Controlled release properties and final macroporosity of a pectin microspheres–calcium phosphate composite bone cement

The use of calcium phosphate cements (CPC) is restricted by their lack of macroporosity and poor drug release properties. To overcome these two limitations, incorporating degradable polymer microparticles into CPC is an attractive option, as polymer microparticles could help to control drug release and induce macroporosity after degradation. Although few authors have yet tested synthetic polymers, the potentiality of polysaccharides’ assuming this role has never been explored. Low-methoxy amidated pectins (LMAP) constitute valuable candidates because of their biocompatibility and ionic and pH sensitivity. In this study, the potentiality of a LMAP with a degree of esterification (DE) of 30 and a degree of amidation (DA) of 19 was explored. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of LMAP microspheres within the composite on the cement properties, drug release ability and final macroporosity after microspheres degradation. Three LMAP incorporation ratios, 2%, 4% and 6% w/w were tested, and ibuprofen was chosen as the model drug. In comparison with the CPC reference, the resulting composites presented reduced setting times and lowered the mechanical properties, which remained acceptable for an implantation in moderate-stress-bearing locations. Sustained release of ibuprofen was obtained on at least 45 days, and release rates were found to be controlled by the LMAP ratio, which modulated drug diffusion. After 4 months of degradation study, the resulting CPC appeared macroporous, with a maximum macroporosity of nearly 30% for the highest LMAP incorporation ratio, and interconnectivity between pores could be observed. In conclusion, LMAP appear as interesting candidates to generate macroporous bone cements with tailored release properties and macroporosity by adjusting the pectin content within the composites

Impacts of The Radiation Environment At L2 On Bolometers Onboard The Herschel Space Observatory

We present the effects of cosmic rays on the detectors onboard the Herschel satellite. We describe in particular the glitches observed on the two types of cryogenic far- infrared bolometer inside the two instruments PACS and SPIRE. The glitch rates are also reported since the launch together with the SREM radiation monitors aboard Herschel and Planck spacecrafts. Both have been injected around the Lagrangian point L2 on May 2009. This allows probing the radiation environment around this orbit. The impacts on the observation are finally summarized.Comment: 8 pages, 13 figures, 2 images, Author Keywords: Bolometers, Infrared detectors, cryogenics, radiation effects, submillimeter wave technology IEEE Terms: Bolometers, Detectors, Instruments, Picture archiving and communication systems, Protons, Silicon, Space vehicles; Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS), 2011 12th European Conference. Conference location: Sevilla. Date of Conference: 19-23 Sept. 2011. Session H: Radiation Environment: Space, Atmospheric and Terrestrial (PH2

Latino Men and their Fathers: Exploring How Community Cultural Wealth Influences their Community College Success

Academic scholarship has demonstrated the importance of father engagement in fostering early educational success of their children, but little exploration in this area has focused on the role that fathers play in the college success of their Latino male sons. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the role of fathers in the educational success of Latino men attending community colleges. Using community cultural wealth as a lens for this study, the experiences of 130 Latino men at community colleges in Texas were highlighted. Results demonstrated how fathers provided support, consejos (advice), and encouragement to their sons. Nonetheless, fathers also expected their sons to work and contribute to the family finances. These complications influenced the way in which Latino men viewed the college-going process and interacted with their fathers

ACTH Promotes Osteogenesis of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the Melanocortin-2 Receptor

Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH) is an endocrine hormone that is secreted by the pituitary and stimulates the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. It is among the several melanocortin peptide hormones that are derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) such as α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), γ-MSH and the endorphins. ACTH is also produced by cells outside the central nervous system and has been found to play a role in osteogenesis. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) obtained from bone marrow of the Wystar Kyoto (WKY) rat, we confirmed that ACTH increases osteogenesis in a dosedependent manner. Immunoblot of crude membrane fractions was used to determine that rat MSC express three melanocortin receptors (MC-R); the MC2-R, MC3-R and MC5-R. To determine which of these receptors mediate ACTH-induced osteogenesis we used MC-R specific peptides and antagonists. Neither α-MSH, a strong agonist of the MC5-R nor γ2-MSH, a strong agonist of the MC3-R, increases osteogenesis in rat MSC. Additionally the MC3-R specific antagonist did not suppress ACTH-induced increases in osteogenesis. In addition, calcium flux was examined as a mechanism for ACTH action at the MC2-R. Consistent with MC2-R expression patterns in the MSC cultures, ACTH-induced transient increases in intracellular calcium were increased with dexamethasone treatment. Therefore the osteogenic effects of ACTH in rat MSC cultures are consistent with an MC2-R signaling mechanism. This pathway represents a new therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of bone loss

Mujeres Supporting: How Female Family Members Influence the Educational Success of Latino Males in Postsecondary Education

The purpose of this multi-institutional qualitative study was to understand the educational pathways of Latino males by underscoring the unique role female family members play in their academic pursuits—through the voice of these young men. Findings demonstrate female family members were identified as being primary supporters of their educational pursuits, and actively leveraged different sources of cultural capital to help Latino males enroll and persist through postsecondary education. This study reinforces extant literature on the importance of family in the educational pathways of Latina/o students. Furthermore, it makes a unique contribution by highlighting the important role female family members hold in the Latino family as educational advocate

Consulting project - Recidar

En cuanto al proyecto de consultoría que se ha llevado a cabo para Recidar, encierra un enfoque innovador para garantizar un futuro viable a su compromiso social de abogar por procesos de economía circular en Lima. La iniciativa recomendada se construye a través de la colaboración con diferentes actores clave que permitirán optimizar el alcance y la profundidad de la nueva Recidar. La asociación con actores locales clave es la clave para que Recidar desarrolle una mejor vía para su visión a largo plazo. Dado que Recidar está actualmente atascada con el alto nivel de actividad que se le exige a diario, el trabajo externo propuesto le dará una nueva visión para construir adecuadamente su negocio de modo que pueda resistir a las importantes fluctuaciones del entorno externo en el que opera.The following consultancy project analyzes the status of Recidar's strategic plan and recommends a greater emphasis on a long-term vision. The preliminary work has been based on the search for relevant academic articles covering the different dimensions of the circular economy. In addition, the literature review covers the different management practices that a social enterprise should foster to ensure a viable long-term vision for its operations. To successfully develop a comprehensive recommendation, an industry analysis (Porter's 5 forces), external analysis (PESTEL), internal analysis (AMOFHIT) and a detailed analysis of the problem at hand have been carried out. In terms of concrete recommendations, it highlights collaboration with universities, an engagement with a professional with inside knowledge of Gamarra, initiatives within the Gamarra ecosystem and the development of an e-commerce platform. These initiatives aim to improve brand recognition, promote a circular economy, create diverse revenue streams, and most importantly, respond to Recidar's request to build a long-term strategy for the future of its social mission

Diagnostico Situacional De La Cultura Organizacional En El Asentamiento Humano Juan Pablo II De Villa En El Año 2018

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en determinar cuál es la Situación de la Cultura Organizacional, éste estudio fue realizado en el Asentamiento Humano Juan Pablo II de Villa. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se realizó una observación de la situación, se realizó una encuesta y entrevista al presidente y a los demás integrantes de la Junta Directiva del Asentamiento Humano en estudio para conocer y obtener información sobre la Cultura Organizacional. El trabajo está constituido por 3 capítulos. En el primero se detalla la realidad problemática que precisa la situación de la Cultura Organizacional en el Asentamiento Humano Juan Pablo II de Villa. También tenemos la delimitación del proyecto, la justificación del trabajo donde se explica la trascendencia y relevancia de realizar la investigación, así como los problemas, de acuerdo con las dimensiones y los objetivos que se busca lograr.Trabajo de suficiencia profesiona

A field evaluation of the Hardy TB MODS Kit™ for the rapid phenotypic diagnosis of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Even though the WHO-endorsed, non-commercial MODS assay offers rapid, reliable TB liquid culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) at lower cost than any other diagnostic, uptake has been patchy. In part this reflects misperceptions about in-house assay quality assurance, but user convenience of one-stop procurement is also important. A commercial MODS kit was developed by Hardy Diagnostics (Santa Maria, CA, USA) with PATH (Seattle, WA, USA) to facilitate procurement, simplify procedures through readymade media, and enhance safety with a sealing silicone plate lid. Here we report the results from a large-scale field evaluation of the MODS kit in a government service laboratory. METHODS & FINDINGS: 2446 sputum samples were cultured in parallel in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ), conventional MODS and in the MODS kit. MODS kit DST was compared with conventional MODS (direct) DST and proportion method (indirect) DST. 778 samples (31.8%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture-positive. Compared to conventional MODS the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (95% confidence intervals) of the MODS Kit were 99.3% (98.3-99.8%), 98.3% (97.5-98.8%), 95.8% (94.0-97.1%), and 99.7% (99.3-99.9%). Median (interquartile ranges) time to culture-positivity (and rifampicin and isoniazid DST) was 10 (9-13) days for conventional MODS and 8.5 (7-11) for MODS Kit (p<0.01). Direct rifampicin and isoniazid DST in MODS kit was almost universally concordant with conventional MODS (97.9% agreement, 665/679 evaluable samples) and reference indirect DST (97.9% agreement, 687/702 evaluable samples). CONCLUSIONS: MODS kit delivers performance indistinguishable from conventional MODS and offers a convenient, affordable alternative with enhanced safety from the sealing silicone lid. The availability in the marketplace of this platform, which conforms to European standards (CE-marked), readily repurposed for second-line DST in the near future, provides a fresh opportunity for improving equity of access to TB diagnosis and first and second-line DST in settings where the need is greatest