Risks and economic analysis of orange culture: case study of a producer from the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil

The Brazilian citriculture is one of the activities that generate the most income within the agrobusiness, being responsible for providing opportunities for thousands of direct and indirect workers, besides being a sector that moves a great amount of financial resources. The orange crop has been going through great price swings in the recent years, and with this, many farmers are failing to invest in potential, as a result of the risks involved in the activity. A large part of these risks is related to the buyer market, which is controlled by the large juice industries and by the high capital required for the implementation of the new orchards. The objective of this work is to identify the risk factors for attractiveness and to analyze the economic viability of the orange crop in a farm in the municipality of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo. For this, the Monte Carlo method be used to simulate the probabilities of success in the scenarios analyzed and the NPV, IRR and Payback to determine the feasibility of the project. The research is characterized as a case study. The results obtained showed that the investment is feasible, only in the real and optimistic scenario and will provide a return between the 6th and the 7th year of the project, providing a balance of approximately R$4,190,252.94 after 10 years of investment which represents an attractive compared to the initial investment value of R$ 937,500.00

Risks and economic analysis of orange culture: case study of a producer from the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil

The Brazilian citriculture is one of the activities that generate the most income within the agrobusiness, being responsible for providing opportunities for thousands of direct and indirect workers, besides being a sector that moves a great amount of financial resources. The orange crop has been going through great price swings in the recent years, and with this, many farmers are failing to invest in potential, as a result of the risks involved in the activity. A large part of these risks is related to the buyer market, which is controlled by the large juice industries and by the high capital required for the implementation of the new orchards. The objective of this work is to identify the risk factors for attractiveness and to analyze the economic viability of the orange crop in a farm in the municipality of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo. For this, the Monte Carlo method be used to simulate the probabilities of success in the scenarios analyzed and the NPV, IRR and Payback to determine the feasibility of the project. The research is characterized as a case study. The results obtained showed that the investment is feasible, only in the real and optimistic scenario and will provide a return between the 6th and the 7th year of the project, providing a balance of approximately R$4,190,252.94 after 10 years of investment which represents an attractive compared to the initial investment value of R$ 937,500.00

A framework of actions for strong sustainability

Strong sustainability (SS) aims for the maintenance of economic, environmental, and social capital through an efficient use of resources and by replacing non-renewable natural resources with renewable ones. Despite this, there is still a grey area the academic literature and managerial practice regarding the existence of specific actions to promote SS. Therefore, the objective of this study is to advance the development of a framework of specific actions and recommendations to assist the adoption of SS by companies. A content analysis of articles included in the Special Volumes of the Journal of Cleaner Production (SVJCP) derived from the International Workshop Advances in Cleaner Production (IWACP), and interviews conducted with experts. The study revealed that only 5% of the articles sampled are related to SS. In this context, the proposed framework of specific actions for SS contributes to the theory by proposing actions that ensure the functioning of ecological systems while promoting sustainable development. The actions identified can also be used in multi-criteria analysis and for the development of sustainability indicators. The practical contributions of this study come from suggesting the application of the actions by organizations to promote the following: (i) increasing the efficiency of resource consumption; (ii) harvesting renewable resources limited by their regeneration rates; (iii) reducing greenhouse gas emissions; (iv) reusing wastes as input in other processes; (v) replacing toxic inputs with organic ones; (vi) replacing energy from non-renewable sources with that from renewable ones; (vii) increasing affordability; and (viii) increasing sustainable manufacturing.publishe

Sustainability of sugarcane production in plants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

O Brasil é um país que se destaca na produção de cana-de-açúcar por apresentar efetivos rendimentos agrícolas e eficiência industrial, se comparada a outras culturas que também servem para a produção de etanol, como o milho e a beterraba. Entretanto o setor tem apresentado quedas na produção e, consequentemente, no desempenho financeiro das empresas. Este trabalho comparou a estratégia de gestão agrícola de usinas exportadoras e não exportadoras do Estado de São Paulo. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, com coleta de dados estruturada na técnica de multicasos, ênfase na análise quantitativa e análise da correlação de variáveis integrantes dos aspectos econômico, social e ambiental. O resultado relacionado ao aspecto econômico mostrou que há um melhor desempenho financeiro nas empresas que exportam seus produtos. Em relação ao âmbito social, não se diferem os benefícios das empresas exportadoras de seus subprodutos das que não exportam e também não se difere a quantidade de tonelada de cana-de-açúcar que um trabalhador executa. Em relação ao aspecto ambiental, a impermeabilização dos canais de vinhaça no período da safra das empresas exportadoras não é executada, assim como a incorporação do fertilizante nitrogênio. No entanto, as usinas exportadoras relatam menores problemas com erosão do solo.11411331145Sugarcane production in Brazil is highlighted due to high agricultural profits and industrial efficiency when compared to other crops, such as corn and beetroot, also used in the production of ethanol. Decrease in production and, con-sequently, financial performance, has been registered. Current paper, an exploratory research with data collection structured on multi-case technique, emphasis on quantitative analysis and analysis of the co-relationship of variables which integrate economic, social and environmental aspects, compared the agricultural strategy of exporting and non-exporting plants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Economy-related results showed that a better financial performance exists in export firms. The social aspects reveal that the benefits of firms exporting their byproducts are not different from those that do not export. The quantity of a ton of sugarcane executed by a worker is not different. In the case of the environment, firms fail to execute the impermeability of stillage channels during harvest time and the incorporation of the fertilizer nitrogen. However, export firms report less problems in soil erosion

Relação custo-lucro e produtividade nas práticas culturais da cana-de-açúcar

Objective of the study: To analyze the costs and profits of sugarcane production regarding the cultural practices of sugarcane suppliers. Methodology/approach: This study positions itself in this gap by comparatively analyzing 6 types of cultural practices: unraveling, windrowing, application of correctives, herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers, with the option of two systems Fixed rate (TF) and Variable rate (TV). Originality/Relevance: Brazil is a world reference in sugarcane production, with the State of São Paulo being the largest Brazilian producer. However, for sugarcane suppliers to maintain this activity there is a need to reduce production costs and increase profitability/ha. However, there is a theoretical-practical gap in the financial assessment (costs and profits) of different cultural practices inherent to sugarcane production. Main results: The results demonstrated that the costs of cultural practices represent more than 30% of the total sugarcane production costs. The TF system proved to be more cost-efficient in the following operations: correctives, herbicides and insecticides. In the application of fertilizers, the TV system, in broadcast mode, had the best result. Finally, the profit/ton was R$1.70, demonstrating a very low profit margin/ha given the risk of the activity. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The sample for this research comprised 55 sugarcane suppliers from the State of São Paulo, whose data were obtained through a survey. The comparative analysis was based on the difference in costs of cultural practices and the estimation of the level of certainty (profit/costs), analyzed through the cumulative frequency carried out through the Monte Carlo Simulation (SMC)

Analysis of the economic viability of a rural tourism enterprise in Brazil: an application of the Monte Carlo Method

The acquisition of projects aimed at rural tourism represents an alternative for generating income. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of purchasing a farm that is structured as a hostel, located in Joanópolis, interior of São Paulo, Brazil. The method was based on exploratory research based on a case study comparing the economic viability of this project. However, this viability is surrounded by uncertainties and risks. With this, the Monte Carlo method was used to analyze this probability. The data were obtained through the Department of Tourism in the city of Joanópolis from primary and secondary data. The calculations were made for work during a year drawn up in a cash flow with the monthly expenses of the hostel. From the results it was concluded that it is feasible to buy this hostel in the real and optimistic scenario and in the Monte Carlo method analyzing the project’s total NPV value

ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS DA TECNOLOGIA NA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO EM UMA EMPRESA DO SETOR TÊXTIL

A tecnologia exerce grande influência em diversos setores da sociedade, sendo que o contexto das organizações está inserido em um cenário repleto de mudanças e transformações tecnológicas, a fim de proporcionar maior eficiência, controle, segurança e até mesmo a reestruturação de seus processos produtivos. Dessa forma, o presente artigo possui o objetivo de abordar as influências e impactos da tecnologia no contexto organizacional, analisando uma empresa do setor têxtil, a fim de investigar as percepções dos funcionários diante das transformações e inovações tecnológicas vivenciadas na empresa. A metodologia adotada foi desenvolvida com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e, em seguida, por meio de um estudo de caso, utilizando-se de um questionário direcionado aos funcionários do setor de produção de uma empresa têxtil. Os resultados indicaram que os funcionários compreendem a importância de tais transformações e entendem que este é um processo contínuo e que inevitavelmente ocorrerá novamente na organização

The Emergence of Quilombolas movement of Maranhão (MOQUIBOM): notes on identity, territory, and memory

This article aims to analyze the context of emergency of the Quilombolas Movement of Maranhão (Movimento Quilombola Maranhense - MOQUIBOM), in the middle of 2010, the politicization of identities, the processes of triggering the memory sustained on ancestrality, and territorial reconfigurations, which were provoked on quilombolas communities of Baixada Maranhense due to its geographical formation. This research is an investigation of qualitative approach with descriptive and exploratory goals made through bibliographic and documental studies. The theoretical contributions of Hall (2006), Halbwachs (1990), Raffestin (1993), Santos (1999), Sousa (2016), Araújo (2012), among others, allowed us to infer that the political fronts of MOQUIBOM act on the resignification of their identities, starting with the mobilization of their ancestrality with the intent of politicize their daily experiences, the construction of dignified conditions for social propagation, and the defense of their territories through the tensioning of the State for the assurance of public policies

O Dilema da Diversificação da Produção no Assentamento Ibitiúva, Pitangueiras-SP

This article aims to examine the situation on the environmentalsuitability of settlements in the state of São Paulo, and the potential ofusing agroforestry systems for rehabilitation and management of those areas.10 settlements were analyzed by means of semi-structured interviews withrepresentatives of the settlers, and analysis reports and data provided bythe State Department of Environment. The results demonstrate thatagroforestry has potential economic, ecological and social recovery ofPermanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves in settlements. However,for the practice may be more widespread, it takes greater technical andfinancial support for family farmers. The Department of Environment hasdemonstrates difficulty in monitoring these systems as they are being appliedwithout any monitoring of the environmental agency. Recent changes inthe Forest Code, which include the establishment of agroforestry systemsin protected areas and Rural Environmental Registry, may change thissituation, so further studies in this area should be conducted.Este trabalho investiga aspectos das condições socioeconômicas do Assentamento Ibitiúva (Pitangueiras - SP) e a percepção dos membros do CAE(Conselho de Alimentação Escolar do município de Pitangueiras) e dos assentados sobre o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos - PAA e do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE. Os assentados possuem uma alta dependência da monocultura da cana de açúcar e não focam suas lavouras na produção de agroalimentos, não usufruindo dos mercados do PAA. Tal situação foi identificada como um dilema produtivo destes agricultores camponeses, que deixam de produzir comida para produzir agro combustível. Diante dessa problemática, investigou-se o porquê de os assentados não conseguirem fornecer alimentos para a merenda escolar no município de Pitangueiras. Para respondê-la, foram utilizados dois questionários semiestruturados: um aplicado aos assentados e outro aos membros do CAE. Os dados foram construídos dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa, com ferramentas do Diagnóstico Rural Participativo -DRP. Os resultados apontam ausência de ações de inclusão por partes da Prefeitura do município e também omissões do próprio Instituto de Terras do Estado de São Paulo - ITESP para a efetivação das políticas públicas nas terras de reforma agrária do Estado de São Paulo

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE VIGAS DE CONCRETO LAMINAR ENVELOPADO

O Concreto Laminar Envelopado (CLE) é um sistema misto que utiliza perfis U de aço envolvendo uma placa plana de concreto em todo seu perímetro, com armadura composta por telas soldadas, que são unidas aos perfis U por meio de solda. O elemento estrutural misto básico consiste de um painel plano com diversas relações altura/comprimento, que pode ser utilizado como viga, pilar-parede, laje e outros elementos compostos de painéis planos. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo sobre o comportamento de vigas esbeltas de CLE. Para a campanha experimental foram confeccionados 3 painéis com as dimensões de 500 cm x 60 cm, tendo espessura igual a 5 cm, com tela dupla em malha quadrada, tipo Q113 de aço CA-60 espaçadas de 25 mm centro a centro em relação aos respectivos planos médios. O envelope era composto por perfis de aço U dobrados a frio de 50 mm x 25 mm x 3 mm. Adicionalmente, são apresentados neste trabalho todos os procedimentos e resultados dos ensaios experimentais utilizados para a caracterização dos materiais. Os painéis foram simplesmente apoiados e ensaiados com uma carga concentrada no meio do vão, aplicada por dispositivos rígidos ao longo da espessura de 5 cm. Para evitar a flambagem lateral da viga foram colocadas contenções laterais espaçadas de 833 mm ao longo do vão. A análise dos resultados experimentais mostrou que a viga apresenta comportamento aproximadamente linear até o valor da carga obtido teoricamente com o modelo de viga mista, limite definido pela resistência ao escoamento do perfil de aço. O momento último médio dos testes superou o valor calculado de acordo com o modelo teórico para vigas mistas estabelecido na NBR 8800 e os resultados demonstram adequação deste modelo mecânico para a análise de elementos estruturais CLE sujeitos à flexão