Improving health promotion through central rating of interventions: the need for Responsive Guidance.

In several countries, attempts are made to improve health promotion by centrally rating the effectiveness of health promotion interventions. The Dutch Effectiveness Rating System (ERS) for health promotion interventions is an improvement-oriented approach in which multi-disciplinary expert committees rate available health promotion interventions as 'theoretically sound', 'probably effective' or 'proven effective'. The aim of this study is to explore the functioning of the ERS and the perspective of researchers, policy-makers and practitioners regarding its contribution to improvement

Correction: Improving health promotion through central rating of interventions: The need for Responsive Guidance

__Correction:__ It has been highlighted that the original manuscript [1] contains a typesetting error in the surname of Caspar David Roelofs. This was incorrectly captured as Caspar David Roelefs in the original manuscript which has since been updated

Formation of Cu-Rich and Sn-Poor CZTSSe via Cu₃Sn(S,Se)₄‑ZnS Solid-Solution as the Intermediate

In Cu₂ZnSn­(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells, it is commonly accepted that a Cu-poor and Zn-rich composition is required for high-efficiency devices. However, the finding from our nanoparticle-derived CZTSSe photovoltaic (PV) devices challenges this belief. Despite starting with a Cu-poor and Zn-rich nanoparticle precursor film, STEM-EDS compositional analysis of the photoactive large-grain layer in our high-efficiency CZTSSe thin film PV devices revealed a surprising Cu-rich and Sn-poor composition. Multiple approaches were employed to confirm the Cu-rich and Sn-poor composition determined by STEM-EDS. In order to understand why the large-grain layer in our nanoparticle-derived CZTSSe thin films is Cu-rich and Sn-poor, a detailed investigation of the formation mechanism of the bilayer CZTSSe thin film was undertaken by tracking the evolution of the microstructure, crystalline phases, and composition of annealed precursor films ex situ. From this mechanistic study, we found an intermediate phase is formed on top of the precursor films at temperatures as low as 450 °C. STEM-EDS analysis of the intermediate phase reveals an interesting composition that appears to be a solid-solution between Cu₃Sn­(S,Se)₄ and ZnS, i.e. Cu₃Sn­(S,Se)₄-ZnS. We propose that during the high-temperature annealing step, the Cu₃Sn­(S,Se)₄-ZnS intermediates lead to the formation of the densely packed Cu-rich and Sn-poor CZTSSe large-grain layer