Perceptions of Colombian Teachers about the Didactics of Social Sciences

The article seeks to answer the question about the perceptions that teachers have in training and in practice on the didactics of the social sciences in Colombia. To this end, a method with an interpretative approach with a mixed design is used to integrate the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data produced on these perceptions in the context of basic and secondary education. The results present from the perceptions of teachers some correlations between the didactics they claim to use and the way in which it is expressed in their pedagogical practice. The conclusions contribute to the design, implementation, and evaluation of educational policies in education, especially those aimed at improving the teaching and learning processes of the social sciences at different educational levels

The Role of XBRL on EMAS Reporting: An Analysis of Organisational Values Compatibility

This paper proposes a measurement method for assessing the extent to which the XBRL digital standard eXtensible Business Reporting Language can assist firms in implementing their reporting when applying EMAS The EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme. A specific survey based on the work of (Bunker et al., 2007), which uses Value Compatibility, was carried out at the most important firms in Southern Spain. Different sectors were involved in the study: public hospital, copper manufacturing facilities, petrochemical plant and pulp and renewable energy production. The results reveal some concordances between EMAS using XBRL as a reporting technology, and the cultural, organisational and technical working environment of the analysed firms, specifically those related to the Structural Dimension. By contrast, some discordance is highlighted related to the Practical Dimension. The paper proposes for the first time the application of the global financial standard XBRL for a non financial purpose like the widely accepted EMAS, to actual potential uses in real scenarios. The empirical research combined heavy industry with services, privately owned firms with public entities, private and public sector, in the analysis of this technology. The paper represents a necessary landmark for a subsequent longitudinal study.JEL Codes - D8; M14; M15; M41; M4

Design and implementation in USRP of a preamble-based synchronizer for OFDM systems

The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most widely adopted schemes in wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and LTE due to its high transmission rates, and the robustness against Intersymbol Interference (ISI). However, OFDM is highly sensitive to synchronism errors, which affects the orthogonality of the carriers. We analyzed several synchronization algorithms based on the correlation of the preamble symbols through the implementation in Software-Defined Radio (SDR) using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). Such an implementation was performed in three stages: frame detection, comparing the autocorrelation output and the average power of the received signal; time synchronism, where the cross-correlation based on the short and long preamble symbols was implemented; and the frequency synchronism, where the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) added by the channel was detected and corrected. The synchronizer performance was verified through the USRP implementation. The results serve as a practical guide to selecting the optimal synchronism scheme and show the versatility of the USRP to implement digital communication systems efficiently.Comment: 6 pages, to be presented at the ANDESCON - Biannual Technical and Scientific Conference of the Andean Council of the IEEE 202

Los videojuegos y su incidencia en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del séptimo año de educación general básica de la escuela licenciado Jaime Andrade Fabara de la ciudad Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi en el año lectivo 2014-2015

The present work was done with the purpose of investigate the video games incidence on the students of seventh year of General Basic Education academic performance of the Jaime Andrade Fabara graduate school of the Latacunga City, Cotopaxi Province. For which the video games was considered as independent variable and the academic performance as dependent variable, it was done through the documentary research of the students ‘grade records of the seventh year, the quimestral average performance of the two consecutive years, that is of fifth and sixth year students that stayed in the institution until current day….El presente trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de investigar la incidencia de los videos juegos en el rendimiento académico de los /las estudiantes del séptimo año de Educación General Básica de la Escuela Licenciado Jaime Andrade Fabara de la ciudad de Latacunga, Provincia de Cotopaxi. Para lo cual se consideró como variable independiente a la incidencia de los videojuegos y como variable dependiente al rendimiento académico, se realizó mediante la investigación documental de los registros de calificaciones de los y las estudiantes del séptimo año, se consideraron los promedios de rendimiento quimestral de los dos años consecutivos, es decir de quinto y sexto año de los estudiantes que permanecieron en la institución hasta la fecha actual. La investigación de campo se realizó mediante la técnica de la encuesta utilizando como instrumento cuestionarios, la misma que se aplicaron a las estudiantes y maestros cuya información fue tabulada y representada en tablas y gráficos circulares…

Intensification of Agricultural Systems and their Relation to Production and Efficiency. Results of Application

Agriculture is facing new challenges, on one hand is the need to increase food production; on the other, a more efficient use of natural resources, biofuels and production of raw materials. Both make agriculture a priority to industrial progress, which have determined new changes in the way intensification processes are implemented to meet the sector´s demands without causing land overuse. This review evaluates the bases for intensification of agricultural systems and their relation to production and efficiency. Additionally, the results from implementation of the Cuban experience are presented. In that context, the current intensification trends were defined, and other different criteria in terms of sustainability were explained. It was concluded that there are different criteria, trends or priorities regarding agriculture intensification; therefore, more than confrontation, conciliation must prevail. The strategy must be directed to an application based on each sector´s particulars, taking sustainability as the common principle of production

Importancia del electroencefalograma en el diagnóstico de muerte cerebral

La muerte encefálica (ME) ha sido reconocida internacionalmente por la comunidad científica como la muerte del individuo. Para su evaluación y certificación es imprescindible una sólida comprensión de la fisiopatología subyacente, los signos clínicos y los exámenes complementarios. La labor del especialista en esta situación tan compleja consiste en certificar el cese irreversible de las funciones neurológicas con el mayor grado de fiabilidad posible.El diagnóstico será llevado a cabo por médicos expertos en el manejo de pacientes neurocríticos. Se fundamentará en una meticulosa y exhaustiva exploración clínica, la cual evaluará la ausencia de reflejos troncoencefálicos. En aquellas situaciones en las que la exploración no resulte definitiva, el técnico deberá ayudarse mediante pruebas complementarias.Desde la publicación de los criterios de Harvard en 1968, el electroencefalograma (EEG) ha constituido el método de elección en la confirmación diagnóstica en la mayoría de países. Además de su alto grado de fiabilidad, su elevada disponibilidad en la mayoría de centros hospitalarios, su reproducibilidad, rapidez, facilidad en la realización, bajo coste e inocuidad hacen de él una exploración prioritaria. La larga experiencia en su uso lo dota, además, de un valor sociocultural añadido.Sin embargo, debe tenerse en cuenta que el EEG también presenta limitaciones. La elevada sensibilidad eléctrica que exige la prueba la hace especialmente susceptible a la interferencia por artefactos. Situaciones excepcionales como intoxicaciones farmacológicas, comas tóxico-metabólicos, hipotermia o anoxia aumentan la probabilidad de obtener resultados falsos positivos. En estos escenarios debe valorarse la aplicación de pruebas complementarias alternativas.El único camino para la reducción de incertidumbre en el diagnóstico de ME es el conocimiento de las ventajas y limitaciones de las herramientas disponibles. Solo así el médico será capaz de aplicar la más adecuada en cada contexto clínico, aumentando la fiabilidad del diagnóstico.<br /

Correlación del electroencefalograma y el doppler transcraneal en el diagnóstico de muerte cerebral

Introducción: La muerte cerebral se define como el cese irreversible de las funciones cerebrales en presencia de funcionamiento cardiovascular y ventilatorio artificial. Esto suele ser el resultado de una elevación de la presión intracraneal progresiva que deriva en isquemia y cese de la circulación intracraneal. Para su diagnóstico, tras el cumplimiento de una serie de requisitos, se realiza una exploración completa y rigurosa, un test de apnea y existe la posibilidad de completar el proceso con alguna prueba complementaria como el electroencefalograma (EEG) o el Doppler transcraneal (DTC). Metodología: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en la que se recopilan artículos sobre el uso de estas pruebas complementarias como confirmación diagnóstica de muerte cerebral. Resultados: Tanto el EEG como el DTC tienen ventajas y limitaciones que las hacen más o menos adecuadas para determinadas situaciones. Las dos son pruebas con amplia disponibilidad en hospitales, no invasivas y portátiles, por lo que son ideales para su uso en pacientes en UCI. El patrón característico de muerte cerebral en el EEG es un registro isoeléctrico, mientras que los patrones correspondientes a la muerte cerebral en el DTC son oscilaciones, la aparición de picos sistólicos y una inversión del flujo en diástole, que finalmente deriva en un cese del flujo cerebral completo. El EEG es la prueba más recomendada históricamente, sin embargo, algunos estudios consideran el DTC como más adecuada. Conclusión: Existen multitud de diferencias entre los protocolos de distintos centros para el uso de estas técnicas y es complicado obtener unas conclusiones aplicables de forma homogénea. No obstante, se recomienda el establecimiento de un protocolo más universal para el diagnóstico de muerte cerebral ya que determina la toma de decisiones de gran valor clínico y ético.<br /

Is the straight leg raise suitable for the diagnosis of radiculopathy? analysis of diagnostic accuracy in a phase iii study

The straight leg raise test (SLR) has been proposed to detect increased nerve mechanosensitivity of the lower limbs in individuals with low back pain. However, its validity in the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy shows very variable results. The aim of this study was to analyse the diagnostic validity of the SLR including well-defined diagnostic criteria (a change in symptoms with the structural differentiation manoeuvre and the reproduction of the patient’s symptoms during the test or the asymmetries in the range of motion or symptoms location between limbs) in a sample of participants in phase III with suspicion of lumbar radiculopathy using the electrodiagnostic studies (EDX) as the reference standard. A phase III diagnostic accuracy study was designed. In total, 142 individuals with suspected lumbosacral radiculopathy referred for EDX participated in the study. Each participant was tested with EDX and SLR. SLR was considered positive using three diagnostic criteria. The sensitivity of the SLR for Criterion 3 was 89.02% (CI 81.65–96.40), the specificity was 25.00% (CI 13.21–36.79), and the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.19 (CI 1.01–1.40) and 0.44 (0.21–0.94), respectively. SLR showed limited validity in the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy. The incorporation of more objective diagnostic criteria (asymmetry in range of motion or localisation of symptoms) improved the diagnostic validity but the imprecision of the confidence intervals limited the interpretation of the results

Prevalence of Neuropathic Component in Post-COVID Pain Symptoms in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors

Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of neuropathic pain symptoms and to analyze the correlation between neuropathic symptoms with pain-related, psychological, and cognitive variables in COVID-19 survivors exhibiting ?de novo? post-COVID pain. Methods. Seventy-seven (n?=?77) previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors presenting with post-COVID pain completed demographic (such as age, height, and weight), pain-related (the duration and intensity of pain), psychological (depressive/anxiety levels), and cognitive (catastrophizing and kinesiophobia) variables. The Self-Report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) questionnaire was also assessed. After conducting multivariable correlation analyses, a stepwise multiple linear regression model was performed to identify S-LANSS predictors. Results. Participants were assessed a mean of 6.0 (SD 0.8) months after hospital discharge. Nineteen (24.6%) exhibited neuropathic pain symptoms (S-LANSS score?12 points). The S-LANSS score was positively associated with the duration of post-COVID pain (r: 0.262), anxiety levels (r: 0.275), and kinesiophobia level (r: 0.291) (all, ?<?0.05). The stepwise regression analysis revealed that 12.8% of the S-LANSS variance was just explained by kinesiophobia. Conclusion. This study found that almost 25% of previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors with ?de novo? post-COVID pain reported a neuropathic pain component. The presence of neuropathic pain symptomatology was associated with more anxiety and kinesiophobia, but only kinesiophobia level was significantly associated explaining 12.8% of the variance of the S-LANSS score.Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL) (NVAL21/26)

Intensificación de los sistemas agropecuarios y su relación con la productividad y eficiencia. Resultados con su aplicación. Artículo de Revisión.

El sector agrario se encuentra ante nuevos desafíos; por una parte, está la necesidad de incrementar la producción de alimentos y por otra se añaden el uso más eficiente de los recursos naturales, la producción de biocombustibles y materias primas, aspectos que convierten a la agricultura en prioritaria para el desarrollo industrial. Esto ha determinado cambios en el modo de implementar los procesos de intensificación, de manera que se cumpla con las priorid a-des del sector, sin una sobreexplotación de la tierra. En la reseña se valoran las bases para la intensificación de los sistemas agropecuarios y su relación con la productividad y la eficiencia, así como se exponen resultados con su implementación, considerando la experiencia cubana. En este contexto, se definen las tendencias actuales de la intensi-ficación y se exponen además diferentes criterios en relación a su sostenibilidad. Se concluye que coexisten diferentes criterios, tendencias o prioridades para la intensificación de la agricultura, por lo tanto, más que una confrontación, debe regir una conciliación, donde la estrategia debe estar encaminada a su aplicación en correspondencia con las características particulares de cada sector, respetando la sostenibilidad como principio común de producción.Intensification of Agricultural Systems and their Relation to Production and Efficiency. Application Results. Review article.ABSTRACTAgriculture is facing new challenges; on one hand is the need to increase food production, and on the other, a more efficient use of natural resources, biofuel and raw material production. Both  make agriculture a priority to industrial progress; it has determined new changes in the way intensification processes   are implemented to meet the sector´s demands, without causing land overuse. This review makes land assessment for intensification of agricultural sys-tems and their relation to production and efficiency. Additionally, the results from implementation base d on the Cuban experience, are revealed. In that context, the current intensification trends were defined, and other different criteria in terms of  sustainability were explained. It was concluded that there are different criteria, trends or priorities regarding agriculture intensification; therefore, more than confrontation, conciliation must prevail. The strategy must be directed to application based on the specifics of each sector, regarding  sustainability as the common principle of production