The Role of National Human Rights Institutions in Peacebuilding - The Case of the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice in Northern Ghana

The thesis departures from concepts from conflict transformation and resolution literature and peace research in order to analyse the situation in the Northern Region of Ghana and establish the possibilities of work for the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice in the Northern Region. Further, the Paris Principles are studied and the basis for work of national human rights institutions in peacebuilding is drawn

PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: ESTUDO COM ÊNFASE NO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA

<p>O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender o processo de inclusão da pessoa com diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no Ensino Superior. Buscou-se ainda identificar a compreensão dos professores sobre a educação inclusiva e evidenciar os procedimentos que utilizam para trabalhar com alunos com TEA. O material foi organizado com as seguintes seções: historicidade e especificidades do Transtorno do Espectro Autista; contextualização legislativa e organizacional do processo de inclusão da pessoa com deficiência; e percepção de docentes do ensino superior sobre a inclusão de pessoas com TEA. A partir da realização do trabalho, compreende-se a responsabilidade primária das Instituições de Ensino Superior, de formar cidadãos de forma integral, compreendidos como indivíduos para atuar na sociedade de modo intencional e consciente, reconhecendo as diferenças e incluindo-as de forma equânime.</p&gt

O SER SOCIAL ALUNO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DO SUJEITO

<p>Considerar o aluno como um sujeito social é compreender que sua constante evolução e sistemas atravessam sobremaneira sua constituição, geral e ampla. Esse artigo visa trazer reflexões sobre a formação do sujeito sobre a perspectiva da psicologia educacional, em que os fatores educacionais passam a fazer parte de sua existência. Examinaremos a formação do sujeito social aluno, considerando múltiplas perspectivas e abordagens interdisciplinares. Exploramos as influências de fatores sociais, culturais, psicológicos e educacionais na construção da identidade do aluno e seu papel na sociedade. O estudo adota uma abordagem crítica e teórica, integrando diversas disciplinas para compreender a complexidade desse processo.</p&gt

Identification and Structural-Functional Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases of the Cattle Tick <i>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</i>

<div><p>Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases essential for cell cycle progression. Herein, we describe the participation of CDKs in the physiology of <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>, the southern cattle tick and an important disease vector. Firstly, amino acid sequences homologous with CDKs of other organisms were identified from a <i>R. microplus</i> transcriptome database <i>in silico</i>. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of CDK1 and CDK10 from <i>R. microplus</i> showed that both have caspase-3/7 cleavage motifs despite their differences in motif position and length of encoded proteins. CDK1 has two motifs (DKRGD and SAKDA) located opposite to the ATP binding site while CDK10 has only one motif (SLLDN) for caspase 3–7 near the ATP binding site. Roscovitine (Rosco), a purine derivative that inhibits CDK/cyclin complexes by binding to the catalytic domain of the CDK molecule at the ATP binding site, which prevents the transfer of ATP's γphosphoryl group to the substrate. To determine the effect of Rosco on tick CDKs, BME26 cells derived from <i>R. microplus</i> embryo cells were utilized <i>in vitro</i> inhibition assays. Cell viability decreased in the Rosco-treated groups after 24 hours of incubation in a concentration-dependent manner and this was observed up to 48 hours following incubation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on characterization of a cell cycle protein in arachnids, and the sensitivity of BME26 tick cell line to Rosco treatment suggests that CDKs are potential targets for novel drug design to control tick infestation.</p></div

FcgammaRIIB inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice

The immune processes associated with atherogenesis have received considerable attention during recent years. IgG FcRs (FcgammaR) are involved in activating the immune system and in maintaining peripheral tolerance. However, the role of the inhibitory IgG receptor FcgammaRIIB in atherosclerosis has not been defined. Bone marrow cells from FcgammaRIIB-deficient mice and C57BL/6 control mice were transplanted to low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the recipient mice a high-fat diet for 8 wk and evaluated using Oil Red O staining of the descending aorta at sacrifice. The molecular mechanisms triggering atherosclerosis was studied by examining splenic B and T cells, as well as Th1 and Th2 immune responses using flow cytometry and ELISA. The atherosclerotic lesion area in the descending aorta was ~5-fold larger in mice lacking FcgammaRIIB than in control mice (2.75 +/- 2.57 versus 0.44 +/- 0.42%; p < 0.01). Moreover, the FcgammaRIIB deficiency resulted in an amplified splenocyte proliferative response to Con A stimulation (proliferation index 30.26 +/- 8.81 versus 2.96 +/- 0.81%, p < 0.0001) and an enhanced expression of MHC class II on the B cells (6.65 +/- 0.64 versus 2.33 +/- 0.25%; p < 0.001). In accordance, an enlarged amount of CD25-positive CD4 T cells was found in the spleen (42.74 +/- 4.05 versus 2.45 +/- 0.31%; p < 0.0001). The plasma Ab and cytokine pattern suggested increased Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively. These results show that FcgammaRIIB inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in mice. In addition, they indicate that absence of the inhibiting IgG receptor cause disease, depending on an imbalance of activating and inhibiting immune cells

CDK-gene read counts on RNA-Seq of <i>R. microplus</i> tissues.

<p>CDK-gene read counts on RNA-Seq of <i>R. microplus</i> tissues.</p

Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the BME26 cell line upon exposure to roscovitine BME26 cells after 24 h of incubation with different concentrations of roscovitine were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin.

<p>A) Control with addition of 0.1% DMSO; B) rosco 150 µM; C) rosco 200 µM. The cells were observed under a light microscope. Magnification: 10X. The scale corresponds to 100 µm. Pictures are representative of 3 independent experiments in triplicates. D) Graphic represents the number of cells in each treatment quantified by image J in three different fields. On all tested concentrations, values of roscovitine groups were significantly different (One-way analysis of variance—ANOVA, <i>p</i><0.05) as compared to the control groups.</p

Identification of Rm-CDKs in BME26 cells.

<p>RT-PCR of BME26 cells showing the transcription of Rm-CDK1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 14 in BME26 cells. ELF1A was used as a positive control. WM – weight marker; ELF – constitutive gene (108 bp); 1 – CDK1 (148 bp); 10 – CDK10 (155 bp); 2 – CDK2 (149 bp); 5 – CDK5 (151 bp); 7 – CDK7 (147 bp); 8 – CDK8 (152 bp); 9 – CDK9 (155 bp); 11 – CDK11 (150 bp); 14 – CDK14 (149 bp).</p

A, B: Top pose obtained by docking of roscovitine with Rm-CDK1 comparative model (yellow carbon atoms).

<p>Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for a better view. Hydrogen bonds are depicted in blue dashed lines.</p

MTT viability assay of BME26 cells.

<p>BME26 cells were incubated with different concentrations of roscovitine (a CDK inhibitor) or DMSO 0.1% (control) for 24 h (gray bar) and 48 h (grid bar) and then cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. After incubation the medium was removed and added MTT for 2 h. Reaction was read in spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Graph represents three independent experiments in triplicate. On all tested concentrations, with the exception of roscovitine 75 µM for 24 h, values of roscovitine groups were significantly different (One-way analysis of variance—ANOVA, <i>p</i><0.05) as compared to the control groups.</p