5 research outputs found
A Phytopathogenic Cysteine Peptidase from Latex of Wild Rubber Vine Cryptostegia grandiflora
The ability of orthodontists and laypeople in the perception of gradual reduction of dentogingival exposure while smiling
OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in how orthodontists and laypersons perceive a reduction in dentogingival display on smiling. METHODS: Sixty examiners from both genders (30 laypersons and 30 orthodontists) evaluated photographs of spontaneous smiles of two subjects , one male and one female. Based on the original images, smile height was modified by means of an image manipulation software program. The examiners assigned scores ranging from 0 to 10, according to the level of pleasantness. Method reproducibility was examined using the Wilcoxon test, while the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05) were employed to observe intra- and interexaminer differences, respectively. RESULTS: No differences were found between the groups of examiners - in terms of esthetics - in response to changes in smile height of both genders . However,men smile had lower acceptability than the women smile. A mild reduction in dentogingival display on smiling (2 mm) was not perceived by either laypersons or orthodontists (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: women smiles achieved higher scores than men smiles however, samples involving a larger number of subjects in each group are required to ensure whether or not this finding is linked to the subjects gender.<br>OBJETIVO: avaliar a diferença na percepção de ortodontistas e leigos quanto Ă redução da exposição dentogengival no sorriso. MĂTODOS: no total, 60 avaliadores de ambos os sexos (30 leigos e 30 ortodontistas) avaliaram fotografias do sorriso espontĂąneo de dois indivĂduos, um do sexo masculino e um do feminino. A partir das imagens originais, a altura do sorriso foi modificada usando-se um programa de manipulação de imagens. Os examinadores emitiram notas de 0 a 10, conforme o nĂvel de agradabilidade. A reprodutibilidade do mĂ©todo foi examinada atravĂ©s do teste de Wilcoxon, enquanto os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon (P<0,05) foram utilizados para observar as diferenças intra e interexaminadores, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: os resultados demonstraram nĂŁo haver diferença entre os grupos de avaliadores com relação Ă estĂ©tica quando a altura de ambos os sorrisos foi modificada. Entretanto, o sorriso do indivĂduo do sexo masculino teve menor aceitabilidade do que o sorriso feminino. Uma suave redução na exposição dentogengival no sorriso (2mm) nĂŁo foi percebida por leigos ou ortodontistas (p>0,05). CONCLUSĂO: o sorriso do indivĂduo do sexo feminino recebeu notas mais altas do que o do masculino; entretanto, amostras envolvendo um maior nĂșmero de indivĂduos em cada grupo sĂŁo necessĂĄrias para confirmar se a observação estaria relacionada ao sexo do indivĂduo examinado
Quality, safety and sustainability in food distribution:A review of quantitative operations management approaches and challenges
The management of food distribution networks is receiving more and more attention, both in practice and in the scientific literature. In this paper, we review quantitative operations management approaches to food distribution management, and relate this to challenges faced by the industry. Here, our main focus is on three aspects: food quality, food safety, and sustainability. We discuss the literature on three decision levels: strategic network design, tactical network planning, and operational transportation planning. For each of these, we survey the research contributions, discuss the state of the art, and identify challenges for future research.</p