Economic Implications of Fully-Protected Marine Reserves for Coral Reef Fisheries

Overexploitation of coral reefs causes species loss, stock collapses and habitat degradation and remains a major challenge for fisheries scientists and managers alike. To counter these, fully-protected marine reserves, areas closed to fishing and other harmful human activities represent an essential component of coral reef fisheries management. They overcome many of the management complexities of coral reefs, such as lack of data and enforcement, and provide vital opportunities for unhindered growth of fish stocks and protection of coral communities. Their role in conserving biodiversity and protecting habitat is undisputed.Publishe

Discrepancies between patients and professionals in the assessment of patient needs: a quantitative study of Norwegian mental health care

Artikkelen undersøker avvik mellom pasienter og fagfolks vurderinger av pasientens behov. Analyser kan indikere vekt på brukerorientering i norsk psykisk helsevern.Fagfolk og pasienter viste tydelig uenighet med hensyn til mengde og type behov som var til stede. Spesielt fagfolk identifiserte flere behov enn pasienter (9,3 vs. 4,3, henholdsvis) og denne forskjellen var preget av et sterkt faglig fokus på behov angående profesjonell overvåking og oppfølging. En lav faglig vekt på brukermedvirkning kan være indisert i noen tilfeller. Resultatene er diskutert med hensyn til spenningen mellom autonomi og omsorgsbehov

Statistical characteristics of Arctic forecast busts and their relationship to Arctic weather patterns in summer

Abstract Recently, human activity in the Arctic region, such as trans‐Arctic shipping, has increased due to the reduction in Arctic sea ice. Accurate weather forecasts will become increasingly important as the level of human activity in the Arctic continues to increase. Operational numerical weather predictions (NWPs) have been improved considerably over recent decades; however, they still occasionally generate large forecast errors referred to as “forecast busts.” This study investigates forecast busts over the Arctic between 2008 and 2019 using operational forecasts from five leading NWP centers. Forecasts with an anomaly correlation coefficient below its climatological 10th percentile, and a root‐mean‐square error above its 90th percentile at a lead time of 144 hr, are regarded as “busts.” The occurrence frequency of forecast busts decreased from 2008 (13–7%) to 2012 and was between 2 and 6% for the period 2012–2019. Arctic forecast busts were most frequent in the May and July–September periods (~6 to 7%), but less frequent between December and March (~4%). The summertime forecast bust occurred more frequently when the initial pattern was the Greenland Blocking (GB) or Arctic Cyclone (AC) pattern rather than one of the other patterns. Some busts occurred without the weather pattern transition (~22 to 40%), but the others occurred with the pattern transition. These results help users to be careful when they use the forecasts initialized on GB and AC patterns