Innovación Tecnológica en Empresas Chilenas: Un Estudio Empírico Basado en Patentes

Technological Innovation in Chilean Firms: An Empirical Study Based on PatentsLiterature has focused on studying patents in particular industries, subsectors or firms, mainly in developed countries. The level or quantity of patents in Chile during the period 2007-2012 on average reached 12 triadic families, while in countries like Argentina and Mexico presented averages of 12 and 15 respectively. The overall average for the same period amounted to 48,242 OECD triadic patent families. This shows the interest of the scientific community to study the phenomenon of patent creation, and, on the other hand, the large technological gap between developed and developing countries. We propose to study the determinants of patenting in Chilean firms, as a case of a developing country. We use a probit model where the dependent variable takes value one if the firm has or is in the process of obtaining an invention patent (technological) and zero if not. Our database has 4,338 Chilean firms, is cross-sectional and corresponds to an extract of the Eighth Survey of Innovation in Firms 2011-2012. The results show that the age of the firm, the base of existing knowledge, and the use of governmental instruments to support R&D have a positive effect on creation of patents

Stochastic analysis of the economic growth of OECD countries

This study examined the determinants of economic development for the 34 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and analysed efficient uses of economic development resource endowments. The methodology included econometric panel data modelling and stochastic frontier analysis, using the Cobb-Douglas production function and trans-logarithmic functional form to analyse data from 2003 to 2012. Economic growth was measured by the gross domestic product (GDP) of each economy. As a result, the determinants of economic development were presented and a ranking of efficiency was obtained for all OECD economies throughout the period of analysis. It was concluded that countries with higher economic growth levels have higher efficiency rankings. For example, countries with higher efficiency rankings were Luxembourg and the U.S.; Chile and Mexico were ranked lower. Finally, there was a positive relationship between growth levels and technical efficiency levels

Propuesta con recomendaciones para la implementación del Servicio Local de Educación Pública Costa Colchagua

130 p.El proyecto de tesis “Propuesta con recomendaciones para la implementación del Servicio Local de Educación Pública Costa Colchagua”, nace de la necesidad de realizar un aporte concreto, orientado principalmente a las seis comunas que compondrán dicho Servicio, que según decreto N° 70 del año 2021, comenzaría sus funciones en marzo del año 2024. La ley 21.040, del Ministerio de Educación, promulgada en el año 2017 que crea los Servicios Locales de Educación Pública, quienes serán los responsables de la gestión y administración de la educación pública chilena, no han estado exentos de inconvenientes en su etapa de implementación. Así lo explican tres estudios que se incorporan en este documento. Según los estudios analizados en este proyecto de tesis, respecto a la experiencia en el funcionamiento de los primeros 11 Servicios Locales de Educación Pública, a nivel nacional, un aspecto fundamental para que la implementación sea más eficiente es el trabajo y compromiso previo que puedan realizar los actuales sostenedores de la Educación Pública, función que recae en los jefes del Departamento de Administración Educacional Municipal (DAEM). El documento que se presenta contiene la historia y el contexto actualizado de la educación chilena, centralización - descentralización, municipalización, desmunicipalización, y los hitos que han marcado la trayectoria de los distintos gobiernos en la aspiración de mejorar el sistema educativo en nuestro país. Para complementar el análisis, se presentan entrevistas de distintos actores involucrados en la Nueva Educación Pública, y como, desde sus experiencias y requerimientos se pueden levantar propuestas con recomendaciones para que el Servicio Local Costa Colchagua, que está a las puertas de implementarse, sea eficiente y logre entregar trasversalmente un servicio educativo de calidad, conforme las expectativas que todos tenemos de mejorar la educación chilena. Del estudio efectuado se presentan propuestas con recomendaciones para mejorar el proceso de implementación, enfocadas hacia la División de Educación Pública, SEREMIS, DEPROV y Jefes del Departamento de Administración de Educación Municipal (DAEM). // ABSTRACT: The thesis project "Proposal with Recommendations to Implement Local Education Services Colchagua Coast” comes from the need to make a concrete contribution, oriented towards six communes that will make up such service, which according to decree No. 70 of the year 2021, it would begin its functions in March 2024. Law 21.040, of the Ministry of Education, enacted in 2017, which created the Local Public Education Services, whom will be responsible for the management and administration of Chilean Public Education. This organization has not been exempted from inconveniences in its implementation stage. This is explained by three studies that are incorporated in this document. According to the studies analyzed in this thesis project, regarding the experience of the operation of the first 11 Local Services nationwide, a fundamental aspect for the initial execution is to be more efficient than previous commitments, that could be carried out by the current supporters of Public Education, a function that falls on the heads of the Department of Municipal Educational Administration (DAEM). The document that is presented contains the history and updated context of Chilean education, centralization - decentralization, municipalization – undoing of municipalization, and the milestones that have marked the trajectory of the different governments in the aspiration to improve the educational system in our country. To complement the analysis, interviews of different actors involved in the New Public Education are presented. From their experiences and requirements, it could make proposals with recommendations to the Colchagua Coast Local Service, which is about to be implemented, so it can be more efficient, and manage to deliver a quality educational service transversally, in accordance with the expectations of the public that it has to improve Chilean education. From the study carried out, proposals are presented with recommendations to improve the implement process, focused on the Public Education Division, SEREMIS, DEPROV and Heads of the Department of Municipal Education Administration (DAEM)

Use of crowdfunding in Chile: an exploratory approach

The FinTech industry includes crowdfunding companies, which consist of collaborative financing platforms. The potential use of crowdfunding among Chilean undergraduate students is empirically analyzed. An ordered probit model is used to test the determinants of the probability that a student will use a crowdfunding platform in the future. Also, a qualitative analysis containing arguments by which students would or would not use crowdfunding in the future is presented. The results indicate that trust in financial institutions and prior crowdfunding knowledge have a positive and significant effect on the probability of using these platforms. This paper constitutes one of the first to explore the growing crowdfunding market in Chile from the demand perspective

Analysis of the internationalization and value chain activities in Chilean enterprises

An open economy inserted in an environment with increasing participation of global value chains, such as the Chilean economy, requires information about how its business integrates into international markets. The contribution of this study is that it evaluates the stages and patterns of Chilean firms' internationalization by using a value chain activities framework, identifying four categories. The intensity of upstream and downstream business activities allows classifying the mode in each of the four categories. Members of the Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (SOFOFA) answered the survey design for this study. Results illustrate companies' behavior concerning international trade and foresight of further critical issues

Impacto de la competencia y de la ley de subsidio escolar sobre la calidad de la educación en Chile

We analyzed the effect of competition and the Preferential School Subsidies (SEP) Law on the quality of Chilean schools for the period 2000-2013. We use dynamic panel regressions, and we show that competition has a positive and non-linear effect on education quality. The initial positive effect of competition on education quality is not persistent and is reversed for high levels of competition. The impact of competition on education quality also depends on the administrative dependence of schools. The SEP Law increased education quality, but through competition the inequality between public and private schools deepened. These results are relevant for the design of public policies aimed at reducing inequality in Chilean education.Analizamos el efecto de la competencia y la Subvención Escolar Preferencial (SEP) sobre la calidad de las escuelas chilenas para el período 2000-2013. Utilizamos modelos de panel dinámicos y mostramos que la competencia tiene un efecto positivo y no lineal en la calidad de la educación. El efecto positivo inicial de la competencia sobre la calidad de la educación no es persistente y se revierte en los altos niveles de competencia. El impacto de la competencia en la calidad de la educación también depende de la dependencia administrativa de las escuelas. La Ley SEP aumentó la calidad de la educación, pero a través de la competencia profundizó la desigualdad entre escuelas públicas y privadas. Estos resultados son relevantes para el diseño de políticas públicas orientadas a reducir la desigualdad en la educación chilena