Acute and chronic effects of magnetic microparticles used in lake restoration on Daphnia magna and Chironomus sp.

Magnetic microparticles (MPs) have been recently proposed as a new and promising tool for restoring eutrophicated inland waters. In this study, we analyzed the acute and chronic effects of iron (Fe) MPs on Daphnia magna and on the benthic macroinvertebrate Chironomus sp. The endpoint in the acute toxicity tests was immobilization. In the chronic toxicity tests the offspring production (male and female) in D. magna and the mortality of larvae and pupae, and adult emergence in Chironomus sp. experiments were used as the endpoints. The concentration of MPs that caused 50% of immobilized individuals (EC50) in the acute toxicity test was much higher in D. magna (0.913 g Fe l-1) than in Chironomus sp. (0.445 g Fe l-1), which is likely to be the result of differences in the lifestyle of these organisms, planktonic and benthic respectively. Considering the regular dose of MPs that could be used in a restoration plan, slight effects on organism immobilization are expected. The results of chronic toxicity tests in D. magna showed that in presence of dissolved Fe (dFe), parthenogenetic reproduction was significantly affected, while no significant effect on mortality of larvae and pupae and on adult emergence was detected in Chironomus sp. test. Taking into account that long-term exposure is not likely to occur under the regular procedure of MPs, we conclude that MPs is a riskless (no toxic effect on planktonic and benthic organisms) and efficient (high P adsorption capacity) tool for lake restoration.This work was supported by Junta de Andalucía project P10-RNM-6630 (Proyectos de Excelencia, Spain), MINECO CTM 2013-46951-R projects (Spain) and by the European Founding for the Regional Development (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER)

Effect of the Carbon Support and Conditions on the Carbothermal Synthesis of Cu-Molybdenum Carbide and Its Application on CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

The synthesis of methanol by carbon dioxide hydrogenation has been studied using copper-molybdenum carbides supported on high surface area graphite, reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes. The synthesis conditions and the effect of the support were studied. The catalysts were prepared in situ using H2 or He at 600 °C or 700 °C. Both molybdenum carbide and oxycarbide were obtained. A support with less reactive carbon resulted in lower proportion of carbide obtained. The best results were achieved over a 5 wt.% Cu and 10 wt.% Mo on high surface area graphite that reached 96.3% selectivity to methanol.A.B. Dongil acknowledges financial support from Fundación General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo, Spain) and EU H2020-MSCA, GA. Nº 101008058. Financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and EU (FEDER) (projects PID2020-119160RB-C21, PID2019-103453GB-C21, CTQ2017-89443-C3-1-R, and CTQ2017-89443-C3-3-R) is also acknowledged. The APC was funded by EU H2020-MSCA, GA. Nº 101008058

La participación de las mujeres africanas en la Educación Superior

El informe que se desarrolla a continuación presenta un análisis comparativo sobre la situación de las mujeres africanas en la Educación Superior en los países de Cabo Verde, Marruecos y Mauritania. Se parte de un estudio general de la situación de la mujer en África, así como una investigación sobre el contexto político, social y económico de los países seleccionados. Posteriormente, se ha realizado una recogida de datos e información vinculada a las siguientes categorías: Indicadores Educativos, Titulaciones escogidas en función del sexo y Profesorado Universitario. De esta manera, se han utilizado fuentes primarias y secundarias de carácter cualitativo y descriptivo, así como datos cuantitativos, que han permitido realizar el análisis comparativo necesario para el desarrollo de esta investigación. Dichos datos han permitido conocer las semejanzas y diferencias de género en educación existentes en los países nombrados y el grado de inclusión actual de la mujer en la Educación Superior. Asimismo, se incluirá una propuesta de mejora basada en las debilidades y fortalezas encontradas.Learning for Comprehensive Education (SEP, 2017) of the new Educational Model for Basic Education (SEP, 2017) developed and implemented by the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) of Mexico in that year. In this Plan of Studies, primary and secondary educations are supported and the Civic and Ethics Training course is part of it, which constitutes the curricular space in which education in the gender perspective is included with the study of the theme Equality and Gender Perspective. This subject is taught at the elementary level in the grades; 4th, 5th and 6th as in the secondary level 1st 2nd 3rd grades. The methodology used to analyze this education al proposal had as a theoretical reference the Learning Objectives to achieve SDG 5 established in the 2030 Agenda prepared by UNESCO (2017). In the development of this work, complementarily and similarities are established between the lessons learned from the study of Gender Equality and Perspective and Learning Objectives to achieve SDG 5 related to Gender Equality

Alcohol consumption trends among Spanish school-aged adolescents in the first decade of the 21st century

Objetivo: Conocer la tendencia en el consumo de cerveza, vino y licores destilados de los adolescentes españoles en 2002, 2006 y 2010, así como la tendencia de haber experimentado episodios de embriaguez durante este mismo periodo de tiempo. Método: La muestra está conformada por 23.169 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años de edad: 7103 en 2002, 10.443 en 2006 y 5623 en 2010. En las tres ediciones del estudio, los datos son representativos de los escolares de esas edades en España. Se utilizó el cuestionario de consumo de alcohol consensuado por el equipo internacional del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Se estimaron las odds ratio y los intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante regresiones logísticas. Resultados: Los resultados principales muestran un descenso del consumo frecuente de vino y licores destilados de 2002 a 2010, que se mantiene cuando se controla la variabilidad debida al sexo y a la edad de los participantes. Sin embargo, se encontró una tendencia al alza de los episodios de embriaguez en las diferentes cohortes de adolescentes estudiadas. Conclusiones: Se obtienen resultados de especial importancia para el análisis de las consecuencias de las políticas de salud pública implementadas durante los años que abarca el estudio. Se encuentran cambios en los patrones de consumo de las diferentes bebidas alcohólicas, lo que puede constituir una información clave para el diseño de nuevas políticas de salud pública.Objective: To determine trends in beer, wine, and liquor consumption among Spanish adolescents in 2002, 2006, and 2010, as well as drunkenness trends during the same period. Method: The study sample was composed of 23,169 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years old: 7,103 in 2002, 10,443 in 2006 and 5,623 in 2010. In the three time points of the study, the data were representative of Spanish adolescent students. We used the alcohol consumption questionnaire designed by the international team of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals through logistic regressions. Results: The main results showed a decrease in frequent consumption of wine and liquor from 2002 to 2010. This decrease was maintained after controlling for the variability due to the participants’ gender and age. However, an increasing trend was found in drunkenness episodes in the different cohorts of the adolescents under study. Conclusions: The results ofthis study are of particular importance in the analysis ofthe effects ofthe public health policies implemented during this time period. We also found changes in consumption patterns of the various alcoholic drinks, which may constitute key information in the design of new public health policies.Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e IgualdadMinisterio de Sanidad y Política Social (Sanidad, Política Social e Igualdad/Sanidad y Política Social/Sanidad y Consumo

Carbothermally generated copper–molybdenum carbide supported on graphite for the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

The carbothermal synthesis of monometallic and bimetallic molybdenum carbide and copper, supported on high surface area graphite (H), has been studied by in situ XRD, XPS, D2-TPD, TEM/STEM, TG-mass spectrometry, and N2 adsorption. The catalysts were prepared using H2 at 600 °C or 700 °C and tested in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Molybdenum carbide and oxycarbide phases were obtained, as well as hydride species, at 600 °C on both monometallic MoxC/H and bimetallic CuMoxC/H in a similar proportion. Upon increasing the temperature up to 700 °C, the formation of metallic Mo is favourable. Although this is observed on supported MoxC and CuMoxC, the bimetallic sample is less affected by the formation of the hydride, and molybdenum carbide is also observed upon treatment at 700 °C. With regards to the catalytic performance, supported monometallic copper was not active, but copper increased the activity and selectivity of the molybdenum carbide. The yield of methanol per catalyst's weight increases upon increasing the copper loading, indicating that a cooperation reaction takes place between the smallest Cu particles in contact with the molybdenum phase. The catalysts synthesized at 700 °C are less active and less selective to methanol favouring the reverse water gas shift under the studied conditions. Interestingly, the catalysts are stable under the reaction conditions, and the detected phases by XRD of the spent catalysts suggest that the hydride species favoured transformations involving MoOxCyHz ↔ β-Mo2C.A. B. Dongil acknowledges financial support from the Fundación General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo and iLink project No 20211 from CSIC (Spain)). Financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and EU (FEDER) (projects MAT2016-80285-P, CTQ2017-89443-C3-1-R and CTQ2017-89443-C3-3-R) is also acknowledged

Comparison of Pd and Pd4S based catalysts for partial hydrogenation of external and internal butynes

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21908002), project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M660416) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (buctrc201921).Peer reviewedPostprin

Economía y Política del Medio Ambiente y el Aprendizaje Basado en Supuestos

Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de discutir sobre la docencia de Economía del Medio Ambiente a través de la utilización del aprendizaje basado en supuestos. Para ello se toma como referencia la experiencia llevada a cabo en el caso de la asignatura de Economía y Política del Medio Ambiente impartida a alumnos del Grado en Economía. Con la finalidad de analizar el aprendizaje se hace uso de mejoras en el enfoque de contenidos, metodología y evaluación

Aprendizaje activo en la Política Económica Territorial

Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de exponer una experiencia de aprendizaje activo en el entorno universitario. Para ello se ha tomado de referencia la docencia de la asignatura de Política Económica Territorial del Grado en Economía. El diseño de la experiencia engloba aspectos relacionados con contenidos, metodología y análisis de la evaluación desde un punto de vista subjetivo por parte del alumno