CanScreen5, a global repository for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening programs

The CanScreen5 project is a global cancer screening data repository that aims to report the status and performance of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening programs using a harmonized set of criteria and indicators. Data collected mainly from the Ministry of Health in each country underwent quality validation and ultimately became publicly available through a Web-based portal. Until September 2022, 84 participating countries reported data for breast (n = 57), cervical (n = 75) or colorectal (n = 51) cancer screening programs in the repository. Substantial heterogeneity was observed regarding program organization and performance. Reported screening coverage ranged from 1.7% (Bangladesh) to 85.5% (England, United Kingdom) for breast cancer, from 2.1% (Côte d’Ivoire) to 86.3% (Sweden) for cervical cancer, and from 0.6% (Hungary) to 64.5% (the Netherlands) for colorectal cancer screening programs. Large variability was observed regarding compliance to further assessment of screening programs and detection rates reported for precancers and cancers. A concern is lack of data to estimate performance indicators across the screening continuum. This underscores the need for programs to incorporate quality assurance protocols supported by robust information systems. Program organization requires improvement in resource-limited settings, where screening is likely to be resource-stratified and tailored to country-specific situations.</p

History and status of local cotton Gossypium spp. in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) contains more than 45 diploid (2n = 26) and at least five allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 52) species. The five allotetraploid (genome A and D) lineages that belong to the primary gene pool are indigenous to the Americas, including G. barbadense, G. hirsutum, G. mustelinum (Northeast Brazil), G. darwinii endemic to the Galapagos Islands, and G. tomentosum Nutall ex Seemann endemic to the Hawaii Islands. Recently, two other species, G. ekmanianum and G. stephensii, have been characterized. This review attempts to describe the historical context and importance of the cotton economy in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador during the pre and post-colonial and mention the status of conservation and characterization of cotton germplasm, and current national access to these genetic resources in each country. The document presents information about cotton agriculture and manufacture and its use by indigenous communities for clothing, ritual, and medicinal purposes, where G. barbadense was the only species used at the time. Although in the last century, upland commercial cultivars industrially belonging to the species G. hirsutum replaced the native cotton species in these four countries. Currently, native cotton species are maintained and conserved in national genebanks, although limited information is available, and more research is necessary to identify attributes that allow the countries to move forward in plant breeding initiatives. In terms of legislation, it was found that the four countries have legislation to regulate the processes of access to genetic resources, traditional knowledge, and the distribution of benefits for their conservation and use. Up to now, this information for the four South American countries is dispersed and generally included in publications of a varied nature such as scientific and technical.EEA ReconquistaFil: Arriel, N.H.C. Embrapa Algodão; BrasilFil: Cerón, M. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Cardoso, K.C.M. IF Goiano; BrasilFil: Dileo, Pablo Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: González, C. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Hoffmann, L.V. Embrapa Algodão; BrasilFil: Jiménez, H. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Klein, Lorena Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Lima, M.M. de A. Embrapa Algodão; BrasilFil: Medina, C. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Larrañaga-Monsalve, J.F. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Monteros-Altamirano, Á. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Estación Experimental Santa Catalina. Departamento Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos; EcuadorFil: Muchut, Robertino José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Paytas, Marcelo Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez-Mosquera, M.E. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA. Centro de Investigacion Tibaitatá; ColombiaFil: Salgado Funes, E.F. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) – Proyecto +Algodón FAO – ABC/MRE, Oficina Regional de la FAO Para América Latina y el Caribe; ChileFil: Spoljaric, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; Argentin

Gravest Empirical Mode to be used by Inverted Echo Sounders in order to determine the zonal flows in the South Atlantic

Four Pressure-equipped Inverted Echo Sounders (PIES) were deployed at about 10°W, between 19 and 35°S, the South Atlantic Gateway (SAGA), in order to determine the zonal flows in the South Atlantic. Those PIES will allow to observe the circulation of two water masses, the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) and the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), that flow in opposite directions across the South Atlantic, between Cape town and Brazil, through the SAGA. The measurements from the PIES, together with historical hydrographic data, permit to estimate the profiles of temperature and salinity of the water column, and therefore the density. Besides, using the thermal-wind equation, it is possible to retrieve the geostrophic velocity from an array of PIES. In order to get those estimations of temperature and salinity, it is necessary to determine the Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM), a relationship between the acoustic travel time observed by the PIES and the historical observations of salinity and temperature in the study area. In this work, we will show the GEM estimated for the SAGA, calculated using historical hydrographic data from CTDs and Argo Float, as well as, the estimations of the error in the geostrophic transport