Remotely Searching for Noctiluca Miliaris in the Arabian Sea

Reversing monsoonal winds in the Arabian Sea result in two seasons with elevated biological activity, namely the annual summer Southwest Monsoon (SWM; June to September) and winter Northeast Monsoon (NEM; November to March) [Wiggert et al., 2005]. Generally speaking, the SWM and NEM create two geographically distinct blooms [Banse and English, 2000; Levy et al., 2007]. In the summer, winds from the southwest drive offshore Ekman transport and coastal upwelling along the northwestern coast of Africa, which brings nutrient-rich water to the surface from below the permanent thermocline [Bauer et al., 1991]. In the winter, cooling of the northern Arabian Sea causes surface waters to sink, which generates convective mixing that injects nutrients throughout the upper mixed layer [Madhupratap et al., 1996]. This fertilization of otherwise nutrient-deplete surface waters produces one of the most substantial seasonal extremes of phytoplankton biomass and carbon flux anywhere in the world [Smith, 2005]

DTUJET--93 Sampling inelastic proton--proton and antiproton--proton collisions according to the two--component Dual Parton Model

A new version of a Monte Carlo Program for hadronic multi-particle production is presented. It is based on the two-component Dual Parton Model which includes the dual topological unitarization of soft and hard cross sections. The model treats both soft (low $p_{\perp}$) and hard (minijet, large $p_{\perp}$) processes in a unified and consistent way. The unified description is important at TeV-energies of hadron colliders, where the hard perturbative cross sections of QCD become large and comparable to the total cross sections.Comment: 20 pages , PHYSZZX, SI-93-

Calculation Of Secondary Particles In Atmosphere And Hadronic Interactions

Calculation of secondary particles produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the nuclei of Earth's atmosphere pose important requirements to particle production models. Here we summarize the important features of hadronic simulations, stressing the importance of the so called ``microscopic'' approach, making explicit reference to the case of the FLUKA code. Some benchmarks are also presented.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Extended version of report given at the IInd Workshop on Matter and anti-Matter, Trento, Oct. 200

The physics models of FLUKA: status and recent development

A description of the intermediate and high energy hadronic interaction models used in the FLUKA code is given. Benchmarking against experimental data is also reported in order to validate the model performances. Finally the most recent developments and perspectives for nucleus-nucleus interactions are described together with some comparisons with experimental data.Comment: talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 10 pages, p

A model for in vitro evaluation of overlapping connections between devices used in the endovascular repair of popliteal aneurysms

This work proposes a new methodology to investigate the potential for disconnection (Type III endoleak) of pairs of overlapped endoprostheses in a popliteal model vessel after a cyclic physiologic load, for three different overlap lengths. A multiaxial fatigue accelerated testing was designed to mimic the physiological loads and movements to which the peripheral arteries are submitted during gait. The experiment design was based on principles from technical standards ASTM F2477-07 and ASTM F2942-13. Migration and disconnection were monitored by DIC (Digital Image Correlation) for three different overlap lengths (20, 30 and 40mm). The testing method proposed in this work was efficient to provide a simulated environment to evaluate the influence of gait biomechanics on overlapped endoprosthesis disconnection. Obtained results demonstrated minimal or absence of relevant migration between the endoprosthesis, range -0.06 to 0,34 millimeters. The proposed methodology was verified as a valuable tool to investigate the influence of the biomechanical environment which the devices are subjected to on the migration of overlapped endoprosthesis. It may become a new alternative to study the pre-clinical in vitro performance of single endoprosthesis or multiple connected devices with different overlapped regions

On the inter-foil spacing and phase lag of tandem flapping foil propulsors

The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical basis upon which to advance and deploy novel tandem flapping foil systems for efficient marine propulsion. We put forth three key insights into tandem flapping foil hydrodynamics related to their choreography, propulsive efficiency, and unsteady loading. In particular, we propose that the performance of the aft foil depends on a new nondimensional number, s/Utau, which is the inter-foil separation s normalized by the distance that the freestream U advects in one flapping period tau. Additionally, we show how unsteady loading can be mitigated through choice of phase lag

The evaluation of a shuttle borne lidar experiment to measure the global distribution of aerosols and their effect on the atmospheric heat budget

A shuttle-borne lidar system is described, which will provide basic data about aerosol distributions for developing climatological models. Topics discussed include: (1) present knowledge of the physical characteristics of desert aerosols and the absorption characteristics of atmospheric gas, (2) radiative heating computations, and (3) general circulation models. The characteristics of a shuttle-borne radar are presented along with some laboratory studies which identify schemes that permit the implementation of a high spectral resolution lidar system

An updated Monte Carlo calculation of the CNGS neutrino beam

The new release of the CNGS neutrino beam simulation, which describes the beam-line features according to its final design, and its main results are presented and discussed. Storage of neutrino identity, energy and history in n-tuple format is also described, so that the experiments at the Gran Sasso can fully exploit all the informations from beam simulations