Investigação de foco, uma das atividades das campanhas de controle dos transmissores da tripanossomíase americana

A entrega à Superintendência de Controle de Endemias por um morador do Município do Espírito Santo do Pinhal, Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), de um inseto suspeito de "barbeiro", encontrado na casa (quarto), sua correta identificação e exame, P. megistus infectado por Trypanosoma tipo cruzi, desencadeou uma operação de "investigação de foco", realizada através de operações de campo e laboratório. Esses trabalhos evidenciaram a presença da enzootia chagásica naquela localidade, bem como, a possibilidade do T. cruzi chegar aos seus moradores. Tal não ocorrendo, entre outros fatores, em decorrência das atividades de controle em andamento. Foi destacado o valor da "denúncia" (notificação) feita pelo morador e relatadas atividades ligadas à investigação de foco.The delivery to the Superintendência de Controle de Endemias (SUCEN) of an insect suspected of being the "barbeiro", the transmitter of the Chagas' disease, unleashed a focal point investigation with laboratory and field operations. The insect had been found in the house of the person who had brought it in; examination showed it to be the "barbeiro", that is, P. megistus, infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Investigation proved the enzootic presence of South American Trypanosomiasis in the area and the possibility of houses being invaded by the T. cruzi. This was avoided through controls put into effect immediately, showing the importance of promptly informing the health agency responsible and thorough follow-up by health authorities

Does Gestrinone Antagonize the Effects of Estrogen on Endometrial Implants Upon the Peritoneum of Rats?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of estrogen treatment in combination with gestrinone on an experimental rat model of endometriosis. METHODS: Uterine transplants were attached to the peritoneum of female Wistar rats via a surgical autotransplantation technique. The implanted area was measured during the proestrus phase and after hormonal treatment. We performed morphometric analysis and examined the macroscopic and morphometric alterations of endometrial implants after hormonal treatment in ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: The high dose of estrogen caused macroscopic increases in the endometrial implant group compared with other groups, which were similar to increases in the proestrus phase. The low dose showed morphometric development of implants, such as an increase in number of endometrial glands, leukocyte infiltration and mitosis. Gestrinone antagonized both doses of estrogen. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that gestrinone antagonizes estrogen's effects on rat peritoneal endometrial implants

Triatoma sordida: considerações sobre o tempo de vida das formas adultas e sobre a oviposição das fêmeas

Fifty three specimen of T. sordida which arrived at the adult stage were studied; there were 22 males and 31 females, all obtained from 110 eggs. The average time duration of life in the nymph phase was not statistically different between sexes, being 174.6 and 170.6 days respectively for mate and female. The females had a larger mean time duration of life as adults (503 days) than the males (284 days). During their adult life, 86.42% of the time corresponded to oviposition, the greater intensity of egg-laying ocurring during the first half of the period. The mean number of eggs was 570.8 and the ratio egg/day varied from 0.68 to 1.97.Foram observados 53 exemplares do T. sordida que chegaram à fase alada, oriundos de 110 ovos; os machos eram em número de 22 e as fêmeas 31. Os tempos médios de duração da fase de ninfa não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os sexos, sendo 174,6 e 170,6 dias respectivamente para machos e fêmeas. O tempo médio de vida na fase alada foi significativamente maior para as fêmeas, com 503 dias para estas e 284 para os machos. O período de oviposição correspondeu a 86,42% do tempo de fase alada das fêmeas, com a postura tendo maior intensidade na primeira metade desta fase. Cada fêmea pôs em média 570,8 ovos, variando a postura de 0,68 a 1,97 ovos por dia

Immunological signatures unveiled by integrative systems vaccinology characterization of dengue vaccination trials and natural infection

Introduction: Dengue virus infection is a global health problem lacking specific therapy, requiring an improved understanding of DENV immunity and vaccine responses. Considering the recent emerging of new dengue vaccines, here we performed an integrative systems vaccinology characterization of molecular signatures triggered by the natural DENV infection (NDI) and attenuated dengue virus infection models (DVTs). Methods and results: We analyzed 955 samples of transcriptomic datasets of patients with NDI and attenuated dengue virus infection trials (DVT1, DVT2, and DVT3) using a systems vaccinology approach. Differential expression analysis identified 237 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DVTs and NDI. Among them, 28 and 60 DEGs were up or downregulated by dengue vaccination during DVT2 and DVT3, respectively, with 20 DEGs intersecting across all three DVTs. Enriched biological processes of these genes included type I/II interferon signaling, cytokine regulation, apoptosis, and T-cell differentiation. Principal component analysis based on 20 common DEGs (overlapping between DVTs and our NDI validation dataset) distinguished dengue patients by disease severity, particularly in the late acute phase. Machine learning analysis ranked the ten most critical predictors of disease severity in NDI, crucial for the anti-viral immune response. Conclusion: This work provides insights into the NDI and vaccine-induced overlapping immune response and suggests molecular markers (e.g., IFIT5, ISG15, and HERC5) for anti-dengue-specific therapies and effective vaccination development