The effect of education on in-prison conflict: evidence from Argentina

Using census data for Argentine prisons for the period 2002-2005, this paperpresents evidence of the positive e¤ect that prisoner education programs (pri-mary and some part of secondary schooling) have on in prison conflictivitymeasured as sanctions or violent behavior of the prisoner. In order to over-come the problems of endogeneity that education decisions generate we usean instrumental variables approach. Our results show a decrease in partici-pation in violent conflicts and bad behavior which can be partially attributedto education.prison based education, violent behavior

Acerca del concepto de desarrollo forestal sostenible

Aunque la idea del desarrollo forestal sostenible está comunmente aceptada, su marco teórico plantea numerosos problemas, sobre todo, de interpretación. Se hace preciso ajustar aún más el modelo teórico de la sustentabilidad forestal con la finalidad de que la acción y práctica forestal sean lo más justas, equitativas, eficaces y eficientes

Kidnaps and Migration: Evidence from Colombia

Using a unique data set from the major Colombian cities collected between 2000-2003 and with information on more than 16,000 households, this paper studies the relationship between the kidnap risk a household faces with its migration decisions. We find evidence that exposure to such risk induces households to react sending some of their members to an international destination but not necessarily to a domestic one. This finding is robust to the inclusion of several household characteristics usual in the migration literature and an alternative measure of kidnap risk. The implication of our findings suggest a possible brain drain" from Colombia."Migration, Kidnaps

Alcohol use and family‑related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project

Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi-Square test and Student’s T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2-17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9-48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.This work was supported by the National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Codes: 2010/145, 2013/034 and 2020/030) and project PI16/01947

Transport and Combustion of Firebrands. Final Report of Grants FG-SP-114 and FG-SP-146 Vol. II

A theoretical and experimental study has been carried out on the combustion properties and flight paths of firebrands when they are carried upwards by convective currents and then forwards by the winds. The study has shown that the flight paths of firebrands can be fall decreases continuously as the firebrand burns. Several types of wind tunnels have been developed especially designed to study combustion of firebrands at their final velocity of fall. The study has also show that combustion of firebrands at constant wind speed. The influence of the initial size and initial shape of the firebrands, kind of wood and initial moisture content has been studied, as well as the influence of several types convection columns configurations. Results of these studies enable the calculation of the maximum range of possible fire spread by firebrands of given initial characteristics, once the convective currents above the fire are known as vell as the horizontal wind conditions

Política social, cualificaciones profesionales y sustentabilidad forestal

El componente social es, junto con el ecológico y el económico, uno de los ejes vertebradores de la sustentabilidad forestal. Dentro de dicha vertiente el capital humano es el referente y recurso estratégico de mayor relevancia. Es preciso establecer criterios, principios y elementos de sustentabilidad forestal en las competencias profesionales y, en definitiva, en el conjunto de elementos de las diferentes y variadas ocupaciones forestales. En este sentido y, entre otros aspectos, estudiamos la incorporación de criterios de sustentabilidad forestal (condiciones de trabajo, salud laboral, formación y aprendizaje, etc.) para algunas de las ocupaciones y cualificaciones profesionales demandadas en la actualidad por las empresas del sector forestal

Cooperación española al desarrollo forestal sostenible con los países en vías de desarrollo

Análisis de la situación de la ccoperación española en materia forestal con los países en vías de desarrollo, señalando las limitaciones existentes y la incidencia de la actual situación económica global. Se enmarca la cooperación al desarrollo forestal sostenible dentro del cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio y del Plan Director de la Cooperación Española 2009-2012

Thermal discrete dipole approximation for near-field radiative heat transfer in many-body systems with arbitrary nonreciprocal bodies

The theoretical study of many-body effects in the context of near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) has already led to the prediction of a plethora of thermal radiation phenomena. Special attention has been paid to nonreciprocal systems in which the lack of the Lorentz reciprocity has been shown to give rise to unique physical effects. However, most of the theoretical work in this regard has been carried out with the help of approaches that consider either pointlike particles or highly symmetric bodies (such as spheres), which are not easy to realize and explore experimentally. In this work we develop a many-body approach based on the thermal discrete dipole approximation (TDDA) that is able to describe the NFRHT between nonreciprocal objects of arbitrary size and shape. We illustrate the potential and the relevance of this approach with the analysis of two related phenomena, namely the existence of persistent thermal currents and the photon thermal Hall effect, in a system with several magneto-optical bodies. Our many-body TDDA approach paves the way for closing the gap between experiment and theory that is hindering the progress of the topic of NFRHT in many-body systemsJ.C.C. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant No. PID2020-114880GB-I00