Micromechanical mapping of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride composites by means of high-speed nanoindentation: Assessment of microstructural assemblage effects

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitrides (PcBNs) are composites widely used as cutting tool materials due to their exceptional high hardness and wear resistance. Investigation of their micromechanical properties is key for optimizing PcBN’s performance through microstructural design. Within this context, high-speed nanoindentation is proposed and implemented, for three different PcBN grades, to correlate microstructure with local mechanical properties. A total of 40,000 imprints were performed in each grade. The obtained mechanical maps and data sets are statistically treated following two deconvolution approaches: 1D and 2D Gaussian fitting. The use of high-speed nanoindentation is validated not only by the reliable assessment of the intrinsic mechanical properties of cBN particles, binder and interphase region, but also by the successful mirroring of microstructural assemblage within the mechanical maps attained. Comparison of the results determined from 1D and 2D gaussian representations are in satisfactory agreement. Nevertheless, some difficulties and disparity between them arises when involving fine-grained microstructures.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Cardioeducación una propuesta innovadora para desarrollar en el aula de la Formación Inicial de Maestros del Grado de Educación Infantil.

La enfermedad cardiovascular, es la primera causa de muerte en los países desarrollados, independientemente del hemisferio. La comunidad autónoma de Andalucía es la primera en el ranking de tasas por mortandad asociada al infarto agudo de miocardio, de toda España. Es por ello que este problemática que afecta tanto a la salud pública como social y económicamente requiere no sólo de la tecnología y el avance médico-farmacológico sino de la prevención de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos propios de la enfermedad. Sociedades Científicas, como la Sociedad Española del Corazón (SEC), o la Fundación Española del Corazón (FEC) promueven desde sus actuaciones una dieta saludable y, para ello, hábitos de consumo claves para un corazón sano (Plaz-Celemín, 2015). Esta medida preventiva, tiene una vinculación estrecha con la formación en la etapa infantil, etapa crucial donde se aprenden los hábitos primordiales que serán habituales en su etapa adulta. Es por ello que plantear al alumnado en formación inicial de maestros (AFIM), cuestiones relevantes basadas en la indagación, la modelización y la argumentación impulsando el pensamiento crítico contribuye significativamente a la alfabetización en el área de la cardiología y de la enfermedad cardiovascular, así como de su impacto y de los mecanismos preventivos basados en los hábitos de vida saludables. Nuestro grupo de investigación ha acuñado el término de Cardioeducación a la convergencia del área de la cardiología fisiopatológica y la educación

Uma nova disciplinha para o treinamento de formadores e educadores da area da didática das ciências experimentais

La creciente demanda de la sociedad por un estado saludable físico y psíquico obliga a reflexionar sobre programas formativos para desarrollar la competencia en alimentación (Cabello-Garrido, EspañaRamos y Blanco-López, 2016). Desde la Fundación Española del Corazón (FEC), se promueve que para una dieta cardiosaludable el saber qué comprar es clave para un corazón sano (Plaza-Celemín, 2015). Se aboga por una dieta equilibrada donde se apremia los alimentos ricos en hidratos de carbono incluyendo: patatas, legumbres, pan, arroz, pasta, cereales, verduras, hortalizas, frutas y frutos secos a razón de un porcentaje mayor del 50%. Los alimentos ricos en grasas con un porcentaje entre el 3035% eligiendo aceite de oliva virgen y aceite de girasol alto oleico como aceite de fritura. Y entorno al 10-15% de productos ricos en proteínas como lácteos y carnes como publica la prestigiosa revista JAMA (C.B. et al., 2012). Por ello el primer paso para conseguir una dieta equilibrada se inicia por saber qué comprar (Ordovas & Berciano, 2014), aprendiendo a comprar según el contenido nutricional sabiendo analizar el etiquetado los alimentos (García-Ortiz, 2015). La competencia alimentaria no sólo incluye el saber qué comprar en función de su etiquetado analizando las calorías, grasas saturadas, sal y azúcares sino en cómo comerlo y cocinarlo y propiciar el entorno adecuado para alimentarse de manera apropiada (Cabello-Garrido, España-Ramos y Blanco-López, 2016).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

La cardioeducación: una nueva disciplina en la educación infantil

La cardioeducación es una nueva disciplina que hemos creado desde el departamento de Didáctica de las ciencias experimentales y el Departamento de Fisiología Humana para dar formación a los maestros y maestras en formación del grado de Educación Infantil con el fin de mejorar su conocimiento en el tema . La enfermedad cardiovascular es la primera causa de muerte en el mundo y es fundamental generar disciplinas transversales que busquen la mejora en la formación de nuestro alumnado.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Spain

With the aim of determining rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (RVVE) in Spain, from Oct-2008/Jun-2009, 467 consecutive children below 2 years old with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) were recruited using a pediatric research network (ReGALIP-www.regalip.org) that includes primary, emergency and hospital care settings. Of 467 enrolled children, 32.3% were rotavirus positive and 35.0% had received at least one dose of any rotavirus vaccine. RRVE to prevent any episode of rotavirus AGE was 91.5% (95% CI: 83.7%-95.6%). RVVE to prevent hospitalization by rotavirus AGE was 95.6% (85.6-98.6%). No differences in RVVE were found regarding the vaccine used. Rotavirus vaccines have showed an outstanding effectiveness in Spain

Project T-SHARP: study protocol for a multi-site randomized controlled trial of tele-harm reduction for people with HIV who inject drugs

Background The resurgence of HIV outbreaks and rising prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) remain exigent obstacles to Ending the HIV Epidemic in the USA. Adapting a low threshold, comprehensive treatment model for PWID with HIV can leverage syringe services programs (SSPs) to increase availability and accessibility of antiretrovirals (ART), medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and hepatitis C cure. We developed Tele-Harm Reduction, a telehealth-enhanced, harm reduction intervention delivered within an SSP venue. Methods The T-SHARP trial is an open-label, multi-site, randomized controlled superiority trial with two parallel treatment arms. Participants (n=240) recruited from SSPs in Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, and Tampa, Florida, who are PWID with uncontrolled HIV (i.e., HIV RNA>200) will be randomized to Tele-Harm Reduction or off-site linkage to HIV care. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of Tele-Harm Reduction for initiation of ART at SSPs vs. off-site linkage to an HIV clinic with respect to viral suppression across follow-up (suppression at 3, 6, and 12 months post randomization). Participants with HIV RNA<200 copies/ml will be considered virally suppressed. The primary trial outcome is time-averaged HIV viral suppression (HIV RNA <200 copies/ml) over 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include initiation of MOUD measured by urine drug screen and HCV cure, defined as achieving 12-week sustained virologic response (negative HCV RNA at 12 weeks post treatment completion). A cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed. Discussion The T-SHARP Trial will be the first to our knowledge to test the efficacy of an innovative telehealth intervention with PWID with uncontrolled HIV delivered via an SSP to support HIV viral suppression. Tele-Harm Reduction is further facilitated by a peer to support adherence and bridge the digital divide. This innovative, flipped healthcare model sets aside the traditional healthcare system, reduces multi-level barriers to care, and meets PWID where they are. The T-SHARP trial is a pragmatic clinical trial that seeks to transform the way that PWID access HIV care and improve HIV clinical outcomes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05208697. Trial registry name: Tele-Harm Reduction. Registration date: January 26, 2022

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO