Dinámica de largo plazo (1991-2004) de la fauna de poliquetos de los fondos sublitorales blandos frenta a Punta Coloso (Antofagasta), norte de Chile

Long-term monitoring (1990 to 2004) at four stations (50 to 60 m depth) off Punta Coloso, Antofagasta, northern Chile, has allowed us to study temporal changes in the sublittoral macrobenthic polychaete infauna composition and abundance. The numerical contribution of the polychaete fraction to the total fauna was high (65 to 93%), whereas biomass was smaller and variable (20 to 85%). The number of invertebrate species collected per cruise was relatively low (40 to 90 species) and the number of polychaete species ranged from 18 to 37 per cruise (mean = 29.9), with a cumulative number of 56 polychaete species. The most abundant species collected included the small-sized Aricidea pigmentata Carrasco (26.5%), Magelona phyllisae Jones (22.7%), Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers) (13.5%), Tharyx longisetosa Hartmann-Schröder (12.1%), and Prionospio peruana Hartmann-Schröder (11.8%). Clear general patterns or tendencies are not seen in temporal variations of polychaete fauna nor when analyzing the seasons individually. P. pinnata was the only dominant species to show a general tendency in abundance fluctuations. Although the study period included two El Niño events (1991-1992 and 1997-1998), a clear dynamic was not seen in either abundance or dominant species. The analyzed data validate or corroborate high stability or persistence over time that has been suggested for polychaete fauna in the study area. Such stability or persistence exists in spite of high seasonal variability and interannual fluctuations in the region’s oceanographic conditions.La vigilancia de largo plazo (1990 a 2004), de la infauna de poliquetos de cuatro estaciones sublitorales (50 a 60 m de profundidad) frente a Punta Coloso, Antofagasta, norte de Chile, ha permitido estudiar sus cambios en composición y abundancia. La contribución numérica de la fracción poliquetos a la fauna total fue alta (entre 65% y 93%), mientras a la biomasa total fue menor y variable (20% - 85%). El número de especies de invertebrados por crucero fue relativamente bajo (40 a 90 especies) y el número de especies de poliquetos varió entre 18 y 37 por crucero (media = 29,9) y un número acumulativo de especies igual a 56. Las especies mas abundantes fueron Aricidea pigmentata Carrasco (26,5%), Magelona phyllisae Jones (22,7%), Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers) (13,5%), Tharyx longisetosa Hartmann-Schröder (12,1%) y Prionospio peruana Hartmann-Schröder (11,8%). Las variaciones temporales de la fauna de poliquetos, no muestra patrones o tendencias claras, como tampoco cuando se analizan cada una de las estaciones por separado. De las fluctuaciones de la abundancia de las especies dominantes, tampoco es posible apreciar tendencias, a excepción de la conducta de los números de P. pinnata. La presencia de dos eventos El Niño (1991-1992 y 1997-1998) tampoco se reflejan con alguna claridad en la dinámica de la abundancia de las diferentes estaciones como de las especies dominantes. Los datos aquí analizados validan la persistencia y alta estabilidad temporal sugerida para la fauna de poliquetos del área de estudio, a pesar de la alta variabilidad ambiental señalada para la región. &nbsp

Collegial Forms of Implementation of Directionality in National Innovation Strategies

The normative turn that occurred as a result of radical reforms in science, technology, and innovation policies in various countries has sparked a broad discussion around the “directionality-neutrality” dilemma in science, technology, and innovation (STI) development strategies. However, despite a number of recent publications and science and innovation policy programs, the relationship between these two principles, including the practice of their application by government agencies, remains understudied. A representative analysis (using qualitative methods) of the two national STI councils and their role in strategy development, focusing on the process of approach selection and its value orientation, will fill this gap. On the basis of the collected information and scientific literature, the connection with different policy options is identified. It is shown that the role of the councils is determined by their powers and resources and the boundaries of relevant practices and directions for further research are outlined

Una propuesta de evaluación económica del programa de salud de la familia de Brasil

El Programa de Salud de Familia (PSF) en Brasil ha sido encarado positivamente por su impacto social en la cobertura de salud primaria en las comunidades más pobres del país. El presente artículo propone una metodología que permita estudiar, sobre la base de estudios econométricos, el impacto del PSF en los indicadores de salud materno-infantil, en los indicadores de salud de la población adulta y en indicadores de gasto-efectividad del programa. De esta forma, se podría proponer con más seguridad la extensión del programa sobre la base de evidencias que permitan generalizar las acciones efectivas o eventualmente cambiar el rumbo de las acciones que no han garantizado una mejor efectividad.Cuidado de salud, Política de salud, Pobreza, salud primaria, programas de salud, salud pública

Theory of light transmission through an array of rectangular holes

In a two-dimensional array of rectangular holes perforated on a metallic film, two mechanisms leading to enhanced transmission of light operate: excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized resonances that are also present in single holes. In this paper, we analyze theoretically how the two mechanisms evolve and mix when the period of the array is varied. We also demonstrate that absorption in the metal is the main limiting factor for the SPP-based enhanced transmission

Holey metal films: From extraordinary transmission to negative-index behavior

In this paper we study the common physical background of the phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission in holey metal films and the emergence of the negative refractive index behavior in double fishnet structures. Here we provide further evidence that the resonant magnetic response of the latter structures is associated with the excitation of gap surface plasmon modes. The evolution of the optical response with the number of double fishnet layers is also addressed, finding that the effective refractive index reaches a converged value for a moderate number of layers

Theory of Negative-Refractive-Index Response of Double-Fishnet Structures

A theory is presented of the negative refractive index observed in the so-called double-fishnet structures. We find that the electrical response of these structures is dominated by the cutoff frequency of the hole waveguide whereas the resonant magnetic response is due to the excitation of gap surface plasmon polaritons propagating along the dielectric slab. Associated with this origin, we show how the negative refractive index in these metamaterials presents strong dispersion with the parallel momentum of the incident light

The Influence of the Buccoâ Palatal Distance on Sinus Augmentation Outcomes

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141630/1/jper1041.pd

ACUTE RESPONSES TO 4 VS. 4 SMALL-SIDED GAMES IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

The aim of this study was to examine acute physiological responses, physical fitness parameters and timemotion characteristics associated with a 4-a-side small-sided game in amateur level players. Sixteen male football players (age 23.9±4.2 years) completed one 4-a-side small sided game with the aim of maintaining ball possession as long as possible. The participants were monitored for external load and physiological parameters, and tested before and after for physical fitness assessment. A Student’s paired t-test was conducted to determine the differences in physical fitness assessment. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to determine the dynamics of physiological parameters in players, their RPE and time-motion characteristics of SSG. A significant difference was found in 20 m sprint time between before and after the SSG (Δ=+1.3%). No significant differences were found between bouts or recovery periods for THb and SmO2, nor between HR-related variables (ES=.005-.383). Compared to RPE in bout 1, greater values were observed in bouts 2, 3, and 4 (Δ=+5.3%, p=.008, ES=.40; Δ=+9.6%, p=.002, ES=.98; Δ=+15.1%, p=.000, ES=1.29; respectively). No significant differences were found between bouts for time-motion characteristics. The results demonstrated that RPE responses increased throughout bout periods, whereas the rest of physiological parameters were maintained over the entire protocol. Due to possible fatigue accumulation, physical fitness performance was impaired (sprint) and the external load was reduced over the course of the protocol

Microwave-assisted solution synthesis, microwave sintering and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite

[EN] A simple, soft, and fast microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was used for the preparation of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite powders from commercially-available Fe(NO3)(3)center dot 9H(2)O, Co(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O, ammonium hydroxide, and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAH). The synthesis was conducted in a sealed-vessel microwave reactor specifically designed for synthetic applications, and the resulting products were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and HR-TEM. After a systematic study of the influence of the microwave variables (temperature, reaction time and nature of the bases), highly crystalline CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with a high uniformity in morphology and size, were directly obtained by heating at 130 degrees C for 20 min using the base TPAH. Dense ceramics of cobalt ferrite were prepared by non-conventional, microwave sintering of synthesized nanopowders at temperatures of 850-900 degrees C. The magnetic properties of both the nanopowders and the sintered specimens were determined in order to establish their feasibility as a permanent magnet.This work has been carried out with financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and CSIC through the Projects MAT2015-67586-C3-R and NANOMIND, respectively. A. Borrell acknowledges MINECO for a Juan de la Cierva contract (IJCI-2014-19839).Fariñas, JC.; Moreno, R.; Pérez, A.; García, MA.; García-Hernández, M.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Borrell Tomás, MA. (2018). Microwave-assisted solution synthesis, microwave sintering and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 38(5):2360-2368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.12.052S2360236838