Influencia De Las Variables Sociodemográficas En El Rendimiento Escolar Del Alumnado De Educación Secundaria

The competency-based approach meant the incorporation into the educational system of a repeated demand received regarding the adaptation of school work to the real needs of the students environment through active methods The task-based approach is the application of the competencybased perspective in a linguistic subject After implementing the task-based approach and through reflective practice the learning achieved was evaluated to check whether the results of the same show differences in relation to socio-demographic variables Based on a quasi-experimental design a control group and an experimental group of 124 secondary school students were used An evaluation instrument was designed and validated for data collection The results of the research presented here show to what extent the socio-demographic variables of the students have been determining factors in their level of learning achieved in the language proficiency factors studie

Psychometric Properties of the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatigue Scale: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study

Background: Pandemic fatigue is defined as feelings of demotivation to follow preventive measures against COVID-19, together with decreased trust in government and frequency of information-seeking behaviors. Objective: This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the COVID-19-specific pandemic fatigue scale according to classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch model approaches in the general Spanish population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 1018 adults who completed an online survey in November 2020 in the framework of the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO)-Spain project. The assessments included the 6-item COVID-19 Pandemic Fatigue Scale (CPFS) and other COVID-19-related variables: COVID-19 infection, adherence to preventive behaviors, information-seeking behavior, self-efficacy, worry, and cognitive and affective risk perception. Data quality, acceptability, reliability, and validity were analyzed according to CTT, and the fit to the Rasch model, unidimensionality, appropriateness of the response scale, item local independency, reliability (person-separation index [PSI]), and item-person distribution were also calculated. Results: The mean CPFS score was 17.06 (SD 5.04, range 6-30), with higher scores for women, younger participants, participants who never seek information on COVID-19, those who think they would contract a mild disease in case of infection, those with higher level of worry about coronavirus/COVID-19, and those who felt depressed or felt the coronavirus/COVID-19 is spreading slowly (all P<.01). The Cronbach alpha for the CPFS was 0.74. In the confirmatory factor analysis, one factor was identified (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=.02; comparative fit index [CFI]=.99; χ25=8.06, P=.15). The CPFS showed good fit to the Rasch model (χ 224=42.025, P=.01, PSI=.642), unidimensionality (binomial 95% CI -.005 to .045), and item local independency. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CPFS has moderate reliability and internal consistency and it is composed of a single dimension. It is a useful tool to ascertain the level of pandemic fatigue in the general population, which may help to guide the communication and information strategies to face the COVID-19 pandemic.The research was funded by the Carlos III Health Institute. The funder had no role in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the paper; or decision to submit for publication.S

Kainate Receptors: Role in Epilepsy

Kainate (KA) is a potent neurotoxin that has been widely used experimentally to induce acute brain seizures and, after repetitive treatments, as a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), with similar features to those observed in human patients with TLE. However, whether KA activates KA receptors (KARs) as an agonist to mediate the induction of acute seizures and/or the chronic phase of epilepsy, or whether epileptogenic effects of the neurotoxin are indirect and/or mediated by other types of receptors, has yet to be satisfactorily elucidated. Positing a direct involvement of KARs in acute seizures induction, as well as a direct pathophysiological role of KARs in the chronic phase of TLE, recent studies have examined the specific subunit compositions of KARs that might underly epileptogenesis. In the present mini-review, we discuss the use of KA as a convulsant in the experimental models of acute seizures of TLE, and consider the involvement of KARs, their subunit composition and the mode of action in KAR-mediated epilepsy. In acute models, evidence points to epileptogenesis being precipitated by an overall depression of interneuron GABAergic transmission mediated by GluK1 containing KARs. On glutamatergic principal cell in the hippocampus, GluK2-containing KARs regulate post-synaptic excitability and susceptibility to KA-mediated epileptogenesis. In chronic models, a role GluK2-containing KARs in the hippocampal CA3 region provokes limbic seizures. Also observed in the hippocampus, is a ‘reactive plasticity’, where MF sprouting is seen with target granule cells at aberrant synapses recruiting de novo GluR2/GluR5 heteromeric KARs. Finally, in human epilepsy and animal models, astrocytic expression of GluK1, 2, 4, and 5 is reported

Disability in higher education: do reasonable adjustments contribute to an inclusive curriculum?

The study focuses on the importance of inclusive curriculum design in Higher Education (HE) and the impact of reasonable adjustments in ensuring inclusive practices. Although making reasonable adjustments attempts to ensure inclusivity, the data gathered suggests that some staff struggle to accommodate disabled students, due to a lack of knowledge, training and awareness of disability. The findings are drawn from qualitative data collected from five participants by way of in-depth interviews. The study explored the perceptions of staff members in a Law School, and attempts to offer practical recommendations to ensure HE institutions adopt inclusive practices in their curriculum design. The findings suggest that having an inclusive curriculum can in some cases minimise or obviate the need to make reasonable adjustments. It is suggested that HE institutions should now switch their focus to the social model of disability which focuses on attitudes, so as to transform the perception of staff towards disabled students. Additionally, practical solutions are provided in an attempt to recognise that disabled students may need to be treated differently, in order to achieve their full potential, which ultimately ensures inclusion within the curriculum

Cerebellar Kainate Receptor-Mediated Facilitation of Glutamate Release Requires Ca2+-Calmodulin and PKA

We elucidated the mechanisms underlying the kainate receptor (KAR)-mediated facilitatory modulation of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum. In cerebellar slices, KA (3 μM) increased the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) at synapses between axon terminals of parallel fibers (PF) and Purkinje neurons. KA-mediated facilitation was antagonized by NBQX under condition where AMPA receptors were previously antagonized. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) suppressed the effect of KA on glutamate release, which was also obviated by the prior stimulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC). KAR-mediated facilitation of synaptic transmission was prevented by blocking Ca2+ permeant KARs using philanthotoxin. Furthermore, depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by thapsigargin, or inhibition of Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release by ryanodine, abrogated the synaptic facilitation by KA. Thus, the KA-mediated modulation was conditional on extracellular Ca2+ entry through Ca2+-permeable KARs, as well as and mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Finally, KAR-mediated facilitation was sensitive to calmodulin inhibitors, W-7 and calmidazolium, indicating that the increased cytosolic [Ca2+] sustaining KAR-mediated facilitation of synaptic transmission operates through a downstream Ca2+/calmodulin coupling. We conclude that, at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, presynaptic KARs mediate glutamate release facilitation, and thereby enhance synaptic transmission through Ca2+-calmodulin dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/ protein kinase A signaling

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Spain and associated factors

Introduction: The present study explores the reasons of those who have not been vaccinated in the later stage of the vaccine rollout in Spain and its associated determinants. Methods: Cluster and logistic regression analyses were used to assess differences in claimed reasons for vaccine hesitancy in Spain using two samples of unvaccinated people (18-40 years old) gathered by an online cross-sectional survey from social networks (n = 910) and from a representative panel (n = 963) in October-November 2021. Results: The main reasons for not being vaccinated were believing that the COVID-19 vaccines had been developed too fast, they were experimental, and they were not safe, endorsed by 68.7% participants in the social network sample and 55.4% in the panel sample. The cluster analysis classified the participants into two groups. Logistic regression showed that Cluster 2 (individuals who reported structural constraints and health-related reasons such as pregnancy or medical recommendation) presented a lower trust in information from health professionals, had a lower willingness to get vaccinated in the future, and avoided less social/family events than those in Cluster 1 (reasons centered in distrust on COVID-19 vaccines, conspiracy thoughts and complacency). Conclusions: It is important to promote information campaigns that provide reliable information and fight fake news and myths. Future vaccination intention differs in both clusters, so these results are important for developing strategies target to increase vaccination uptake for those who do not reject the COVID-19 vaccine completely.The research was funded by Carlos III Health Institute. This study was also partially funded by RICAPPS (Carlos III Health Institute, ref: RD21CIII/0003/0002). The funder had no role in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the paper; and/or decision to submit for publication.S

EVALUACIÓN DE COLOR DEL GARBANZO (Cicer arietinum L.) POR MÉTODOS INSTRUMENTALES Y SENSORIALES

Chickpea is a well recognized source of vegetable protein, especially in underdeveloped areas of the world. Mexican chickpea is highly priced in the international market due to its desired quality. The Northwest of Mexico, especially Sonora and Sinaloa, are also recognized for the quality of chickpea, where a high percentage of the annual production is placed in the international market. Among the various characteristics of high-quality chickpea, color is one of the most important, since it influences both: the selection of new improved varieties at the experimental research stations, and also the price at the international market. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two objective instrumental methods of color determination as related to sensory evaluation analysis, using a panel of trained judges. The color determination method with the highest correlation with sensory evaluation results could be used for the implementation of a color scale for chickpeas. Results from this study will help the improvement selection programs at the agriculture experimental stations for the selection of chickpea varieties with better color quality attributes and also it will increase the commercialization of chickpea produced in the Northwest of Mexico. Ten chickpea samples were selected for this study: seven were chickpea varieties and three were advanced lines, under improved selection programs. Samples were measured by the reflectometer, AGTRON (Md. M300A) and Hunter Lab. apparatus. Sensory evaluation analyses were conducted using a ranking test, where a trained panel of twelve judges ranked chickpea samples in their preference of color. Statistical analyses of variance showed a significantly high correlation between objective and subjective methodologies for color determination.Chickpeas, color, instrumental methods, sensory evaluation., Agribusiness,

Comercializadora Esencia de Café en el municipio de Estelí durante el periodo de abril a junio del 2022

La presente investigación lleva por nombre Implementación de un Sistema de Costos por procesos en la Comercializadora Esencia de Café ubicada en el municipio de Estelí durante el período de abril a junio del 2022. Se escoge este tema debido a la necesidad que se tiene en las pequeñas empresas de poseer el control exacto de cada uno de sus costos que incurren en el proceso productivo, ya que la mayoría lleva sus registros de manera informal y de forma empírica, además de que no poseen los conocimientos contables necesarios para poder plantearse la idea de utilizar un sistema que les facilite estas actividades. El objetivo principal de la tesis es el de evaluar la aplicación de un sistema de costos por procesos en la producción de café en la empresa estudiada. El desarrollo del diseño metodológico se dio mediante la aplicación de instrumentos como la entrevista aplicada directamente al propietario y la guía de observación dispuesta de forma directa a la empresa. El supuesto planteado es si la aplicación de un sistema de costos por procesos contribuirá de manera positiva a la obtención de costos más exactos y fiables durante el proceso productivo. La conclusión principal de la investigación es que la aplicación de un Sistema de costos por procesos en la Comercializadora Esencia de Café ayuda al registro de adecuado de su proceso productivo y conocer sus gastos reales y determinar el costo unitario de su producto, además de que se permite demostrar la necesidad de la empresa de disponer de una persona capacitada para poder ejecutar de forma adecuada el sistema de costos por procesos dentro de la comercializadora, en otras palabras, un contador que pueda reflejar las actividades del proceso productivo, costos y gastos incurridos en el sistema y en los estados financieros para poder tomar mejores decisiones en base a los resultado