As doenças emergentes e reemergentes e seus determinantes / Emerging and reemerging diseases and their determinants

 Introdução: Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado a ocorrência de novas doenças, bem como o aparecimento de doenças tidas como erradicadas. Essas ocorrências, as chamadas doenças emergentes e reemergentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo baseado em uma revisão de literatura detalhada. Resultados e Discussões: As doenças emergentes são as que surgem com impacto significativo sobre o ser humano, devido a sua gravidade em acometer órgãos e seus sistemas principais e potencialidade de deixar sequelas limitadoras ou até mesmo morte.  As doenças reemergentes indicam mudança no comportamento epidemiológico de doenças já conhecidas, que haviam sido controladas, mas que voltaram a apresentar ameaça a saúde humana. Conclusão: Para gerenciar as endemias e epidemias, todos os esforços devem ser acordados, com a finalidade de evitar sua propagação, com educação continuadas as populações em relação aos métodos preventivos aliado a vigilância epidemiológica.

Correlação entre os parâmetros clínicos e qualidade de vida do paciente portador de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: uma revisão de literatura/ Correlation between clinical parameters and quality of life of the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review

 A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é uma entidade clínica mundialmente conhecida pela sua prevalência e pela morbidade, a doença tem um curso clínico incapacitante e limitante, tanto em aspectos físicos, quanto nos aspectos psicológicos impostos pela história natural da doença. O objetivo do presente estudo é relacionar os parâmetros clínicos e a qualidade de vida do paciente portador de DPOC, além disso chamar a atenção para a necessidade de mensurar a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada a Saúde (QVRS) desses pacientes, uma vez que o estado de saúde deve ser visto como um todo e todas as medidas terapêuticas devem ser efetivas no que concerne a capacidade funcional e o bem-estar do indivíduo. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, guiada por busca de referenciais nas bases de dados SCIELO, MEDLINE e PUBMED, além de um guia texto, utilizando os descritores Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica, Dispneia, Espirometria, Pneumopatias, Qualidade de Vida, após ampla busca foram selecionados 14 artigos, incluindo o guia Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lund Disease. É possível identificar que o paciente com doença pulmonar obstrutiva em estágios avançados, mesmo na presença de tratamento farmacológico adequado, apresenta sintomatologia grave e incapacitante, internações frequentes, sendo necessário terapêutica complementar. Conclui-se que a qualidade de vida do portador de DPOC deve ser alvo de maior investigação e cuidado, os trabalhos encontrados evidenciam a necessidade de abordagem que visa garantir reabilitação funcional, reinserção na sociedade, cuidado psicológico, além do estímulo para tornar esses pacientes mais ativos.   

Accounting Information Quality of Latin American Firms: The Influence of The Regulatory Environment

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the regulatory environment and the quality of the accounting information of Latin American companies, specifically regarding earnings management through accruals.Background: It is believed that the regulatory environment in which firms operate has an influence on the informational quality of disclosed financial reports, since by monitoring information regulatory bodies increase incentives for the elaboration of high quality financial reports (Shima & Gordon, 2011). On the other hand, other authors such as Silva, Galdi and Teixeira (2010) point out that when regulation originates from agencies linked to the state, governments susceptible to popular reaction could establish stricter rules or control sectors in a strategic way. Thus, companies regulated by public bodies could use earnings management practices in certain periods, such as election years.Method: The study sample was comprised of companies listed on the main stock exchanges in Latin America, according to the availability of information in the Capital IQ® database – the main data source for this study – and that adopted IFRS as the basis for preparing their financial statements in the period analyzed (2011 to 2016), thus totaling 2,360 firm-year observations. Considering the absolute value of discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management, the results suggest that there is a positive relationship between the regulatory environment and the manipulation of profits. The final sample resulted in observations about the companies listed on the stock exchanges of Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru, where the statistical analyzes presented for each country, as well as considering the Latin American context.Results: Our results indicate that the regulatory environment is positively related to the use of discretionary accruals for companies in Brazil, Peru, Mexico, and considering Latin America as a whole. For Chile, there does not seem to be any significant relationship between these factors, so that it is concluded that there are aspects related to the country level, whether economic, cultural, or institutional, that were not mentioned by this study and that are possibly able to influence the use of discretionary accruals as a form of earnings management.Contributions: The results presented by the study contribute to the literature on information quality and regulation, first because they present evidence that regulation negatively influences the quality of accounting information, secondly because it investigates a context of emerging markets that despite the political instability, some studies predict a growth of in the coming years, especially those in Latin America,  and third, because it analyzes the companies of these countries from an individual and collective perspective , allowing a discussion of the reality of each country, among them and with other contexts

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present