Effect of coffe and a cola-based soft drink on the color stability of bleached bovine incisors considering the time elapsed after bleaching

There is no consensus about the waiting time necessary for the patient to start consuming beverages containing colorants again after bleaching. Objective: To evaluate the influence of beverages with coloring agents on bleached bovine incisors considering the time elapsed after bleaching. Materials and methods: Sixty bovine incisors were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for in-office use (Whiteness HP Max) and divided into 10 groups. The color was evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Spectro Shade MICRO) before and after bleaching, employing the CIE-Lab system. After bleaching, the teeth were exposed for 5 min to coffee or cola-based soft drink (CBSD) at different periods after bleaching: 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Color (∆E) and lightness (∆L) variations were obtained from the CIE-Lab coordinates. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (

ANÁLISE DO CAMPO CIENTÍFICO DOS ESTUDOS SOBRE CONEXÕES POLÍTICAS NO BRASIL

The paper aims to recognize the scientific field of research on political connections in Brazil. We used bibliometric and social network analysis to study the scientific field to systematize what was produced, identify researchers, educational institutions and discuss the inflection points proposed by the findings. We adopted as a perspective of analysis the theorization about the formation of the scientific field by Bourdieu (1983). The results reveal the concentration of research among authors, institutions and themes, suggesting endogeneity of the field with an opening bias and changes as of 2017. The findings indicate that the scientific field is not yet consolidated due to the low density of the co-authorship networks, concentration of studies in three main researchers and educational institutions. The themes developed tangent to the effects of political connections on performance, indebtedness and business investments, when approached by researchers in the administration area; and the effects on the disclosure of accounting information and on earnings management, when analyzed by scholars in the accounting area. The results are still antagonistic and can serve as a reference for new studies to fill the existing gaps.O trabalho visa identificar o campo científico das pesquisas sobre conexões políticas no Brasil. Para tanto, utiliza-se da análise bibliométrica e de redes sociais para sistematizar o que foi produzido, identificar os pesquisadores, as instituições de ensino e discutir os pontos de inflexão propostos pelos achados. Adota-se como perspectiva de análise a teorização sobre a formação do campo científico de Bourdieu (1983). Os resultados revelam a concentração das pesquisas entre autores, instituições e temáticas sugerindo endogeneidade do campo com viés de abertura e mudanças a partir de 2017. Os achados indicam que o campo científico ainda não está consolidado devido a baixa densidade das redes de coautoria, concentração dos estudos em três principais pesquisadores e instituições de ensino. As temáticas desenvolvidas tangenciam os efeitos das conexões políticas no desempenho, endividamento e nos investimentos empresariais, quando abordado por pesquisadores da área de administração; e os efeitos na evidenciação de informações contábeis e no gerenciamento de resultados, quando analisados por estudiosos da área contábil. Os resultados ainda são antagônicos e podem servir como referência para que novos estudos possam preencher as lacunas existentes

Effect of coffe and a cola-based soft drink on the color stability of bleached bovine incisors considering the time elapsed after bleaching

There is no consensus about the waiting time necessary for the patient to start consuming beverages containing colorants again after bleaching. Objective: To evaluate the influence of beverages with coloring agents on bleached bovine incisors considering the time elapsed after bleaching. Materials and methods: Sixty bovine incisors were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for in-office use (Whiteness HP Max) and divided into 10 groups. The color was evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Spectro Shade MICRO) before and after bleaching, employing the CIE-Lab system. After bleaching, the teeth were exposed for 5 min to coffee or cola-based soft drink (CBSD) at different periods after bleaching: 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Color (&#8710;E) and lightness (&#8710;L) variations were obtained from the CIE-Lab coordinates. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (p<0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed between groups for both the &#8710;L and &#8710;E values (p<0.001). All specimens presented a decrease in brightness (negative &#8710;L). The highest &#8710;E values were observed for teeth stained with a CBSD at 10 min and 1 h (4.12 and 4.16, respectively). Teeth pigmented with coffee presented &#8710;E values below 3.3 units for all evaluation times. Conclusion: The exposure to coffee after bleaching causes less color changes than the exposure to a CBSD regardless of the time after bleaching

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2