New epidemiological and diagnostic contributions to the study of the interaction between livestock and wildlife

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, leída el 06-11-2014Depto. de Sanidad AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEunpu

Thermal reference points as an index for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals

BACKGROUND Monitoring body temperature is essential in veterinary care as minor variations may indicate dysfunction. Rectal temperature is widely used as a proxy for body temperature, but measuring it requires special equipment, training or restraining, and it potentially stresses animals. Infrared thermography is an alternative that reduces handling stress, is safer for technicians and works well for untrained animals. This study analysed thermal reference points in five marine mammal species: bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas); Patagonian sea lion (Otaria flavescens); harbour seal (Phoca vitulina); and Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). RESULTS The thermogram analysis revealed that the internal blowhole mucosa temperature is the most reliable indicator of body temperature in cetaceans. The temperatures taken during voluntary breathing with a camera held perpendicularly were practically identical to the rectal temperature in bottlenose dolphins and were only 1 °C lower than the rectal temperature in beluga whales. In pinnipeds, eye temperature appears the best parameter for temperature control. In these animals, the average times required for temperatures to stabilise after hauling out, and the average steady-state temperature values, differed according to species: Patagonian sea lions, 10 min, 31.13 °C; harbour seals, 10 min, 32.27 °C; Pacific walruses, 5 min, 29.93 °C. CONCLUSIONS The best thermographic and most stable reference points for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals are open blowhole in cetaceans and eyes in pinnipeds

Fish- and Shellmiddens from Galicia (Northwest Spain): Reflections upon a Neglected Coastal Cultural Heritage from the Iberian Peninsula

[EN] The physiographical features of the Galician sea, in particular its temperature, marine currents and plankton richness, have turned its waters into one of the most biologically diversified marine regions of the planet. The 1500 km of shorelines from this Northwest Iberian region are dotted with rías (Galician fjords) where settlements devoted to fishing and trade have existed since prehistoric times. These activities left abundant testimonies in terms of archaeological deposits. In recent decades, urban/industrial development, as well as a number of natural agents (e.g., storms, sea level rise, climate change), is rapidly erasing the evidences of this rich cultural heritage. Loss of fish and shellmiddens in particular will hamper our ability to infer traditional lifeways, doing away with evidence that is crucial to monitoring past climatic changes and to inferring those biological conditions under which marine species and coastal populations thrived in the past. This paper surveys some issues dealing with the coastal bio-archaeological heritage of Galicia, and the risks these deposits face. It concludes with a proposal to save this increasingly threatened marine heritage.S

Plan de mejoramiento institucional enfocado en la resolución asertiva y pacífica de conflictos en el Colegio Liceo Nacional Antonia Santos IED

71 páginasSe han planteado diferentes metodologías de acción que abordan el conflicto de forma constructiva, buscando siempre acuerdos desde los que sea posible reformular el conflicto como una oportunidad de crecimiento personal y mejoramiento del clima organizacional. Desde el enfoque de investigación-acción educativa, este trabajo pretende generar una estrategia que, a nivel institucional, brinde a las y los educandos de octavo grado de la jornada tarde, del Colegio Liceo Nacional Antonia Santos IED, las herramientas necesarias para resolver sus conflictos de manera asertiva y pacífica. Por otro lado, se toma como referente para el desarrollo de este proyecto, la Guía 34 Guía para el mejoramiento institucional de la autoevaluación al plan de mejoramiento del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, con el fin de que este trabajo contribuya significativa y favorablemente en las dinámicas de clima y convivencia escolar en la institución. Con el fin de obtener información que validara la pertinencia de la realización de este proyecto, se realizaron dos encuestas -una dirigida a estudiantes y otra a docentes- junto con una revisión documental de observadores de los estudiantes, a partir de las cuales se pudo concluir que aunque los estudiantes manifiesten que resuelven sus conflictos dialogando, en la práctica se aprecia que el mecanismo que usan recurrentemente es la agresión verbal, hecho que da a entender que los estudiantes malinterpretan el significado del diálogo como estrategia para resolver conflictos. Por otro lado, la revisión documental de los observadores de los estudiantes, permitió concluir que el principal tipo de conflictos que suceden en el grupo focal, corresponden a Situaciones Tipo I, principalmente agresiones gestuales, definidas en este trabajo como actitudes desafiantes de los estudiantes hacia sus compañeras, compañeros y/o docentes.Especialización en Gerencia EducativaEspecialista en Gerencia Educativ

Reuse Detector: Improving the management of STT-RAM SLLCs

Various constraints of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) are leading to consider new memory technologies as candidates for building on-chip shared last-level caches (SLLCs). Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is currently postulated as the prime contender due to its better energy efficiency, smaller die footprint and higher scalability. However, STT-RAM also exhibits some drawbacks, like slow and energy-hungry write operations that need to be mitigated before it can be used in SLLCs for the next generation of computers. In this work, we address these shortcomings by leveraging a new management mechanism for STT-RAM SLLCs. This approach is based on the previous observation that although the stream of references arriving at the SLLC of a Chip MultiProcessor (CMP) exhibits limited temporal locality, it does exhibit reuse locality, i.e. those blocks referenced several times manifest high probability of forthcoming reuse. As such, conventional STT-RAM SLLC management mechanisms, mainly focused on exploiting temporal locality, result in low efficient behavior. In this paper, we employ a cache management mechanism that selects the contents of the SLLC aimed to exploit reuse locality instead of temporal locality. Specifically, our proposal consists in the inclusion of a Reuse Detector (RD) between private cache levels and the STT-RAM SLLC. Its mission is to detect blocks that do not exhibit reuse, in order to avoid their insertion in the SLLC, hence reducing the number of write operations and the energy consumption in the STT-RAM. Our evaluation, using multiprogrammed workloads in quad-core, eight-core and 16-core systems, reveals that our scheme reports on average, energy reductions in the SLLC in the range of 37–30%, additional energy savings in the main memory in the range of 6–8% and performance improvements of 3% (quad-core), 7% (eight-core) and 14% (16-core) compared with an STT-RAM SLLC baseline where no RD is employed. More importantly, our approach outperforms DASCA, the state-of-the-art STT-RAM SLLC management, reporting—depending on the specific scenario and the kind of applications used—SLLC energy savings in the range of 4–11% higher than those of DASCA, delivering higher performance in the range of 1.5–14% and additional improvements in DRAM energy consumption in the range of 2–9% higher than DASCA

Actividades tecnológicas escolares como potenciadoras de las habilidades comunicativas en inglés

El presente trabajo es resultado de una propuesta de intervención en el aula bajo un enfoque cualitativo desde una metodología de Investigación Acción Educativa (IAE). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la forma en que las Actividades Tecnológicas Escolares (ATE) impactan el nivel de desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas en inglés, en estudiantes de básica y media de 2 colegios oficiales de Bogotá, Colombia. En esta investigación se consideraron las potencialidades de las ATE como mediaciones en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del inglés, desde un modelo constructivista en entornos blended de aprendizaje desarrollando prácticas de robótica y electrónica educativa. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes de grado cuarto del Colegio John F. Kennedy IED y por estudiantes de grado undécimo del Colegio Técnico Domingo Faustino Sarmiento IED, con una muestra específica de 8 estudiantes de cada institución. Dentro de la propuesta pedagógica se diseñaron unidades didácticas usando instrumentos de recolección de datos, tales como: pruebas de entrada y salida de competencias comunicativas, guías de trabajo, laboratorios, prácticas computarizadas, de programación y videos. Posteriormente se elaboró un sistema de categorías que permitió construir una matriz de análisis que revela cómo se desarrollan en el tiempo los objetivos de las ATE, se construye un aprendizaje de tipo interpretativo, colaborativo y constructivista y se obtienen variaciones en las habilidades comunicativas de los participantes. Esta investigación concluye con una propuesta de articulación interdisciplinar entre las ATE y la enseñanza del inglés para el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas.Estudiantes grado cuartoThis research is the result of a proposal of intervention in the classroom following a qualitative approach based on a methodology of Educational Action Research (EAR). The main objective was to determine the way in which Technological School Activities ?ATE? (Spanish acronym for Actividad Tecnológica Escolar), impact the level of development of communicative skills in English, in elementary and high school students from two official schools in Bogotá city, Colombia. For this research, we considered the potential of ATE as mediations in teaching and learning processes of English. we followed a constructivist model in blended environments, developing pedagogical practices around robotics and electronics. The focus group were students of fourth grade of elementary school of the Colegio John F. Kennedy IED and students of eleventh grade from the Colegio Técnico Domingo Faustino Sarmiento IED. The analysis was focused on a specific group of eight students in every school. Within the pedagogic proposal, didactic units were designed using instruments of data compilation such as: diagnostic and exit tests of communicative skills, classwork guides, lab workshops, computer-based practices, programming workshops, and videos. Then, we prepared a system of categories that allowed us to build an analysis matrix that showed how ATE objectives can developed as well as how it can be achieved a type of interpretative, collaborative, and constructivist learning, and how variations in the communicative skills of the participants take place. this research proposes an interdisciplinary approach between ATE and the education of English for the development of communicative skills.Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí

Evidence of shared bovine viral diarrhea infections between red deer and extensively raised cattle in south-central Spain

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (Sus scrofa). It is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. Little is known about the sharing of BVDV infection between wild and domestic animals in the same habitat, which is important for designing eradication campaigns and preventing outbreaks, especially on hunting estates with high animal densities

Products from the sea in inland settlements of the Northwest of The Iberian Peninsula during Roman Times

[ES] La incorporación del noroeste ibérico al marco administrativo y económico romano dio lugar a importantes cambios en los sistemas de distribución de bienes de consumo. De manera concreta, este estudio se enfoca en el aprovechamiento de los recursos marinos, influido tanto por la significación social que adquiere el consumo de ciertos productos como por la demanda generada ante los nuevos gustos alimenticios. El nuevo escenario socioeconómico se manifiesta mediante modificaciones significativas en los modelos de explotación, estableciéndose factorías litorales para el procesado de peces y moluscos que, a su vez, requieren de un desarrollo de la distribución comercial. En este trabajo realizamos una evaluación del comercio y consumo de los productos marinos en los asentamientos romanos de nueva creación en el noroeste de la península ibérica a partir del registro zooarqueológico.[EN] The incorporation of the Iberian northwest into the Roman administrative and economic network brought about important changes in the distribution systems of consumer products. In particular, this study focuses on the exploitation of marine resources, influenced both by the social significance acquired by the consumption of certain products and by the demand generated by new food tastes. The new socio-economic scenario manifests itself in important modifications of the exploitation models, establishing factories on the coast for the transformation of fish and molluscs which, in turn, require the development of commercial distribution. In this paper we evaluate the trade and consumption of marine products in the newly created Roman settlements in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula based on the zooarchaeological record