Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis

El cáncer colorrectal representó en el año 2008 el tercer tumor más diagnosticado en España, siendo la segunda neoplasia que causó más fallecimientos. El conocimiento del proceso carcinogenético de este tipo de enfermedad permitirá el descubrimiento de nuevas terapéuticas que conlleven menores tasas de incidencia y mortalidad. El continuo avance en la enfermedad tumoral hace que esta revisión sea una puesta al día en el conocimiento de la carcinogénesis del cáncer colorrectalIn 2008, colorectal cancer represented the third most commonly diagnosed tumor in Spain, and the second tumor that caused more deaths. Knowledge of the carcinogenetic process of this disease will allow the discovery of new therapies involving lower rates of incidence and mortality. The continuous progress in tumor disease makes this review an update on the knowledge of colorectal cancer carcinogenesi

Time-periodic Metallic Metamaterials defined by Floquet Circuits

In this paper, we study the scattering and diffraction phenomena in time-modulated metamaterials of metallic nature by means of Floquet equivalent circuits. Concretely, we focus on a time-periodic screen that alternates between "metal" and "air" states. We generalize our previous approaches by introducing the concepts of "macroperiod" and "duty cycle" to the time modulation. This allows to analyze time-periodic metallic metamaterials whose modulation ratios are, in general, rational numbers. Furthermore, with the introduction of the duty cycle, perfect temporal symmetry is broken within the time modulation as the time screen could remain a different amount of time in metal and air states. Previous statements lead to an enrichment of the diffraction phenomenon and to new degrees of freedom that can be exploited in engineering to control the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves. Finally, we present some analytical results that are validated with a self-implemented finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach. Results show that the scattering level and diffraction angles can be controlled independently by means of the duty cycle and the modulation ratio, respectively. Thus, novel time-based pulsed sources and beamformers can be efficiently designe

Analytical Equivalent Circuits for Three-dimensional Metamaterials and Metagratings

In recent times, three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials have undergone a revolution driven mainly by the popularization of 3D-printing techniques, which has enabled the implementation of modern microwave and photonic devices with advanced functionalities. However, the analysis of 3D metamaterials is complex and computationally costly in comparison to their 1D and 2D counterparts due to the intricate geometries involved. In this paper, we present a fully-analytical framework based on Floquet-Bloch modal expansions of the electromagnetic fields and integral-equation methods for the analysis of 3D metamaterials and metagratings. Concretely, we focus on 3D configurations formed by periodic arrangements of rectangular waveguides with longitudinal slot insertions. The analytical framework is computationally efficient compared to full-wave solutions and also works under oblique incidence conditions. Furthermore, it comes associated with an equivalent circuit that allows to gain physical insight into the scattering and diffraction phenomena. The analytical equivalent circuit is tested against full-wave simulations in commercial software CST. Simulation results show that the proposed 3D structures provide independent polarization control of the two orthogonal polarizations states. This key property is of potential interest for the production of full-metal polarizers, such as the one illustrated

Curso 0 Online de Aspectos Básicos de Matemáticas para alumnado de la Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales de la Universidad de Málaga

El objetivo principal de esta comunicación es describir la experiencia que, desde el curso 2018/2019, venimos desarrollando un grupo de 7 profesores de las Áreas de Matemática Aplicada y de Estadística e Investigación Operativa de la Universidad de Málaga con el alumnado de nuevo ingreso en la Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales. Esa experiencia consiste, básicamente, en un curso 0 virtual que se estructura en torno a una serie de materiales multimedia que establecen un punto de nexo común y que pueden ser utilizados tanto en las Matemáticas de Bachillerato como en las de Ingeniería, además de servir para ayudar al alumnado en su preparación antes de iniciar sus estudios de Ingeniería, ya que la mayoría de los estudiantes que provienen del Bachillerato encuentran un gran desnivel entre las Matemáticas que han visto en su centro de Secundaria y Bachillerato y las de la Universidad. Describiremos los inicios de la experiencia, su evolución durante los distintos cursos académicos (incluidos los cursos de la pandemia por la COVID19), llegando hasta su estructura actual. Terminaremos analizando las valoraciones del alumnado participante en el curso 0 y algunas pinceladas sobre el trabajo futuro.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

SODES: Solving ordinary differential equations step by step

In this paper, we introduce SODES (Stepwise Ordinary Differential Equations Solver) a new solver for Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). SODES can optionally provide the solution displaying all the steps needed to obtain it. This way, SODES is an important tool not only for researchers who need solving ODE but also constitutes an important tool for the teaching and learning process of ODE. SODES has been developed using programming with a Computer Algebra System (CAS). Specifically, we use the CAS Derive but it can be easily adapted to any other CAS supporting programming. SODES provides, step by step, the solution of the following types of ODE: separable, homogeneous, exact, integrating factors, linear, Bernoulli, Riccati, first order ODE of nth degree, Cauchy’s problems of first order ODE, higher order linear homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, Lagrange’s method for particular solutions of higher order linear equations with constant coefficients, higher order linear equations with constant coefficients and Cauchy’s problems of higher order linear equations with constant coefficients. SODES also deals with two generic programs which determine the type or types of a given ODE and provides the solution. In this paper we will also introduce a draft of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for SODES in a local web application using programming in Python (using its CAS module SymPy) which is a more portable and free CAS. This draft can be used in English, French and Spanish, and can be easily extended to other languages. The code of SODES and the GUI are freely available so that it can be used by users who also will be able to adapt it to their needsFunding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

EDUMATICUS: EDUcación MATemática con TIC en Universidad y Secundaria

El objectivo principal de esta comunicación es presentar la actividad del grupo EDUMATICUS, EDUcación MATemática con TIC en Universidad y Secundaria, cuyo objetivo principal es elaborar materiales multimedia que sirvan de complemento para la docencia de las asignaturas de Matemáticas de Ingeniería y de Bachillerato con vídeos de los desarrollos teóricos y de los ejercicios típicos resueltos paso por paso. Describiremos la web y el canal de YouTube donde alojamos los materiales que elaboramos, prestando especial atención a su estructura y en las categorías en que clasificamos los materiales. Seguiremos detallando los escenarios donde utilizamos estos materiales con nuestros alumnos y terminaremos comentando el trabajo futuro que tenemos previsto desarrollar.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Presence of necrotic strains of Potato virus Y in Mexican potatoes

Correction to Ramírez-Rodríguez VR, Frías-Treviño G, Aviña-Padilla K, Silva-Rosales L, Martínez-Soria JP: Presence of necrotic strains of Potato virus Y in Mexican potatoes. Virology Journal 2009, 6:4

Teaching Partial Differential Equations With a CAS

It is very common that Engineering students nd difficulties when studying advanced Mathematics subjects. To help in the teaching and learning process of such subjects, the teacher can use an adequate mathematical software. But not always the used given to these specific pieces of software is the right one. The use of a Computer Algebra System (CAS) to achieve this goal is a good idea mainly because programming with a CAS, the solution to a problem can be obtained step by step. This way, the student can check all the intermediate steps to get the solution and can nd the step or steps where the student made a mistake. In this talk, we introduce SPDES, a Stepwise Partial Differential Equation Solver (an extension of SFOPDES). SPDES deals with some second order PDE in addition to the first order PDE considered in SFOPDES. SPDES can be used as a self tutorial for PDE since it solves, step by step, the typical exercises within the topic. The type of PDE that SPDES can solve are: Pfaff Differential Equations, Quasi-linear PDE, Lagrange-Charpit Method for first order PDE, Heat equation, Wave equation and Laplace's equation. SPDES has been developed using the programming capabilities of the CAS Derive, providing not only the final result but also, optionally, the display of all the steps needed to solve typical exercises on PDE.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A Non Markovian Retrial Queueing System

Researches on retrial queues with non-geometrical retrial times is motivated by real computers and telecommunication networks, where retrial times can hardly be geometrical distributed. The inherent difficulty with non-geometrical retrial times is caused by the fact that queueing models must keep track of the elapsed retrial time for each of possibly a very large number of customers in the orbit. This paper analyses a discrete-time Geo/G/1 retrial queue with general retrial times in which the arriving customers may opt to follow a LCFS-PR discipline or to join the orbit. The Markov chain underlying the system has been studied, the generating functions of the number of customers in the orbit and in the system as well as its expected values are derived. The stochastic decomposition law and, as an application, bounds for the proximity between the steady-state distribution for the system under study and its corresponding standard system has been derived.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Microrna-21 and colorectal cancer

Introducción. Los microRNAs son estructuras moleculares con actividad post-transcripcional que están implicados en la regulación de la expresión genética. Diversos estudios ponen de manifiesto la participación de los microRNAs con distintas funciones fisiológicas, así como con el proceso de la oncogénesis. La expresión de los microRNAs puede verse alterada en las neoplasias por su interacción bien con los genes supresores de tumores, bien con los oncogenes. Discusión. Llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura sobre el microRNA-21, poniendo de manifiesto la evidencia existente entre el microRNA-21 y la enfermedad neoplásica, de forma especial con el cáncer colorrectal. Conclusiones. El estado actual de los microRNAs hace necesario continuar con la investigación existente entre la etiopatogenia de las neoplasias y los microRNAs. El conocimiento de la verdadera implicación de los microRNAs en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad neoplásica, permitirá ampliar las supuestas aplicaciones clínicas del miR-21 no sólo a la determinación del pronóstico del cáncer colorrectal, sino también desde el punto de vista diagnóstico al poder diferenciar las lesiones de la mucosa colónicaIntroduction. MicroRNAs are molecular structures with post-transcriptional activity, involved in the gene expression regulation. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of microRNAs in different physiological functions, as well as in the oncogenesis process. The expression of microRNAs may be altered in the tumors by either interaction with tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Discussion. A review of the medical literature on microRNA-21 has been conducted, showing the evidence between microRNA-21 and neoplastic disease, specially with colorectal cancer. Conclusion. The current status of microRNAs makes necessary to continue the investigation of the pathogenesis of cancer and microRNAs. The knowledge of the involvement of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of neoplastic disease, will allow to extend the supposed clinical applications of miR-21 not only to the determination of the prognosis of colorectal cancer, but also for the differential diagnosis of processes of colonic mucosa