Strategies for GHG mitigation in Mediterranean cropping systems. A review

In this review we aimed to synthetize and analyze the most promising GHGs mitigation strategies for Mediterranean cropping systems. A description of most relevant measures, based on the best crop choice and management by farmers (i.e., agronomical practices), was firstly carried out. Many of these measures can be also efficient in other climatic regions, but here we provide particular results and discussion of their efficiencies for Mediterranean cropping systems. An integrated assessment of management practices on mitigating each component of the global warming potential (N2O and CH4 emissions and C sequestration) of production systems considering potential side-effects of their implementation allowed us to propose the best strategies to abate GHG emissions, while sustaining crop yields and mitigating other sources of environmental pollution (e.g. nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization)

Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

TOPAG'97 : calculation program

El presente programa de cálculo TOPAG97 es utilizable en las siguientes actividades topográficas: • Determinación de superficies. • Cálculo de planillas de nivelación geométrica. • Cálculo de planilla de taquimetría. • Cálculo de nivelación, en parcelas cultivadas o no. En cada opción del menú principal se pueden ingresar los datos obtenidos a campo, de archivos ya generados o por teclado. Los resultados se presentan en pantalla o impresos. El software esta escrito en lenguaje OBASIC 4.5 para PC compatibles. Los algoritmos usados en el TOPAG97 provienen de aplicaciones citadas en la bibliografía y de ecuaciones desarrolladas por la cátedra de Topografía Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo.Fil: Rodríguez Plaza, Luis A. E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícol

Land leveling of irrigable soils : models to calculate cuts and fills

En el presente trabajo se analizan y se comparan dos modelos computacionales : TOPAG'97 (Rodríguez Plaza, 1997), desarrollado localmente SURFER (Golden Software Inc., versión 5.03, 1995) de gran difusión internacional. El TOPAG'97 se aplica a la nivelación de terrenos destinados a la producción agrícola regadía en Cuyo (Argentina), destacándose por: su fácil uso por parte de productores y profesionales su ejecución bajo DOS el cálculo de pendientes naturales el cálculo de la dirección de las líneas de cultivo (de acuerdo a las pendientes del terreno) y volúmenes de corte y relleno. El SURFER tiene muchas aplicaciones: dibuja isolíneas sobre la base de varias alternativas de interpolación, presenta, además, excelentes opciones para la visualización bi y tridimensional de los planos. Con este último modelo, comparando la información real obtenida a campo con un plano imaginario de cotas proyecto, planteado por el usuario, se pueden calcular los volúmenes de corte y relleno. Se analizan los fundamentos de modelos, sus aplicaciones y sus limitaciones comparándose los resultados tenidos en el cálculo de cortes y rellenos sobre cinco parcelas. Las pendientes máximas de las mismas fueron 2,062 % (eje X) y 1,893 % (eje Y); las superficies extremas, 4060,40 4060,40 Y14 045,20 m2 y la distancia entre estacas utilizadas a campo, 20 m. En función de los resultados, se especifican ventajas y desventajas de los modelos y, simultáneamente, los criterios más importantes para una adecuada sistematización del terreno. El objetivo es que los profesionales tomen conciencia de la importancia del movimiento de suelo.The present paper has for object to analyze and to compare the pattern of calculation TOPAG97 (Rodríguez Plaza, 1997), developed locally, with another of great international diffusion as SURFER (Golden Software Inc., 1995, version 5.03). The first model is applied to the leveling of lands dedicated to the írrigable agricultural production in the area cuyana, standing out the following qualities: use easiness for producers and professíonals, to run under DOS, to calculate the natural slopes, to calculate the direction of the cultivation lines (according to the slopes of the land) and court volumes and filling on 5 parcels. The second software has wide diffusion in the international market and it has many applications: it draws isolines on the base of several interpolation alternatives and it also presents excellent options for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization of the planes. With this last model and comparing the real information obtained to field with an imaginary plane of bench marks project outlined by the user, you can calculate the court volumes and filling. The foundations are analyzed on which the models, their applications and amlimitations have been developed and the bos results are compared obtained in the taciones, obcalculation of courts and fillings on 5 parcels. The maximum slopes of the studied parcels are 2,062 % (axis X) and 1,893 % (axis Y),the extreme surfaces of the parcels are: and 14045,20 m2 and the distance among stakes used to field are of 20 m. In function of the results, advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed models are specified, at the same lime that the most importanl approaches are analyzed to achieve an appropriate systematizing of lhe land in order lo achieve the taking it makes aware for the professionals that develop these tasks, about the importance of soil movement.Fil: Rodríguez Plaza, Luis A. E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Morábito, José A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Atencio, Alejandro Luis. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícol

Cambio climático en el Mediterráneo español. Segunda edición actualizada

The first edition of the report “Climate Change in the Spanish Mediterranean” acknowledged the necessity of monitoring environmental conditions within the Mediterranean Sea and it stated that initiatives aimed at preserving and achieving a sustainable development of its resources should be based on a rigorous and scientific knowledge. The first edition of this report attempted to establish the basis for future works and detected and quantified the sea level rise of waters surrounding the Mediterranean Spanish coasts, the temperature and salinity increase of deep waters, and the warming of the air and sea surface waters. The study of these and other man-made threats on the marine environment is an open question and requires a continuous monitoring effort. Thanks to the collaboration with other Spanish institutions such as ICM (CSIC), Puertos del Estado (PE), IMEDEA (CSIC), UMA, UIB and AEMET, as well as the own monitoring programs from the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (RADMED program), this second edition continues the previous report, analyzing time series extended to July 2008 and evidencing the persistence of the above mentioned warming trends in the Spanish Mediterranean. This and future updated reports, the activities of the IEO Mediterranean Group on Climate Change, and the collaboration with the already mentioned institutions intend to be a tool for the continuous surveillance of the Mediterranean Spanish waters and the assessment for its sustainable exploitation.Versión del edito