594 research outputs found
Development of an integrated cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and opioid use disorder: Study protocol and methods
Opioid use disorder is a highly disabling psychiatric disorder, and is associated with both significant functional disruption and risk for negative health outcomes such as infectious disease and fatal overdose. Even among those who receive evidence-based pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder, many drop out of treatment or relapse, highlighting the importance of novel treatment strategies for this population. Over 60% of those with opioid use disorder also meet diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder; however, efficacious treatments for this common co-occurrence have not be established. This manuscript describes the rationale and methods for a behavioral treatment development study designed to develop and test an integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for those with co-occurring opioid use disorder and anxiety disorders. The aims of the study are (1) to develop and pilot test a new manualized cognitive behavioral therapy for co-occurring opioid use disorder and anxiety disorders, (2) to test the efficacy of this treatment relative to an active comparison treatment that targets opioid use disorder alone, and (3) to investigate the role of stress reactivity in both prognosis and recovery from opioid use disorder and anxiety disorders. Our overarching aim is to investigate whether this new treatment improves both anxiety and opioid use disorder outcomes relative to standard treatment. Identifying optimal treatment strategies for this population are needed to improve outcomes among those with this highly disabling and life-threatening disorder.This study was funded by NIDA grant DA035297. The funding source had no involvement in the study design, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication. (DA035297 - NIDA)Accepted manuscrip
Quasar Jets and their Fields
Observations of jets from quasars and other types of accreting black hole are
briefly summarized. The importance of beaming and -ray observations for
understanding the origin of these jets is emphasised. It is argued that both
the power source and the collimation are likely to be magnetic in origin,
although the details remain controversial. Ultrarelativistic jets may be formed
by the spinning hole and collimated by a hydromagnetic disc wind. Progress in
understanding jets has been handicapped by our inadequate knowledge of how
magnetic field really behaves under cosmic conditions. Fortunately, significant
insights are coming from solar observations, numerical simulation and
laboratory plasma experiments. Some possible, evolutionary ramifications are
briefly discussed and it is suggested that it is the mass of the black hole
relative to that of the galaxy which determines the eventual galaxy morphology.Comment: Latex. 17pages Proc Discusison Meeting on Magnetic Activity in Stars,
Discs and Quasars. Ed. D. Lynden-Bell, E. R. Priest and N. O. Weiss. To
appear in Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
Rethinking organoid technology through bioengineering
In recent years considerable progress has been made in the development of faithful procedures for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). An important step in this direction has also been the derivation of organoids. This technology generally relies on traditional three-dimensional culture techniques that exploit cell-autonomous self-organization responses of hPSCs with minimal control over the external inputs supplied to the system. The convergence of stem cell biology and bioengineering offers the possibility to provide these stimuli in a controlled fashion, resulting in the development of naturally inspired approaches to overcome major limitations of this nascent technology. Based on the current developments, we emphasize the achievements and ongoing challenges of bringing together hPSC organoid differentiation, bioengineering and ethics. This Review underlines the need for providing engineering solutions to gain control of self-organization and functionality of hPSC-derived organoids. We expect that this knowledge will guide the community to generate higher-grade hPSC-derived organoids for further applications in developmental biology, drug screening, disease modelling and personalized medicine
On a mixed boundary value problem for an infinite elastic cone
Die Verfasser haben ein gemischtes Randwertproblem für einen unendlichen elastischen Kegel mit Spitzenwinkel 2 α auf die Lösung einer endlichen Wiener-Hopf-Gleichung zurückgeführt. Der wesentliche Schritt besteht darin, eine Funktion K(s) , die in einem Streifen regulär ist, als ein Produkt von Faktoren darzustellen, die auf übereinanderliegenden Halbebenen regulär sind. In dem hier behandelten Fall für willkürliches α ist diese Methode besonders schwierig. In dem Sonderfalle des elastischen Halbraumes α=π/2 können jedoch bekannte Resultate erlangt werden. Das deutet darauf hin, dass die Methode auf das Kegelproblem anwendbar ist, vorausgesetzt dass die erforderliche Faktorzerlegung durchgeführt werden kann.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43308/1/33_2005_Article_BF01601085.pd
Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points Assessment as a Tool to Respond to Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreaks
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) strain H5N1 has had direct and indirect economic impacts arising from direct mortality and control programmes in over 50 countries reporting poultry outbreaks. HPAI H5N1 is now reported as the most widespread and expensive zoonotic disease recorded and continues to pose a global health threat. The aim of this research was to assess the potential of utilising Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) assessments in providing a framework for a rapid response to emerging infectious disease outbreaks. This novel approach applies a scientific process, widely used in food production systems, to assess risks related to a specific emerging health threat within a known zoonotic disease hotspot. We conducted a HACCP assessment for HPAI viruses within Vietnam’s domestic poultry trade and relate our findings to the existing literature. Our HACCP assessment identified poultry flock isolation, transportation, slaughter, preparation and consumption as critical control points for Vietnam’s domestic poultry trade. Introduction of the preventative measures highlighted through this HACCP evaluation would reduce the risks posed by HPAI viruses and pressure on the national economy. We conclude that this HACCP assessment provides compelling evidence for the future potential that HACCP analyses could play in initiating a rapid response to emerging infectious diseases
Quantum measurement as driven phase transition: An exactly solvable model
A model of quantum measurement is proposed, which aims to describe
statistical mechanical aspects of this phenomenon, starting from a purely
Hamiltonian formulation. The macroscopic measurement apparatus is modeled as an
ideal Bose gas, the order parameter of which, that is, the amplitude of the
condensate, is the pointer variable. It is shown that properties of
irreversibility and ergodicity breaking, which are inherent in the model
apparatus, ensure the appearance of definite results of the measurement, and
provide a dynamical realization of wave-function reduction or collapse. The
measurement process takes place in two steps: First, the reduction of the state
of the tested system occurs over a time of order , where
is the temperature of the apparatus, and is the number of its degrees of
freedom. This decoherence process is governed by the apparatus-system
interaction. During the second step classical correlations are established
between the apparatus and the tested system over the much longer time-scale of
equilibration of the apparatus. The influence of the parameters of the model on
non-ideality of the measurement is discussed. Schr\"{o}dinger kittens, EPR
setups and information transfer are analyzed.Comment: 35 pages revte
Finite time and asymptotic behaviour of the maximal excursion of a random walk
We evaluate the limit distribution of the maximal excursion of a random walk
in any dimension for homogeneous environments and for self-similar supports
under the assumption of spherical symmetry. This distribution is obtained in
closed form and is an approximation of the exact distribution comparable to
that obtained by real space renormalization methods. Then we focus on the early
time behaviour of this quantity. The instantaneous diffusion exponent
exhibits a systematic overshooting of the long time exponent. Exact results are
obtained in one dimension up to third order in . In two dimensions,
on a regular lattice and on the Sierpi\'nski gasket we find numerically that
the analytic scaling holds.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted J. Phys.
Составление композиций из поверхностно активных веществ для устранения асфальтенопарофиновых отложений
International audienceWe present SLAPbook, an application using SLAP, translucent and tangible widgets for use on vision-based multi-touch tabletops in Single Display Groupware (SDG) environments. SLAP stands for Silicone ILluminated Active Peripherals and includes widgets such as sliders, knobs, keyboards, and buttons. The widgets add tactile feedback to multi-touch tables while simultaneously providing dynamic relabeling to tangible objects using the table's rear projection. SLAPbook provides multiple users the ability to add and edit content to a guestbook, browse other peoples' entries, and access personal data using a token-based personalization system. Interaction with the table takes place in the personal and public space so that users can make use of personal and shared controls to perform separate and coordinative actions
Increased ventral striatal volume in college-aged binge drinkers
BACKGROUND
Binge drinking is a serious public health issue associated with cognitive, physiological, and anatomical differences from healthy individuals. No studies, however, have reported subcortical grey matter differences in this population. To address this, we compared the grey matter volumes of college-age binge drinkers and healthy controls, focusing on the ventral striatum, hippocampus and amygdala.
METHOD
T1-weighted images of 19 binge drinkers and 19 healthy volunteers were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Structural data were also covaried with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores. Cluster-extent threshold and small volume corrections were both used to analyze imaging data.
RESULTS
Binge drinkers had significantly larger ventral striatal grey matter volumes compared to controls. There were no between group differences in hippocampal or amygdalar volume. Ventral striatal, amygdalar, and hippocampal volumes were also negatively related to AUDIT scores across groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings stand in contrast to the lower ventral striatal volume previously observed in more severe forms of alcohol use disorders, suggesting that college-age binge drinkers may represent a distinct population from those groups. These findings may instead represent early sequelae, compensatory effects of repeated binge and withdrawal, or an endophenotypic risk factor
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