potential pandemic. To combat these diseases, the international organisations are promoting the One Health concept, which is aimed at jointly addressing human health, animal health and the environment. However, the implementation of this approach is encountering numerous technical, scientific and institutional difficulties. Research will facilitate this implementation. This is shown by the interdisciplinary research conducted in Africa and Asia, associating methods used in the fields of human health and animal health, as well as the different stakeholders within these sectors. The promising findings of this research are helping to define the content of the concept and prefigure the management of the One Health initiative.Les zoonoses occasionnent 2,2 millions de victimes et 2,4 milliards de malades dans le monde. Elles se concentrent dans les pays d'Asie et d'Afrique à revenu faible ou moyen. Mais les menaces de pandémie pèsent sur toute la planète. Pour lutter contre ces maladies, les organisations internationales promeuvent l'approche " Une seule santé " (One Health), qui propose d'aborder conjointement la santé humaine, la santé animale et l'environnement. Toutefois, la mise en oeuvre se heurte à de multiples difficultés techniques, scientifiques et institutionnelles. La recherche peut faciliter cette mise en oeuvre. En témoignent des recherches interdisciplinaires conduites en Afrique et en Asie, qui associent des méthodes utilisées en santé humaine et en santé animale, ainsi que des acteurs de ces secteurs. Leurs résultats, prometteurs, précisent le contenu de l'approche et préfigurent la gestion d'" Une seule santé "

Assessment of tillage systems in organic farming: influence of soil structure on microbial biomass. First results

Soil tillage modifies environmental conditions of soil microorganisms and their ability to release nitrogen. We compare the influence of reduced tillage (RT) and mouldboard ploughing (MP) on the soil microbial functioning in organic farming. In order to connect soil structure generated by these tillage systems on the soil microbial biomass we adopt a particular sampling scheme based on the morphological characterisation of the soil structure by the description of the soil profile. This method reveals the influence of soil structure on soil microbial biomass and allows a more precise assessment of the impact of tillage managements on the soil microbial functioning