Nursing interventions for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people: integrative review

Objective: to identify nursing interventions for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people. Methods: integrative review developed on the Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and LILACS databases using the PICo strategy with controlled descriptors and their combinations using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies addressing interventions to prevent falls in aged people in the hospital setting were included, without geographical or language limitation, from 2004 with the creation of The World Alliance for Patient Safety. Three reviewers worked on the citations, using EndNote basic and Rayyan, reaching a final sample of 20 studies. Results: 202 nursing interventions were identified for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people, categorized into six domains of the Nursing Interventions Classification (Physiological: basic; Physiological: complex; Behavioral; Safety; Family; Health Systems). Conclusion: nursing interventions were identified for the prevention of falls in hospitalized aged people, which provides subsidies for the construction of care protocols and improvements in care. Contributions to practice: the results allow nurses to prevent the occurrence of falls, putting into practice consistent scientific findings from the planning of actions to the execution and reassessment of results with the team

Timed Up And Go Risk Predictor Of Falls In Elderly People Residing In The Community?

Objective: evaluate the risk of falls of elderly people residing in a community in northeastern Brazil using the “Timed up and go”. Method: descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, performed with elderly people residing in a community. The collected data related to the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of episodes of falls in the last two years, regular practice of physical exercise and complaint of pain at the time of the interview; and, at last, the application of the “Timed Up and Go” test. Result: Most of the elderly were classified as free and independent and independent. There is a direct relationship between advanced age and increased time to perform the test. Conclusion: the "Timed Up and Go" test was not effective in predicting risk of falls alone and should associate with other indicators. Descriptors: Elderly people; Accidents by fall; Walking; Postural balance

Infarto agudo do miocárdio: perfil clínico e fatores associados ao óbito em pacientes atendidos em uma unidade de pronto atendimento / Myocardial infarction: clinical profile and factors associated with death in patients seen at an emergency care unit

Objetivo: analisar o perfil clínico e os fatores associados ao óbito, em vítimas de Infarto agudo do Miocárdio em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Metodologia: estudo documental, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em João Pessoa, Paraíba, após aprovação em Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. A amostra totalizou 150 pacientes, atendidos em 2015 e 2016. Os dados foram obtidos nos prontuários, em janeiro e fevereiro de 2017, registrados em formulário, com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versão 20.0. Resultados: Evidenciaram maior prevalência de infarto entre as mulheres (51,3%), maior acometimento na faixa etária com 70 anos ou mais (42,7%); a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (p=0,002), o tabagismo (p=0,000) e o etilismo (p=0,000) apresentaram-se como fatores de risco estatisticamente significantes. Houve maior prevalência de infarto com ST (51,3%), dor precordial típica 93 (62%), troponina reagente (98%). O IAM com supra ST (p=0,002) e a gravidade do paciente na admissão (p=0,002) foram estatisticamente associados ao óbito. Conclusão: O estudo corroborou a literatura atual no tocante a prevalência de infarto no sexo feminino e a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica como principal comorbidade nesta clientela. Denota a necessidade de reflexão sobre as estratégias de orientação a população no controle de fatores associados ao agravo, como o etilismo e o tabagismo. Os fatores que obtiveram maior relação com o óbito (IAMCST e gravidade na admissão) remetem a reflexões sobre condições para implementação de terapêuticas no serviço público

Fatores de risco relacionados às quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade

Introduction: Aging is characterized by a progressive process and gradually taking as consequence morphological, physiological, biochemical and psychological changes with increase of chronic degenerative diseases and risk of falls. Objective: Analyze the risk of falls in the elderly community residents with the aim to understand their needs and directing the nursing actions in health care practice. Method: A descriptive crosssectional and quantitative approach study developed from June to September 2016 in a town in the northeastern region of Brazil with 221 elderly residents in the community with the use of instruments structured. There was an exploratory analysis, analysis of the association between variables, calculation of sensitivity and specificity of the Fall Risk Score, and its association with the risk factors. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, protocol 0660/15 and CAAE: 51441815.1.0000.5188. Results: There was a prevalence of the elderly between 60 and 79 years, female; married, living with a partner, 1 to 4 years of education, individual income up to 1 monthly minimum wage from retirement, and 3 to 5 self-referred comorbidities. Regarding the risk of falls, stood out the score of the Fall Risk Score, anti-Parkinsonian medicine, hypoglycemia, hearing, diuretic, pain, urinary incontinence, neurological symptoms and antidepressant medicine. In relation to Fall Risk Score there was obtained an accuracy of 77.7%, sensitivity of 75% and specificity 66%, considering the three best scores to the high risk of falls. Individuals with hypertension, heart disease, cancer, cataracts or glaucoma, rheumatism, arthritis or osteoarthritis, memory problems, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and back trouble were associated with high risk of falls for Fall Risk Score. Conclusion: It was evidenced the importance of establishing individual and collective actions for prevention and health promotion for the elderly face the risks encountered. It is important that nursing staff meet and get ready for the action on the risk factors of falls among the elderly, more relevant as it allows a better care planning directed to the real needs of this population.Introducción: El envejecimiento se caracteriza por un proceso progresivo y gradual teniendo como consecuencia cambios morfológicos, fisiológicos, bioquímicos y cambios psicológicos con el aumento de las enfermedades degenerativas crónicas y el riesgo de caídas. Objetivo: Analizar el riesgo de caídas en los ancianos residentes en la comunidad con el propósito de entender sus necesidades y dirigir las acciones de enfermería en la práctica asistencial. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal y enfoque cuantitativo desarrollado durante el período de junio a septiembre de 2016 en una ciudad en la región noreste de Brasil involucrando 221 ancianos residentes en la comunidad con el uso de los instrumentos estructurados. Hubo un análisis exploratorio, el análisis de la asociación entre las variables, el cálculo de la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la caída de la puntuación de riesgo, y su asociación con los factores de riesgo. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de la Ética de la Investigación, el protocolo 0660/15 y CAAE: 51441815.1.0000.5188. Resultados: Hubo prevalencia de ancianos entre 60 y 79 años, mujeres, casadas, viviendo con el compañero, 1 a 4 años de educación, ingresos individuales hasta 1 salario mínimo mensual de jubilación y 3 a 5 comorbilidades autorreferidas. En cuanto al riesgo de caídas, el resultado de la puntuación de riesgo de caída, medicamento antiparkinsoniano, hipoglucemia, deficiencia auditiva, medicamento diurético, dolor, incontinencia urinaria, síntomas neurológicos y medicamentos antidepresivos. En lo referente a puntuación de riesgo de caída se obtuvo una precisión de 77,7%, sensibilidad de 75% y especificidad de 66%, teniendo en cuenta que los tres mejores escores señalan el alto riesgo de caídas. Personas con hipertensión, enfermedad cardíaca, cáncer, cataratas o glaucoma, reumatismo, artritis o artrosis, problemas de memoria, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis y parte posteriora del malo presentaron asociación con alto riesgo de caídas para la puntuación de riesgo de caída. Conclusión: Se evidenció la importancia de establecer acciones individuales y colectivas para la promoción de la salud y la prevención para las personas mayores frente a los riesgos encontrados. Es importante que el personal de enfermería conozcan y esteban preparados para la acción frente a los factores de riesgo de caídas entre los ancianos, más relevante ya que permite una mejor planificación de la atención dirigida a las necesidades reales de esta población.Introdução: O envelhecimento é caracterizado por um processo progressivo e gradual tendo como consequência alterações morfológicas, fisiológicas, bioquímicas e psicológicas com aumento de doenças crônico-degenerativas e risco de quedas. Objetivo: analisar o risco de quedas em idosos residentes na comunidade com a finalidade de compreender suas necessidades e direcionar as ações de Enfermagem na prática assistencial. Método: estudo descritivo, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa desenvolvido durante o período de junho a setembro de 2016 em um município da região nordeste do Brasil envolvendo 221 idosos residentes na comunidade com utilização de instrumentos estruturados. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória, análise de associação entre as variáveis, cálculo de sensibilidade e especificidade da Fall Risk Score, e sua associação com os fatores de risco. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, protocolo nº 0660/15 e CAAE:51441815.1.0000.5188. Resultados: Houve prevalência de idosos entre 60 a 79 anos, sexo feminino; casados, morando acompanhados, 1 a 4 anos de escolaridade, renda individual mensal de até 1 salário mínimo proveniente da aposentadoria, e 3 a 5 comorbidades autorreferidas. Quanto ao risco de quedas, destacou-se a pontuação da Fall Risk Score, medicamento antiparkinsoniano, hipoglicemia, deficiência auditiva, medicamento diurético, dor, incontinência urinária, sintomas neurológicos e medicamento antidepressivo. Em relação à Fall Risk Score obteve-se uma acurácia de 77,7%, sensibilidade de 75% e especificidade de 66%, considerando-se o três como melhor ponto de corte para o alto risco de quedas. Indivíduos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica, cardiopatia, câncer, catarata ou glaucoma, reumatismo, artrite ou artrose, problema de memória, diabetes mellitus, osteoporose e problema de coluna apresentaram associação com o alto risco de quedas pela Fall Risk Score. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a importância de estabelecer ações individuais e coletivas para a prevenção e promoção da saúde dos idosos frente aos riscos encontrados. É importante que a equipe de enfermagem conheça e se prepare para a atuação diante dos fatores de risco de quedas mais relevante entre os idosos, pois permite um melhor planejamento de cuidados direcionado para as reais necessidades dessa população

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora