The ATLAS trigger system for LHC Run 3 and trigger performance in 2022

The ATLAS trigger system is a crucial component of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. It is responsible for selecting events in line with the ATLAS physics programme. This paper presents an overview of the changes to the trigger and data acquisition system during the second long shutdown of the LHC, and shows the performance of the trigger system and its components in the proton-proton collisions during the 2022 commissioning period as well as its expected performance in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions for the remainder of the third LHC data-taking period (2022–2025)

Measurement of the VH,H → ττ process with the ATLAS detector at 13 TeV

A measurement of the Standard Model Higgs boson produced in association with a W or Z boson and decaying into a pair of τ-leptons is presented. This search is based on proton-proton collision data collected at √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. For the Higgs boson candidate, only final states with at least one τ-lepton decaying hadronically (τ →hadrons + vτ ) are considered. For the vector bosons, only leptonic decay channels are considered: Z → ℓℓ and W → ℓvℓ, with ℓ = e, μ. An excess of events over the expected background is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.2 (3.6) standard deviations, providing evidence of the Higgs boson produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into a pair of τ-leptons. The ratio of the measured cross-section to the Standard Model prediction is μττ VH = 1.28 +0.30 −0.29 (stat.) +0.25 −0.21 (syst.). This result represents the most accurate measurement of the VH(ττ) process achieved to date

Searches for exclusive Higgs boson decays into D⁎γ and Z boson decays into D0γ and Ks0γ in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Searches for exclusive decays of the Higgs boson into D⁎γ and of the Z boson into D0γ and Ks0γ can probe flavour-violating Higgs boson and Z boson couplings to light quarks. Searches for these decays are performed with a pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136.3 fb−1 collected at s=13TeV between 2016–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In the D⁎γ and D0γ channels, the observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits on the respective branching fractions are B(H→D⁎γ)<1.0(1.2)×10−3, B(Z→D0γ)<4.0(3.4)×10−6, while the corresponding results in the Ks0γ channel are B(Z→Ks0γ)<3.1(3.0)×10−6

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into diferent pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, tt¯, and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and τ τ ) are included in this kind of combination for the frst time. A simplifed model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confdence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Measurement of vector boson production cross sections and their ratios using pp collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract available from publisher's website

Beam-induced backgrounds measured in the ATLAS detector during local gas injection into the LHC beam vacuum

Inelastic beam-gas collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), within a few hundred metres of the ATLAS experiment, are known to give the dominant contribution to beam backgrounds. These are monitored by ATLAS with a dedicated Beam Conditions Monitor (BCM) and with the rate of fake jets in the calorimeters. These two methods are complementary since the BCM probes backgrounds just around the beam pipe while fake jets are observed at radii of up to several metres. In order to quantify the correlation between the residual gas density in the LHC beam vacuum and the experimental backgrounds recorded by ATLAS, several dedicated tests were performed during LHC Run 2. Local pressure bumps, with a gas density several orders of magnitude higher than during normal operation, were introduced at different locations. The changes of beam-related backgrounds, seen in ATLAS, are correlated with the local pressure variation. In addition the rates of beam-gas events are estimated from the pressure measurements and pressure bump profiles obtained from calculations. Using these rates, the efficiency of the ATLAS beam background monitors to detect beam-gas events is derived as a function of distance from the interaction point. These efficiencies and characteristic distributions of fake jets from the beam backgrounds are found to be in good agreement with results of beam-gas simulations performed with theFluka Monte Carlo programme

Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in e±e± and e±μ± final states via WW scattering in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in scattering of same-sign W boson pairs in proton–proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV at the LHC is reported. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1, collected with the ATLAS detector during 2015–2018. The search is performed in final states including a same-sign ee or eμ pair and at least two jets with large invariant mass and a large rapidity difference. No significant excess of events with respect to the Standard Model background predictions is observed. The results are interpreted in a benchmark scenario of the Phenomenological Type-I Seesaw model. New constraints are set on the values of the |VeN|2 and |VeN V*μN| parameters for heavy Majorana neutrino masses between 50 GeV and 20 TeV, where VℓN is the matrix element describing the mixing of the heavy Majorana neutrino mass eigenstate with the Standard Model neutrino of flavour ℓ = e, μ. The sensitivity to the Weinberg operator is investigated and constraints on the effective ee and eμ Majorana neutrino masses are reported. The statistical combination of the ee and eμ channels with the previously published μμ channel is performed

Modeling algae self-replenishment

Density functional theory calculations were performed on C82 hydroxylated fullerene. B3LYP and PBE0 functionals with 6-31G* basis set were utilised to get chemical shieldings, chemical shifts and the isotropic Fermi contact coupling on each atomic site. A relation between nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties and reactivity of the molecule, obtained through the electronic Fukui function, was observed. Interestingly, the most stable configurations of OH groups adsorbed on C82 surface were obtained when the hydroxyl groups are adsorbed on deshielded (isotropically and anisotropically) sites. For open-shell systems, a relation between isotropic Fermi contact, spin density and average Fukui function was found, that is, sites with a great amount of Fukui function (analytical and the one obtained through finite difference) and spin density have the largest isotropic Fermi contact coupling data. With the adsorption of the first hydroxyl molecules, spin densities and Fukui functions show preferential sites to adsorb the following OH groups close to previously adsorbed. Additionally, theoretical spectra of chemical shifts of C82(OH)n (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4) were obtained and they were compared with experimental reports, getting a reasonable comparison. For example, regarding 13C NMR chemical shifts obtained in C82OH molecule, 80 ppm (B3LYP) and 79 ppm (PBE0) were calculated on hydroxylated carbon, which is in good agreement with experimental results in C60 fullerols. " 2014 Taylor & Francis.",,,,,,"10.1080/00268976.2013.877168",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/38890","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905403441&partnerID=40&md5=6b0c1cd9709bc6bf20836930639e063e",,,,,,"15",,"Molecular Physics",,"198

Theoretical study on the sequential hydroxylation of C82 fullerene based on Fukui function

In the present work semi-empirical PM3 method and ab initio density-functional theory calculations were performed in carbon systems. The condensed Fukui function was calculated and HOMO-LUMO were visualised in order to study the sequence of hydroxylation of two isomers of C82 fullerene for the low coverage regime, with the formula C82(OH) x where x = 0 - 12. It was found that there was a formation of dangling bonds on structures with an odd number of hydroxyl groups on the fullerene surface, which suggests an enhanced reactivity of these molecules. Nevertheless, the coverings with an even number of groups tend to the reconstruction of bonds, obtaining less reactive molecular structures. With the adsorption of the first group, a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap (1.28 eV) is observed in comparison with the C82(OH)2 system (1.70 eV), as is found in similar systems, such as C60 fullerenol [E.E. Fileti et al., Nanotechnology 19, 365703 (2008); J.G. Rodríguez-Zavala and R.A. Guirado-López, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075411 (2004)]. Through an analysis of the electronic structure to these coverings, a splitting of electronic energy levels in the structure with one hydroxyl group is observed, which could be one of the factors that causes the narrowing of the energy gap in this structure. On the other hand, with a coverage of 12 hydroxyl groups, the formation of an amphiphilic molecule, where the location of groups in one side of the C 82 surface provides an hydrophilic character, is observed, while the uncovered part has an hydrophobic character. This could be important in the formation of Langmuir monolayers. Finally, it is shown that the precise distribution of the OH groups on the fullerene surface plays a crucial role in the electronic structure of the polyhydroxylated fullerenes. © 2011 Taylor & Francis

Thermal decomposition of diammonium tetrachloroplatinate to form platinum nanoparticles and its application as electrodes

In the present work semi-empirical PM3 method and ab initio density-functional theory calculations were performed in carbon systems. The condensed Fukui function was calculated and HOMO-LUMO were visualised in order to study the sequence of hydroxylation of two isomers of C82 fullerene for the low coverage regime, with the formula C82(OH) x where x = 0 - 12. It was found that there was a formation of dangling bonds on structures with an odd number of hydroxyl groups on the fullerene surface, which suggests an enhanced reactivity of these molecules. Nevertheless, the coverings with an even number of groups tend to the reconstruction of bonds, obtaining less reactive molecular structures. With the adsorption of the first group, a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap (1.28 eV) is observed in comparison with the C82(OH)2 system (1.70 eV), as is found in similar systems, such as C60 fullerenol [E.E. Fileti et al., Nanotechnology 19, 365703 (2008); J.G. Rodríguez-Zavala and R.A. Guirado-López, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075411 (2004)]. Through an analysis of the electronic structure to these coverings, a splitting of electronic energy levels in the structure with one hydroxyl group is observed, which could be one of the factors that causes the narrowing of the energy gap in this structure. On the other hand, with a coverage of 12 hydroxyl groups, the formation of an amphiphilic molecule, where the location of groups in one side of the C 82 surface provides an hydrophilic character, is observed, while the uncovered part has an hydrophobic character. This could be important in the formation of Langmuir monolayers. Finally, it is shown that the precise distribution of the OH groups on the fullerene surface plays a crucial role in the electronic structure of the polyhydroxylated fullerenes. " 2011 Taylor & Francis.",,,,,,"10.1080/00268976.2011.591743",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45332","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960990960&partnerID=40&md5=33130695b3999c336d70e7450fbd0977",,,,,,"14",,"Molecular Physics",,"177