Vacunas de las hepatitis viricas: de la A a la E

En los últimos cuarenta años el desarrollo del conocimiento de los virus causantes de hepatitis ha sido impresionante y hoy DIAGNOSTICAMOS al menos cinco tipos de virus, dos de transmisión oral y tres de transmisión parenteral y sexual( Figura 1 ).Estos virus – A,B,C,D y E - están en el origen mas del 95% de los casos de hepatitis víricas vistas en clínicas. Así mismo se han obtenido vacunas para los virus A,B,D y probablemente E y tratamientos farmacológicos para tratar los virus de transmisión parenteral – fundamentalmente el VHC - y su conocimiento ha permitido hacer hincapié en la importancia del desarrollo de la salubridad del agua de bebida y la depuración de aguas residuales como medida preventiva de las hepatitis de transmisión oral, sobre todo en los países menos desarrollados

Proactive and reactive thermal aware optimization techniques to minimize the environmental impact of data centers

Data centers are easily found in every sector of the worldwide economy. They are composed of thousands of servers, serving millions of users globally and 24-7. In the last years, e-Science applications such e-Health or Smart Cities have experienced a significant development. The need to deal efficiently with the computational needs of next-generation applications together with the increasing demand for higher resources in traditional applications has facilitated the rapid proliferation and growing of Data Centers. A drawback to this capacity growth has been the rapid increase of the energy consumption of these facilities. In 2010, data center electricity represented 1.3% of all the electricity use in the world. In year 2012 alone, global data center power demand grep 63% to 38GW. A further rise of 17% to 43GW was estimated in 2013. Moreover, Data Centers are responsible for more than 2% of total carbon dioxide emissions

Amotamini ombe kete kowen nani an Waodani Bameno Kewenani

El Waodani, es un ser humano con una rica cosmovisión, el mismo que le permite vivir en armonía con la naturaleza. La selva es su principal medio de interlocución. Esta cultura mantiene sabios conocimientos sobre la vida; una de ellas es el canto que, lo utilizan para relacionarse con sus antepasados, con la naturaleza, y para augurar éxitos en las actividades cotidianas. Entre los cantos cotidianos, los Waodani cantan a la actividad de hacer la cacería, a la familia, al matrimonio, la elaboración de la lanza, la guerra, la paz, la siembra, y entre otros. Sin embrago, en los últimos tiempos, los waodani, en una suerte de aculturación están perdiendo su tradiciones culturales, especialmente el canto cotidiano. Muy pocas comunidades como la de Bameno y los ancianos, son los que practican esta antigua forma de darle sentido a todas las actividades cotidianas a través del canto. Por su parte los jóvenes waodanis, por la influencias mismo del mundo circundante, se están despojando de sus cantos. Esta es la preocupación por lo que se ha dado especial atención por describir los cantos antiguos y analizar su contenido cultural y sus significados, para que, sirva de inspiración para nuevas investigaciones, y en lo posible sirva de insumo para los contenidos curriculares en los Centros Educativos Comunitarios de la zona Waodani. En este sentido, “el canto en las actividades cotidianas de la comunidad waodani Bameno”, es un tema que puede despertar muchas inquietudes sobre la continuidad de las tradiciones culturales del pueblo Waodani.Waodani, gikene nee waokan ingampa tomenga apamo nangi waemo imamo impa, nano aa beye, waa kete godogame ombede iñomo kewengampa. Ombede gikene impa tomenani nani bee tente godogame ombe tono aweidi geña kete kewen. Mani nani eñemamo gikene tome kewengimamo beye impa; tomemamo impa amotamini nani amamo, mani nani amamo gikene weeneyede nani kegai ante ponente ananipa, ombede beye, aye amo dee an kewenkeboimpa ante ananipa tomenani nani keweñomo. Adobai tomenani amotamini ani añede gieken wodogate pedani tomenani awen gii ante, ooinga oin ante, naniwenkabo manomai kewenanipa ante, ñanongi ante, tapa toin ante, tapa tenoin ante, wadete kewengi ante, kewen gain ante, aye wakoo godomenke wodogate anani amotamini. Aye adobai in nani kewenepo iñede gikene, waodani wadani nempo bee tente beye tomenani memeidi neenai tono amotamini pakadani doobe win ponenani badanimpa. Pakayomonga nanikweñomo aye memeidi imai keadsanimpa ante aye tode pedani, amotamini anani, aye dodani kegain ante apenedanimpa, maninani inanipa Bameno owodani, ongiñenani pikenani tomenani kowen amotamini tono dodani keai ante kete beye win ponemai inanipa. Edenani gikene tomenani wadani yaabe ponani tono bee tente beye win ponenanipa tomenani wemeidi amotamini angai ante. Manomai badani ate beye in minkayonta monato yewemomonapa amotamini tono dodani kegai, ébano ante angadanii ante, kinante wodogate angadani ante, mani yewemoin adinke nee minkayonta beye ate eñekedanimpa ante kedani tomenani anani godomenke diki minte akinani aye eñenani bakedanimpa ante yewemonte impa waodani nanikewemenka. Manomai impa ante “Amotamini ombe kete kowen nani an waodani Bameno Kewenani”, nani ani ñani omente bai eñenginani ante yewemoin impa memeidi dodani nani eñente angai waodani keweñomo.Licenciado en Ciencias de la Educación con mención en Educación Intercultural BilingüeCuenc

The price of the throne. Public finances in Portugal and Castile and the War of the Castilian Succession (1475–9)

Published online: 26 Dec 2022The reign of Henry IV of Castile ended without a clear heir to thethrone, triggering a military conflict between the candidates,Isabella and Ferdinand–the future Catholic Monarchs–andJoanna and Afonso V of Portugal. Ultimately, what was at stakewas the balance of power not only in the Iberian Peninsula, butin Western Europe more broadly. The conflict transcended themilitaryfield and tested the strength and adaptability of twoprecocious and dynamic statefinancial structures. The aim of thisarticle is to compare the way both publicfinance systems copedwith this conflict and responded to a challenge that was to shapetheir future evolution.The work for this project was supported by the following: FEDER Research project‘Circuitosfinancieros, crecimiento económico y guerra (siglos XV–XVI)’, Junta de Andalucía [grantnumber UMA18-FEDERJA-098]; the research project‘De la lucha de Bandos a la hidalguía uni-versal: transformaciones sociales, políticas e ideológicas en el País Vasco (siglos XIV–XVI)’, Min-istry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain [grant number HAR2017-83980-P]; theresearch project‘La construcción de una culturafiscal en Castilla: poderes, negociación y articu-lación social (ca. 1250–1550)’, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain [grantnumber PGC2018-097738-B-100]; and the research project,‘O Marco dos Navios e o seuimpacto no comércio e no sistemafiscal Português durante o Erário Régio (1761–1833), Foun-dation for Science and Technology of Portugal [grant number SFRH/BPD/110798/2015]

Leveraging heterogeneity for energy minimization in data centers

Energy consumption in data centers is nowadays a critical objective because of its dramatic environmental and economic impact. Over the last years, several approaches have been proposed to tackle the energy/cost optimization problem, but most of them have failed on providing an analytical model to target both the static and dynamic optimization domains for complex heterogeneous data centers. This paper proposes and solves an optimization problem for the energy-driven configuration of a heterogeneous data center. It also advances in the proposition of a new mechanism for task allocation and distribution of workload. The combination of both approaches outperforms previous published results in the field of energy minimization in heterogeneous data centers and scopes a promising area of research

Dealing in practice with hot-spots

The hot-spot phenomenon is a relatively frequent problem occurring in current photovoltaic generators. It entails both a risk for the photovoltaic module's lifetime and a decrease in its operational efficiency. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of widely accepted procedures for dealing with them in practice. This paper presents the IES-UPM observations on 200 affected modules. Visual and infrared inspection, electroluminescence, peak power and operating voltage tests have been accomplished. Hot-spot observation procedures and well defined acceptance and rejection criteria are proposed, addressing both the lifetime and the operational efficiency of the modules. The operating voltage has come out as the best parameter to control effective efficiency losses for the affected modules. This procedure is oriented to its possible application in contractual frameworks.Comment: 6 pages, 13 figures, conference proceedings 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 201