Data and models from multi-model inference of non-random mating from an information theoretic approach

This is a co-submission with Multi-model inference of non-random mating from an information theoretic approach [1]. These data corresponds to the complete simulated data set jointly with the set of models defined for analysing the data. The simulated data set was obtained using the program MateSim [2]. The simulated cases correspond to one-sex competition and mate choice models. For each simulation run, the population frequencies (premating individuals) and the sample of 500 mating pairs were generated randomly for a hypothetical trait with two classes at each sex. Some datasets represent larger population size species (n = 10 000) and the mating process was represented as a sampling with replacement, and the population frequencies were constant over the mating season. The minimum phenotype frequency (MPF) allowed was 0.1. Five different model cases were simulated, namely random mating, female competition with mate choice (with independent or compound parameters) and male competition with mate choice (with independent or compound parameters). Each case was simulated 1000 times. Other datasets represent monogamous species (with large or small population size) and the mating process was without replacement (from the point of view of the available phenotypes). These data sets were used to test the performance of the multi-model inference methodology proposed in [1]. The data may be useful for testing any new/old statistics for measuring sexual selection or assortative mating patterns.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C2016-037Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. CGL2016-75482-

1LocusSim a mobile-friendly simulator for teaching population genetics

MOTIVATION: Biology students often struggle with the fundamental concepts of evolutionary genetics, including genetic drift, mutation and selection. To address this problem, 1LocusSim was developed to simulate the interaction of different factors, such as population size, mutation, selection and dominance, to study their effect on allelic frequency during evolution. With 1LocusSim, students can compare theoretical results with simulation outputs and solve and analyze different problems of population genetics. The 1LocusSim web has a responsive design which means that it has been specifically designed to be used on smartphones. RESULTS: To demonstrate its use, I review the classical overdominance model of population genetics and highlight a characteristic that is often not explicitly stated. Specifically, it is emphasized that the equilibrium of the model does not depend on the homozygous selection coefficients but rather on the ratio of the selection coefficients. This is already clear from the classical formula but maybe not so much for students. Also it implies that the equilibrium can be expressed solely in terms of the dominance coefficient h. To verify this theoretical prediction, I utilize the simulator and calculate the equilibrium for the well-known case of sickle cell anemia. By utilizing this tool, students can learn at their own pace and convenience, anywhere and anytime. AVAILABILITY IMPLEMENTATION: 1LocusSim if freely available at https://1LocusSim-biosdev.pythonanywhere.com/. Website implemented under the Bottle micro web-framework for Python, with all major browsers supported. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2020/05Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Evaluación y medidas de prevención del peligro aviario en los Aeropuertos El Dorado, José María Córdova y Perales

Este ensayo esta basado en las investigaciones realizadas por (Rico et al, 2005,2006) y consiste en la problemática aviar en los aeropuertos de Colombia, es un problema que se debe tener en cuenta para así lograr mitigar o si es posible llevarlo a cero esto genera un riesgo altísimo en la aviación ya que en estos tres aeropuertos como El Dorado, José María Córdova y Perales, han sido construidos cerca a humedales y cultivos de arroz como el ultimo, esto genera un incremento en el índice de accidentes e incidentes, ya que atraen varias especies de aves, Colombia maneja la comunidad mas diversa y abundante del mundo con un promedio del 19 % de aves, sin tener en cuenta las aves migratorias que llegan a el país. Aunque en la actualidad se están manejando programas para mitigar este riesgo, no son suficientes ya que hace falta de conciencia e interés frente a este problema

Simulation of Genomes: A Review

There is an increasing role of population genetics in human genetic research linking empirical observations with hypotheses about sequence variation due to historical and evolutionary causes. In addition, the data sets are increasing in size, with genome-wide data becoming a common place in many empirical studies. As far as more information is available, it becomes clear that simplest hypotheses are not consistent with data. Simulations will provide the key tool to contrast complex hypotheses on real data by generating simulated data under the hypothetical historical and evolutionary conditions that we want to contrast. Undoubtedly, developing tools for simulating large sequences that at the same time allow simulate natural selection, recombination and complex demography patterns will be of great interest in order to better understanding the trace left on the DNA by different interacting evolutionary forces. Simulation tools will be also essential to evaluate the sampling properties of any statistics used on genome-wide association studies and to compare performance of methods applied at genome-wide scales. Several recent simulation tools have been developed. Here, we review some of the currently existing simulators which allow for efficient simulation of large sequences on complex evolutionary scenarios. In addition, we will point out future directions in this field which are already a key part of the current research in evolutionary biology and it seems that it will be a primary tool in the future research of genome and post-genomic biology

Evidence of recombination within human alpha-papillomavirus

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a causal role in cervical cancer with almost half a million new cases occurring each year. Presence of the carcinogenic HPV is necessary for the development of the invasive carcinoma of the genital tract. Therefore, persistent infection with carcinogenic HPV causes virtually all cervical cancers. Some aspects of the molecular evolution of this virus, as the putative importance of recombination in its evolutionary history, are an opened current question. In addition, recombination could also be a significant issue nowadays since the frequency of co-infection with more than one HPV type is not a rare event and, thus, new recombinant types could be currently being generated. RESULTS: We have used human alpha-PV sequences from the public database at Los Alamos National Laboratory to report evidence that recombination may exist in this virus. A model-based population genetic approach was used to infer the recombination signal from the HPV DNA sequences grouped attending to phylogenetic and epidemiological information, as well as to clinical manifestations. Our results agree with recently published ones that use a different methodology to detect recombination associated to the gene L2. In addition, we have detected significant recombination signal in the genes E6, E7, L2 and L1 at different groups, and importantly within the high-risk type HPV16. The method used has recently been shown to be one of the most powerful and reliable procedures to detect the recombination signal. CONCLUSION: We provide new support to the recent evidence of recombination in HPV. Additionally, we performed the recombination estimation assuming the best-fit model of nucleotide substitution and rate variation among sites, of the HPV DNA sequence sets. We found that the gene with recombination in most of the groups is L2 but the highest values were detected in L1 and E6. Gene E7 was recombinant only within the HPV16 type. The topic deserves further study because recombination is an important evolutionary mechanism that could have high impact both in pharmacogenomics (i.e. on the influence of genetic variation on the response to drugs) and for vaccine development

El intelectualismo socrático en la tarea moral del maestro

Se me ha encomendado este honor en este número de ésta importante revista de las Ingenierías y he querido retomar una de las líneas como es lo pedagógico como elemento orientador del que hacer docente y haciendo memoria a uno de nuestros grandes maestros, amigo y fundador de este prestigioso Campus, el Doctor Andrés Entrena Parra, que a diario buscaba inculcar con su ejemplo a todos los docentes; el tema de la ética en la Educación Universitaria.Quien más para emular este propósito que beber en las fuentes clásicas de otro gran maestro, aunque él término acuñado no fue la ética sino moral, plantea a mi manera de ver el deber ser de la tarea del maestro en tiempos posmodernos, para algunos un discurso poco innovador lo que obliga a reinventar la definición diciendo que es una forma nueva de ver lo viejo. Fieles a esta premisa para Sócrates es un deber moral del maestro orientar las nuevas generaciones en la búsqueda del conocimiento, que solo se puede construir con el autorreflexión y con la ayuda de un buen método, en este caso la “mayéutica”

Theoretical Spectrscopic Study of Two Ketones of Atmospheric Interest: Methyl Glyoxal (CH3COCHO) and Methyl Vinyl Ketone (CH3COCH=CH2)

Two ketones of atmospheric interest, methyl glyoxal and methyl vinyl ketone, are studied using explicitly correlated coupled cluster theory and core−valence correlationconsistent basis sets. The work focuses on the far-infrared region. At the employed level of theory, the rotational constants can be determined to within a few megahertz of the experimental data. Both molecules present two conformers, trans/cis and antiperiplanar (Ap)/ synperiplanar (Sp), respectively. trans-Methyl glyoxal and Ap-methyl vinyl ketone are the preferred structures. cis-Methyl glyoxal is a secondary minimum of very low stability, which justifies the unavailability of experimental data in this form. In methyl vinyl ketone, the two conformers are almost isoenergetic, but the interconversion implies a relatively high torsional barrier of 1798 cm−1. A very low methyl torsional barrier was estimated for trans-methyl glyoxal (V3 = 273.6 cm−1). Barriers of 429.6 and 380.7 cm−1 were computed for Ap- and Sp-methyl vinyl ketone. Vibrational second-order perturbation theory was applied to determine the rovibrational parameters. The far-infrared region was explored using a variational procedure of reduced dimensionality. For trans-methyl glyoxal, the ground vibrational state was estimated to split by 0.067 cm−1, and the two low excited energy levels (1 0) and (0 1) were found to lie at 89.588 cm−1/88.683 cm−1 (A2/E) and 124.636 cm−1/123.785 cm−1 (A2/E). For Ap- and Sp-methyl vinyl ketone, the ground vibrational state splittings were estimated to be 0.008 and 0.017 cm−1, respectively.European Commission 872081National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 0061-00101-17-2Spanish Government EIN2019-103072 PID2020112887GB-I00 PID2019-104002GB-C21ERDF A Way of Making Europe European Union Next Generation EU/PRTRCTI (CSIC)CESGARed Espanola de Computacion AECT-20202-0008 RES-AECT-2020-3-001

Testing a eustress–distress emotion regulation model in British and Spanish front-line employees

Studies suggest that suppressing emotions required by occupational roles (i.e., surface acting [SA]) can lead to employees’ emotional exhaustion. In contrast, trying to experience the emotions required by the role (i.e., deep acting [DA]) appears to be a less harmful strategy for the employee. However, problems with 1 of the mainstream measures of DA call for a reexamination of the construct’s operationalization and a clarification of its consequences. Furthermore, an integrated model explaining the differential outcomes of the 2 main emotion regulation (ER) strategies (SA and DA) is also required. Building on eustress–distress literature, it was hypothesized that cognitive reappraisal (a suggested operationalization of DA) would be associated with perception of thriving customer interactions, eliciting the eustress response (i.e., increased efficacy and commitment). It was also expected that suppression would be associated with perception of draining customer interactions, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions. Importantly, in line with the eustress–distress model, no cross-relationships between the eustress and distress route were hypothesized. A cross-national study comprised theme park employees from Spain (N=208) and the United Kingdom (N=204) and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used. Hypotheses were supported therefore the eustress–distress model offers a plausible explanation of the work-related ER outcomes. As an ER strategy, cognitive reappraisal may promote perceptions of thriving customer interactions that in turn generates opportunities to develop valued personal resources and organizationally desirable attitudes. Organizations should invest in individually based interventions to assist employees in interpreting customer demands in less harming ways

Alimentación y nutrición en zonas vulnerables: Estudio diagnóstico

Purpose. To make a community diagnosis in families living in vulnerable areas in Sonora state and determine how factors such as knowledge and use of backyard gardens relate to food consumption.  Methodology. A non-experimental cross-sectional design was used. Sampling involved the participation of 124 inhabitants through a convenience, non-probabilistic approach.  Theoretical and practical Findings: The results show that 30 of 124 individuals have average weight and height. Having a backyard garden at home leads to differences in sugar consumption.  Transdisciplinary and innovation sustainable originality. This work involves different disciplines, such as the social worker area, nutritional sciences, and education, is necessary to innovate sustainable programs and tools for people in vulnerable contexts since it allows us to have intervention from different axes, which can impact the integral way in the diagnostic stage for the selection and design of measures of the intervention project in the community a through food and community orchards. Conclusions and limitations: It is concluded that the diagnosis points towards the need for nutritional education and the promotion of family gardens.Objetivo. Elaborar un diagnóstico comunitario en familias en zonas vulnerables del estado de Sonora y determinar cómo los factores de conocimiento y uso de huerto de traspatio se relacionan con el consumo de alimentos. Metodología. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. A partir de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, participaron 124 habitantes. Hallazgos Teóricos y Prácticos. Los resultados muestran que 30 de 124 personas se encuentran en peso y talla normal. El contar con huerto en casa genera diferencias en el consumo de azucares. Originalidad desde el punto de vista transdisciplinar y de innovación sostenible. El trabajo transdisciplinario que involucra diferentes disciplinas como el área del trabajador social, las ciencias nutricionales y la educación son necesarias para innovar programas y herramientas sostenibles para personas en contextos vulnerables, ya que nos permite contar con una intervención desde diferentes ejes, que pueda impactar de manera integral en la etapa diagnóstica para la selección y diseño de medidas del proyecto de intervención en comunidad mediante alimentación y huertos comunitarios. Conclusiones y limitaciones. Se concluye que el diagnóstico nos orienta hacia la necesidad de una educación nutricional y usos de huertos familiares

Isocyanic acid (HNCO) in the hot molecular core G331.512-0.103: observations and chemical modelling

The authors thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments that improved the article. CMC acknowledges the support of CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Brazil, process number 141714/2016-6. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. LB acknowledges support fromCONICYT (Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica) project Basal AFB-170002. EM acknowledges support from the Brazilian agencies FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, grant 2014/22095-6) and CNPq (grant 150465/2019-0). MC acknowledges the financial support from theEuropean Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no 872081; from the Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation plan (RDI plan) under the project PID2019-104002GB-C21; the Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6105/UGR; the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (ref. COOPB20364); and by the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica, Matematicas y Computacion (CEAFMC) of the University of Huelva.Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is a simple molecule with a potential to form prebiotic and complex organic species. Using a spectral survey collected with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment, in this work we report the detection of 42 transitions of HNCO in the hot molecular core/outflow G331.512-0.103 (hereafter G331). The spectral lines were observed in the frequency interval ∼160–355 GHz. By means of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium analyses, applying the rotational diagram method, we studied the excitation conditions of HNCO. The excitation temperature and column density are estimated to be Tex= 58.8 ± 2.7 K and N = (3.7 ± 0.5) × 1015 cm−2, considering beam dilution effects. The derived relative abundance is between (3.8 ± 0.5) × 10−9 and (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10−8. In comparison with other hot molecular cores, our column densities and abundances are in agreement. An update of the internal partition functions of the four CHNO isomers: HNCO; cyanic acid, HOCN; fulminic acid, HCNO; and isofulminic acid, HONC is provided. We also used the astrochemical code NAUTILUS to model and discuss HNCO abundances. The simulations could reproduce the abundances with a simple zero-dimensional model at a temperature of 60 K and for a chemical age of ∼105 yr, which is larger than the estimated dynamical age for G331. This result could suggest the need for a more robust model and even the revision of chemical reactions associated with HNCO.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 141714/2016-6Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) 001Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) Basal AFB-170002Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2014/22095-6Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 150465/2019-0European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 872081Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation plan (RDI plan) PID2019-104002GB-C21Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y UniversidadJunta de AndaluciaEuropean Commission SOMM17/6105/UGRMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades COOPB20364Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica, Matematicas y Computacion (CEAFMC) of the University of Huelv