Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANCs): levantamento em zonas urbanas de Santana do Livramento, RS

Diversas plantas são consideradas invasoras e até nocivas, pelo fato de ocorrerem entre plantas cultivadas ou em outros lugares considerados inadequados. Estas plantas são controladas com enxadas, tratores, pisoteio e herbicidas, objetivando a inibição do seu crescimento e a erradicação definitiva. Entretanto, muitas destas espécies vegetais de crescimento espontâneo possuem importância cultural, ecológica e econômica, podendo algumas serem consideradas como alimentícias. A pesquisa objetivou realizar o levantamento das PANCs que surgem espontaneamente no perímetro urbano do município de Santana do Livramento, RS. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as principais PANCs do Rio Grande do Sul, concomitantemente às saídas na zona urbana no município, contemplando terrenos baldios, calçadas e acostamento de ruas e um parque municipal, visando à identificação botânica, coleta e levantamento das PANCs de maior ocorrência. Foram coletadas e identificadas treze PANCs: ipê amarelo (Handroanthus chrysotrichus), tanchagem (Plantago australis), picão branco (Galinsoga parviflora), azedinha (Oxalis latifolia), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus), costela de adão (Monstera deliciosa), buva (Conyza bonariensis), serralha (Sonchus oleraceus), caruru (Amaranthus deflexus), alface selvagem (Lactuca serriola), dente de leão (Taraxacum officinale), major gomes (Talinum paniculatum) e capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus). O levantamento das PANCs demonstrou a existência de ampla diversidade de plantas com potencial alimentício negligenciado, desconhecido ou subutilizado, com significativo valor nutricional e cultural, versatilidade de usos e potencial econômico

Pruning management of ‘Marselan’ grapevines in the Serra do Sudeste region, in Southern Brazil

The agronomical behavior of the ‘Marselan’ grapevine, indicated for the production of high-quality fine wines, is related to the management of the vineyard and the edaphoclimatic conditions of the cultivation region. This work aimed to evaluate the vegetative, productive, and qualitative behavior of ‘Marselan’ grapevines subjected to the Spur Pruning and Double Guyot pruning systems, cultivated in a municipality belonging to the Serra do Sudeste region, RS state, Brazil. The ‘Marselan’ grapevines were conducted in a vertical shoot positioning training system over a ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstock, in a commercial vineyard located in Encruzilhada do Sul, RS, Brazil. During the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons the vegetative vigor, the mass of pruned shoots, Ravaz Index, production, and chemical-physical composition of the must were evaluated. The double Guyot pruning system in the ‘Marselan’ grapevines induced a lower plant vigor, promoted an increase in the number of bunches per plant, bunch mass, production, and yield. The pruning type interferes with the vigor and yield of the ‘Marselan’ grapes without altering must quality. In the management of the cv. ‘Marselan’ in the Serra do Sudeste region, Brazil, the double Guyot pruning system is the most indicated.The agronomical behavior of the ‘Marselan’ grapevine, indicated for the production of high-quality fine wines, is related to the management of the vineyard and the edaphoclimatic conditions of the cultivation region. This work aimed to evaluate the vegetative, productive, and qualitative behavior of ‘Marselan’ grapevines subjected to the Spur Pruning and Double Guyot pruning systems, cultivated in a municipality belonging to the Serra do Sudeste region, RS state, Brazil. The ‘Marselan’ grapevines were conducted in a vertical shoot positioning training system over a ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstock, in a commercial vineyard located in Encruzilhada do Sul, RS, Brazil. During the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons the vegetative vigor, the mass of pruned shoots, Ravaz Index, production, and chemical-physical composition of the must were evaluated. The double Guyot pruning system in the ‘Marselan’ grapevines induced a lower plant vigor, promoted an increase in the number of bunches per plant, bunch mass, production, and yield. The pruning type interferes with the vigor and yield of the ‘Marselan’ grapes without altering must quality. In the management of the cv. ‘Marselan’ in the Serra do Sudeste region, Brazil, the double Guyot pruning system is the most indicated

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora