The Role of Occupants in Buildings’ Energy Performance Gap: Myth or Reality?

Buildings’ expected (projected, simulated) energy use frequently does not match actual observations. This is commonly referred to as the energy performance gap. As such, many factors can contribute to the disagreement between expectations and observations. These include, for instance, uncertainty about buildings’ geometry, construction, systems, and weather conditions. However, the role of occupants in the energy performance gap has recently attracted much attention. It has even been suggested that occupants are the main cause of the energy performance gap. This, in turn, has led to suggestions that better models of occupant behavior can reduce the energy performance gap. The present effort aims at the review and evaluation of the evidence for such claims. To this end, a systematic literature search was conducted and relevant publications were identified and reviewed in detail. The review entailed the categorization of the studies according to the scope and strength of the evidence for occupants’ role in the energy performance gap. Moreover, deployed calculation and monitoring methods, normalization procedures, and reported causes and magnitudes of the energy performance gap were documented and evaluated. The results suggest that the role of occupants as significant or exclusive contributors to the energy performance gap is not sufficiently substantiated by evidence.</jats:p

Evaluation of resisdence time measurements on heat exchangers for the determination of dispersive Peclet numbers

The recently developed special unity Mach number dispersion model prescribes the corrections to heat transfer coefficients which are simple functions of the dispersive Peclet numbers. They can be determined through the residence time measurements. An evaluation method is described in which the measured input and response concentration profiles are numerically Laplace transformed and evaluated in the frequency domain. A characteristic mean Peclet number is defined. The method is also applied to the parabolic dispersion model and the cascade model. A calculated example of a tube bundle with maldistribution and backflow demonstrates the suitability of the evaluation method

Evaluation of temperature oscillation experiment for the determination of heat transfer coefficient and dispersive Peclet number

An evaluation method is developed for temperature oscillation experiments in heat exchangers. The unity Mach number dispersion model is applied. For the consideration of lateral wall heat conduction an effective wall thickness is introduced together with a wall heat transfer coefficient. The evaluation method may also be applied to single blow experiments with pulse signals. A sensitivity analysis describes and discusses the accuracy of different evaluation procedures

Evaluation of resisdence time measurements on heat exchangers for the determination of dispersive Peclet numbers

The recently developed special unity Mach number dispersion model prescribes the corrections to heat transfer coefficients which are simple functions of the dispersive Peclet numbers. They can be determined through the residence time measurements. An evaluation method is described in which the measured input and response concentration profiles are numerically Laplace transformed and evaluated in the frequency domain. A characteristic mean Peclet number is defined. The method is also applied to the parabolic dispersion model and the cascade model. A calculated example of a tube bundle with maldistribution and backflow demonstrates the suitability of the evaluation method

Dr. Peter Pervesler (1. September 1951 - 25. Oktober 2015)

Se encuentra ubicado al Noroeste de la población de Pinos Puente, al Norte del importante yacimiento arqueológico del Cerro de los Infantes, sobre la margen derecha del río Velillos, bajo el cortijo de los Ángeles. Se ha denominado como Castillo de Velillos, por la posibilidad de que se corresponda con el que se describe en las crónicas, a unas estructuras castrales que se sitúan sobre otras anteriores, seguramente romanas, de las que la arqueología tendrá mucho que decir. La estructura actual corresponde a un rectángulo, con sus lados mayores con orientación Norte-Sur, teniendo, al parecer, un patio central trapezoidal y naves para alojamiento de la guarnición en los lados Norte, Este y Sur. En el lado Oeste parece ser que había una torre de grandes proporciones, cuyos restos de muros se ven bajo los del actual cortijo. Los muros de la zona Sur se encuentran enterrados. Todos los muros están construidos con tapial de cal y canto, formando tabillas, por lo que se deduce el uso de encofrados. Tiene un grosor de 73 centímetros. En el centro de la nave Norte hay una sala, usada posteriormente como corral cubierto para animales y con fábricas superpuestas, que parece corresponder con el primitivo aljibe de la fortaleza, teniendo el muro Sur de hormigón de cal y arranque de bóveda del mismo material en el ángulo Sureste. Posiblemente, la puerta de acceso al conjunto estuviera al Sur de la mencionada supuesta torre, existiendo un resto de muro de mayor anchura, cerca de un metro. La muralla Norte, presenta al menos cuatro contrafuertes, construida al mismo tiempo que el resto del paño, para contrarrestar los empujes del relleno del terreno y del posible aljibe. En esta parte, la muralla tendría doble altura por el desnivel. El cortijo de los Ángeles ocupa todo el lado Oeste del castillo, por lo que no se puede apreciar sus restos, si bien se observa cómo sus muros se han usado de cimentación de aquel. En el lado Norte, hay restos de construcciones entre las dos murallas